筋骨草内昆虫蜕皮激素类似物对杨干象的杀虫作用

从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。     

印度阿萨姆帮丘陵林地优势种竹子群聚开花情况:物候学、再生、对农村经济的影响以及保护

We recorded gregarious flowering of three bamboo species viz. Bambusa arundinacea, Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera during rainy season from early March to late May, 2008 at lowland forest of Bajali area of Indo-Burma hotspot region. A regular method of field sampling of various forest types was used to map the bamboo species in Assam, India. Moreover, people’s perception on bamboo blooming was investigated at 17 sample plots covering 258 respondents inhabiting at the site at an average of 15 in each plots. A floral clump (inflorescence) emerged and developed into a giant panicle comprising of numerous florets. Two types of seeds viz. bacca and caryopsis were recorded in different species. Viviparous germination was noticed in few bacca seeds produced by M. baccifera and this has unusual occurrence in bamboo. Seed viability test shows that 75% caryopsis seeds were viable; these seeds had the potential of germination and can be used for mass regeneration. Most local respondents believe that bamboo flowering can result in population explosion of rodent, therefore, they think bamboo flowering is positively correlated with famine. This traditional belief results in massive destruction of bamboo clumps, which significantly impacts on rural economy.     

深圳市宝安公园的植物配置研究

文章在对深圳市宝安公园植物资源调查的基础上进行了植物配置研究,根据宝安公园被子植物占绝对优势的现状,以及种子植物区系组成简单、群落结构简单、藤本植物应用较少、观花植物花期和花色种类分布不均等问题,研究了公园的植物配置布局、空间构建、观花植物的观赏时序和花色优化。并分区对公园各景区包括大门、园路、湖岸等设施环境的植物造景进行设计探讨。     

云杉矮槲寄生——危害青海云杉的寄生植物

云杉矮槲寄生Arceuthobium sichuanense主要寄生在云杉上,引起病部枝条膨大、形成“丛枝”。该文从分类地位、形态特征、危害特点和治理等方面介绍了云杉矮槲寄生的研究现状与进展。     

Oviposition preference,larval distribution and impact of the swede midge, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Contarinia nasturtii</Emphasis>, on growth and yield of canola

The swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) has become a significant economic pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Ontario and an emergent pest in the Prairie provinces. Determining yield impacts of swede midge damage and the growth stage(s) at which canola is most vulnerable or attractive to swede midge will contribute to the development of pest management recommendations throughout the growth of the crop. In four experiments, canola plants were exposed to specific densities of adult swede midge and measures of oviposition, damage and yield were collected. There was a significant positive relationship between female density and total oviposition per plant with a very high capacity for larval numbers on canola; up to ~ 4000. Given a choice of four growth stages, approximately 85% of oviposition occurred on seven-leaf and early bud canola. Given no choice, the high total oviposition on 3-leaf and flowering stages suggests that swede midge will oviposit on less favorable canola growth stages, if no others are present. Damage sustained on primary racemes remained relatively constant over time. However, damage ratings on secondary and tertiary racemes decreased over time in the highest treatment densities, suggesting compensation by the plant. All yield measures, except seed weight per pod, significantly decreased with increasing female density on primary and/or secondary racemes. A density of ~ 0.6 females per plant resulted in 10% reductions in the number of pods and seed weight produced on primary racemes. These results support recommendations for insecticide applications at, or just prior to, the early bud stage.     

幼龄橄榄开花结实初步调查

2000年在高州对幼龄橄榄开花结实进行调查，结果如下：春梢萌发期不同，成花株率、成花梢率、每梢花穗数和中穗花蕾数相差相当悬殊，在2月中旬至3月上旬萌发的春梢，其各种成花指标均居最高；成花株率、成花梢率、每梢花芽数、每梢存果穗数、每梢存果数随树龄的增大而明显增加；不同农家品种橄榄的成花挂果特性有很大差异，要提高橄榄园产量，选用优良品种是关键；母枝粗壮，枝上叶片浓密、较大、浓绿色、厚而硬的榄树，有利于成花挂果，其各种成花指标较高；花芽数、中穗花蕾数与结果母梢径粗分别呈极显著正向线性相关（相关系数分别为0．831和0．916）；经营管理水平高低对橄榄成花有显著影响，特别是立地条件较差的榄园，精细管理更显得迫切与重要，应及时对树体的养分供应及营养生长进行适当的调控。     

麻竹开花前后主要营养元素变化研究

研究了麻竹开花过程中植株不同部位N、P、K、Ca、Mg等营养元素含量及其变化。结果表明:在麻竹开花过程中,各种营养元素在植株不同部位的含量分别表现为:N,枝 > 秆 > 叶;P,叶 > 枝 ≥ 秆;K,未开花及开花前期为叶 > 枝 > 秆,开花盛期为枝 > 叶 > 秆;Ca,未开花及开花盛期为叶 > 秆 > 枝,开花前期为叶 > 枝 > 秆;Mg,叶 > 枝 > 秆。营养元素在植株同一部位的变化规律表现为:N在枝、秆、叶中的含量均为先降低再升高;P在枝、秆中含量逐渐升高、在叶中含量逐渐减少;K在枝、秆中含量先降低后升高、在叶中含量逐渐减少;Ca在枝中含量先升高再降低、在秆中含量逐渐减少、在叶中含量逐渐升高;Mg在枝和秆中含量先升高再降低、在叶中含量逐渐降低。研究结果可为竹子开花机理研究提供参考。     

Leafing, flowering and fruiting of Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica in savanna parklands in Uganda

Vitellaria paradoxa leafing, flowering and fruiting patterns were monitored in Otuke county (Lira district), northern Uganda, over a period of 25 months. The monitoring revealed that leaf shedding takes place in the middle of the dry season and the trees are in full leaf by the onset of the wet season. New leaves continue to appear on the new shoots while old leaves persist during the leaf-fall period. The pattern of leafing and leaf loss, flowering and fruiting are unimodal with major peaks in flowering and fruiting, although in the study area rainfall is bimodal. Flowering was concentrated in months when the atmospheric relative humidity begins to rise from an initially low value (around November), peaks three months later and usually ends when rainy conditions persist. Flowers produced during the rainy season usually abort. Fruiting starts at the end of the dry season (December/January) and peaks from February to April. Seed matures during the rainy season (March to May) and fruit harvesting occurs mainly from May to August, when the soil is well supplied with plant available water but coinciding with high pre-growing season famine risk in the community.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Impact of agroforestry practices on the flowering phenology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitellaria paradoxa</Emphasis> in parklands in southern Mali

The impact of human practices on the phenology of flowering was assessed for an important agroforestry tree species of the Sudano-Sahelian zone: Vitellaria paradoxa. Flowering was monitored at two sites in southern Mali over 2 years. At each site, the impact of agricultural practices on flowering phenology was assessed by comparing field, fallow and forest. The site effect and agricultural practices were significant for all the monitored variables. The proportion of individuals that flowered was 89% at Koumantou and 40% at MPeresso. About 98, 95 and 75% of individuals at Koumantou and 88, 12 and 20% at MPeresso flowered in the field, fallow and forest, respectively. The mean length of flowering ranged from 69 to 81 days at Koumantou and from 45 to 108 days at MPeresso. The mean number of days for the active phase ranged from 36 to 49 days at Koumantou and from 27 to 64 days at MPeresso. Koumantou’s favourable climatic conditions resulted in better flowering ability and a higher probability of abundant flowering. Field appeared to provide better conditions than fallow and forest regarding flowering ability and probability of abundant flowering. However, tree diameter did not affect flowering phenology. Agricultural practices appear to have a noticeable impact on the phenology of flowering of V. paradoxa. Trees flowered abundantly in the parkland and therefore increased gene flow via pollen and/or seeds and the dynamics of genetic diversity.     

雷竹开花期内源激素、氨基酸和营养成分含量变化

竹类植物开花较罕见 ,对其开花的原因也有不同的学说 ,如病理学说、营养学说、周期学说、个体变异和突变学说、气候学说等 (毛高喜等 ,1996 ;周芳纯 ,1998) ,但有学者认为内源激素对植物的开花有一定的调节作用 (王锋 ,1990 ;梁武元等 ,1986 ;王白坡等 ,1999;马国华等 ,1995 ;王彦清等 ,1998;陆军等 ,1993)。根据植物生长习性 ,开花植物有 2种不同衰老方式。其中一类是一生中只开一次花 ,即在开花结实后整株植株就衰老死亡 ,这类植物称为单稔植物 ,竹类植物就属于这一类植物。植物内源激素是体内十分重要的活性物质 ,它参与并调整植物的新陈…     

秋菊花期调控技术研究

进行了秋菊花期的控制试验,结果表明,秋菊在长日照下可延迟开花.在扦插苗成活定植后,成熟叶展开5～6片后开始补光处理60 d,照度120 ～ 231 lx,成株在塑料大棚内增温培植.经补光处理,不同品种花期不同.花色,花径,叶色、叶形等品种特征与正常秋菊无异.用B9矮化处理后,花径、叶面积增大,效果十分明显.彩龙爪、温玉、一捧雪花开至翌年7月上旬,十丈珠帘、彩龙爪单株着花数达150余朵.     

油茶生育规律及其影响因子研究

本文通过17年固定标准地观测,证明组成油茶产油量的主要因子是单株产果量和鲜果含油率.影响单株产果量,大果优于中、小果;早花优于中、晚、特早花;紫红、红果优于青皮果.在偏北地区.花期气候是影响油茶产量的最重要外界因素.油茶选种应以单株为主,着重早花、大果、高鲜果含油量等性状选择,果实成熟度要一致.     

Landscaping and performance of some aesthetic plant species in hot, arid conditions of India

Establishment of ornamental and aesthetic plants in hot, arid conditions of India is difficult due to the prevailing climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. Effect of turfgrass on the growth of ornamental plants in hot arid conditions has not been studied so far anywhere in the world. A study was conducted on the campus of Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India to assess the performance of a few ornamental plant species in combination with turfgrass and without turfgrass with respect to different soil tilling intervals. Growth of plants was better with turfgrass than without turfgrass. We suggest adopting a soil tilling interval of 30 days to achieve optimum growth of ornamental plant species in terms of height and crown diameter. Our results can help reduce labor costs and achieving better landscapes in fewer days in hot urban conditions of Indian sub continent.     

Identification of ISSR markers linked to flowering traits in a representative sample of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus cladocalyx</Emphasis>

Early flowering and flower abundance have long been considered desirable traits in eucalypt breeding programs. In particular, flowers of Eucalyptus cladocalyx provide a nectar source for the production of honey in arid ecosystems. To identify inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers that are associated with early flowering and flower abundance in the southern Atacama Desert, we used a sample of 47 trees, representing five Australian provenances of E. cladocalyx. A unified mixed linear model (which considered the effect of genetic structure and the kinship relationship among trees) revealed that three loci were significantly associated with early flowering, which accounted for 10–16 % of the phenotypic variation, while two loci accounted for 11–13 % in flowering intensity. Locus ISO_{1–500 bp} was associated with both flowering traits. This result is consistent with our previous findings indicating that marker-assisted selection on early flowering should have significant and positive impact on flowering intensity. The application of marker-assisted selection to identify trees that flower early and intensively may increase honey production, a resource that generates additional income for the local farmers of the southern Atacama Desert.     

雷竹开花期内源激素含量变化研究

通过对开花雷竹和未开花雷竹内源激素含量的分析结果表明,ABA对促进雷竹开花起到了主要作用,而IAA和GA₃对雷竹开花有拮抗作用;并且认为,为了抑制雷竹开花而施植物生长调节剂应施在雷竹的竹鞭部位较好。     

福州市春季风景林美景度评价及营造建议

采用综合调查和典型调查相结合的方式,对福州市内代表性的园林绿地春季观赏植物进行调查。重点调查区域包括福州国家森林公园、旗山国家森林公园、南北江滨公园、金牛山公园、福建农林大学中华植物园及校内植物等。调查表明,福州市主要春季观赏植物90种,其中观花植物56种,色叶植物34种。福州市春季观花植物中以木兰科、蔷薇科包含的植物较多,另外还有山茶科、杜鹃花科、大戟科、豆科、冬青科、紫葳科等。采用美景度评判法(Scenic Beauty Estimation,SBE)对福州市春花植物进行评判,得到相应的美景度值。其中具有较高观花价值的亚乔木12种,灌木9种,草本或藤本3种。在调查与评价的基础上,从植物选择和配置2方面初步探讨了福州市春季风景林的营造建议。       

澳洲植物——蜡花的引种栽培和繁殖

通过对澳大利亚的鲜切花品种蜡花进行引种观察,掌握其栽培管理技术及繁殖技术,认为蜡花在长江中下游地区,冬季可在不加温的温室中生长且可以正常开花、花期长,可以作为切花应用。       

Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India

In rural societies of Mizoram, India, traditional methods of treatment are followed in the majority of the populace. Information on 135 plant species from 122 genera and 65 families is presented here.     

小叶女贞开花生物学特性的观测与分析

以长春市建植小叶女贞庭院绿篱为研究材料,观测群体花期、单株花期、单花序与单花花期,收集5月份有关气温数据,分析其对花期性状表现是否构成影响及程度。结果表明:2014—2016年小叶女贞开花时间为6月2日至25日之间,3 a群体花期平均为21.3 d,各年度相差在1 d之内,盛花期为12~13 d;单株开花时间最短植株为16 d,最长者为19 d,平均为17.5 d;单花序为8~12 d,单花为4~5 d。小叶女贞为夏初开花树种,此时气温等气象因子稳定,花期基本不受天气微小变化影响,开花时间亦相对稳定。     

Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya

Within the semi-desert landscape of northern Libya, two sub-humid escarpments occur: Al-Akhdar in the east and Nafusa(Jabal Al-Gharbi) in the west. This study compares plant communities in the two regions, which are along an elevation gradient, in terms of species composition and diversity, frequency of different Raunkiaer life forms, and reproductive phenology. The two regions differed in species composition and life-form frequency between regions and between elevation zones within each region. Patterns were associated with the lower rainfall and lower moisture-holding capacity of soils at Nafusa,resulting in more xeric conditions. Only 13% of species were shared between the two regional landscapes. Species diversity, life-form frequency, and duration of the flowering–fruiting phenophase were all affected by elevation above sea level. The duration of flowering and fruiting in spring and fall was associated with environmental conditions, although there were different thresholds in the two regions. There was both a spring and fall episode of flowering at Nafusa, but only spring flowering at Al-Akhdar. It is anticipated that there will be a gradual shift of plant communities to higher elevations and loss of certain sensitive species in response to ongoing climate change.