鄂西三峡库区端坊溪小流域优良林分小气候效益研究

长江中上游防护林体系初建以来,为定量化反映出不同林分在保护环境中的作用,以端坊溪小流域为试验点,针对鄂西三峡库区6种优良林分,从林地的小气候观测及影响森林小气候的主要林分因子等方面进行了小气候效益研究。研究表明:1.森林对林内光照、地温、空气温度、湿度及林地水汽蒸发具有明显的影响作用;2.林分因子中,影响森林小气候的主要是郁闭度,平均林分高及林冠层厚度等;3.林分结构不同,对小气候的影响程度较大。     

探析森林对调节小气候和生物多样性的影响

文章论述了森林调节小气候效应及森林对生物多样性的影响。     

森林小气候国内外研究进展

主要对近年来国内外小气候研究的方式方法等进行综述,通过对森林小气候研究进展的探讨,了解森林植被对环境的有益特征和改善作用,同时得出森林对环境影响的大小也受地形地势、树种组成、生长状态、森林覆盖率等多方面因素的影响。前人所研究得出的结论对唤醒人类的生态保护意识、体现森林的生态及康养功能有着至关重要的作用。     

三峡库区防护林不同林分结构森林小气候研究

研究表明：1．中龄林、成熟林对森林小气候影响最大,幼龄林、衰退林影响最小。2．复层混交林＞单层混交林＞单层纯林。并建立了y＝41．3038—9．9219×X_1－0．3002X_2等数学模型。结论：在各林分主要因子中,对森林小气候影响大小排序为：郁闭度＞平均树高＞树冠层厚度等。     

抚育采伐对林下天然更新及其环境的影响

抚育采伐是森林经营过程中人类作用于森林的主要措施。本文针对当前国内外森林抚育采伐对林分更新的影响进行了综述,重点探讨了抚育采伐对林分小气候、土壤环境和林下更新的影响。特别指出,在今后的森林经营过程中,应实施分类抚育采伐,加强群团状抚育采伐的研究。     

黑河森林生态站林内外主要气象因子月变化规律研究

目的:本研究在黑龙江黑河森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站五大连池风景区分站(以下简称景区分站)采用连续长期定位观测的方法测定蒙古栎林内、林外气象因子动态变化分析其差异特征,旨在揭示森林内小气候的月变化规律及森林对小气候的影响.方法:选取2018年1月、5月、8月和11月四个月份的观测数据,分别从温度、湿度、太阳辐射、风速...     

城市绿地小气候研究现状与热点趋势分析*

城市绿地小气候逐渐成为当代城市环境研究的重点，厘清城市小气候的研究现状与发展趋势对于其建设与改善具有重要的意义。利用CiteSpace软件简要分析了中国知网（CNKI）数据库中223篇有关城市绿地小气候的文献，系统总结了城市绿地小气候的研究热点与发展趋势。结果表明，城市绿地小气候研究的对象与范围扩大，由单一的市政绿地向城市湿地、森林、公园、广场等多类型的城市绿地转变；风景园林学科逐渐成为城市绿地小气候研究的主力军；城市绿地小气候研究越来越重视人在夏季城市绿地小气候中的感受，与人体舒适度之间的联系加强。     

消息数则

消息数则半壁店乡森林小气候消雹减灾在京郊大兴县有一个很少发生自然灾害的半壁店乡。据气象部门分析：这个乡的森林小气候起了很重要的作用。解放前，半壁店乡多次受永定河决口影响，属永定河冲积平原：１９７４年，半壁店乡建乡，全乡方圆３８．８平方公里的８０％是沙...     

森林城市生态服务功能研究——以太原市建设国家森林城市为例

以太原市国家森林城市建设为例,介绍了城市森林在改善小气候、净化空气、阻尘杀菌、涵养水源等方面的生态服务功能,为研究和评价城市森林生态服务功能提供了参考.     

兴隆山林区小气候特征与森林更新

兴隆山及其森林,高立黄土高原之上,形成独特的下垫面,其气象要素与周围地区截然不同。本文基于定位试验和调查研究的资料,论述了自然环境与小气候特征;地形、森林对降水的影响;森林涵养水源的作用;青杆、山杨林小气候特征;青杆林天然更新状况及人工促进青秆林更新的效果等内容;并提供了一些主要数据。     

流溪河国家森林公园旅游气候研究

采用短期定位观测与气象台站资料分析相结合的方法，对流溪河国家森林公园主要景点的地形小气候、森林小气候和水域小气候进行了观测和对比，分析了不同海拔高度处的气候特点与候温季节．结果表明，该森林公园具有典型的亚热带湿润季风山地气候特征，四季分明，气温垂直变化大，山上夏季凉爽，宜避暑消夏；山下冬季温暖，宜避寒度假；山地森林小气候优越，具开展旅游活动的气候优势．建议加强森林保护，优化林分结构，以进一步提高其涵养水源和卫生保健功能．     

森林小气候观测研究概述

文章综述了国内外森林小气候观测研究概况及进展，包括森林小气候观测研究的常用仪器、观测方法和观测项目等。森林小气候观测方法主要有常规观测和梯度观测两大类。我国从20世纪80年代开始较为广泛使用常规观测仪器进行森林小气候观测，而国外自60年代中期就开始大量使用先进的自动观测仪器进行森林小气候观测；国内进行森林小气候观测的项目比较广泛但缺乏深度，而国外主要针对某一具体观测项目开展比较深入的研究。最后对我国森林小气候观测研究提出了建议。     

Canopy microclimate response to pattern and density of thinning in a Sierra Nevada forest

Restoring Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests after a century of fire suppression has become an important management priority as fuel reduction thinning has been mandated by the Healthy Forests Restoration Act. However, in mechanically thinned stands there is little information on the effects of different patterns and densities of live-tree retention on forest canopy microclimate. This study compared gradients of air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) through the vertical forest profile among an overstory-thin, an understory-thin, an un-thinned control, and a riparian environment in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest. Temperature and humidity were recorded for a year by 60 data loggers arrayed in 12 trees at 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 m above the forest floor. Both thinning treatments had significantly more extreme summer daily ranges of temperature and VPD than the control across heights. The overstory-thin resulted in the greatest maximum temperatures, VPDs, and VPD range among all sensors at 5 m, and significantly higher summer maximum temperatures and VPDs than the control in lower strata (≤15 m). The understory-thin also had significantly higher summer maximum temperatures than the control (≤15 m), but these too were significantly less than in the overstory-thin nearest the surface at 5 m. Understory thinning did not alter the mean or range of microclimate as much as overstory thinning. Riparian microclimate had significantly lower minimums and means, and greater daily ranges of temperatures and VPDs than the control. Results suggest that thinning canopy cover significantly increases the extremes and variability of understory microclimate compared to thinning from below and no-thin treatments.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同密度人工梭梭林改善小气候效应研究

通过对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同密度人工梭梭林的林内风速、气温、相对湿度、土壤含水量等指标的观测,就不同密度人工梭梭林改善小气候效应进行了研究,结果表明：人工梭梭林保留密度为1111株？hm^-2与833株？hm^-2时,改善小气候效应与高密度梭梭林相当;保留密度为500株？hm^-2时,改善小气候效应略有降低,但显著提高了土壤含水量,有利于抑制梭梭林的衰败退化;保留密度为278株？hm^-2时,改善小气候效应严重降低,土壤含水量提高不显著。     

西樵山森林景观改造的生态景观效果调查

2003年4月对西樵山1997～2000年森林景观改造的林分采用典型抽样的方法，设置标准地进行调查，从改造后林木的生长状况、森林群落特征、森林小气候环境等方面，综合评价西樵山森林景观改造后的林分生态效益与景观效果。结果表明：改造后的森林群落结构稳定、物种多样性指数提高，森林小气候环境得到改善，初步显露了一定的森林景观效果。     

Spatial variability in microclimate in a mixed-conifer forest before and after thinning and burning treatments

In the western United States, mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are common forest management practices aimed at reducing potential wildfire severity and restoring historic forest structure, yet their effects on forest microclimate conditions are not well understood. We collected microclimate data between 1998 and 2003 in a mixed-conifer forest in California's Sierra Nevada. Air and soil temperatures, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind speed, soil heat flux, and soil volumetric moisture were measured at the center of 18 four-ha plots. Each plot was assigned one of six combinations of thinning and burning treatments, and each treatment was thus given three replications. We found that spatial variability in microclimate, quantified as standard deviations among monthly values of each microclimatic variable across different locations (n ≤ 18), was significantly high and was influenced primarily by elevation and canopy cover. The combination of thinning and burning treatments increased air temperature from 58.1% to 123.6%. Soil temperatures increased in all thinned plots. Air moisture variables indicated that treatments made air drier, but soil moisture increased in the range 7.9–39.8%, regardless of treatment type. PAR increased in the range 50.4–254.8%, depending on treatment type. Treatments combining thinning and burning increased wind speed by 15.3–194.3%. Although soil heat flux increased dramatically in magnitude in some plots, overall treatment effects on G were not statistically significant. We discussed the significance and implications of the spatial variability of microclimate and the treatment effects to various ecological processes and to forest management.     

林木修枝对林地环境的影响研究进展

修枝作为一种传统的森林经营措施,在调节林分结构、调控林木生长、提高木材质量、维持林分稳定性等方面具有重要作用。探索科学合理的修枝技术是国内外林业科技工作者的研究热点。文中综合国内外的研究进展,从林内小气候、林下植被以及林地土壤3个方面阐述了林木的修枝效应,以期揭示林木修枝对环境的作用规律,为人工林修枝技术的研究与应用提供依据;同时指出当前我国林木修枝工作中存在的问题,并提出展望,以期为今后的研究和生产实践提供参考。     

Secondary edge effects in regenerating forest landscapes: vegetation and microclimate patterns and their implications for management and conservation

Forest regrowth is expected to gradually mitigate edge effects in forest landscapes fragmented by timber harvest, but our understanding of edge effect persistence and dynamics over time is still incomplete. Our main objective was to take a critical look at the role of forest regrowth in mitigating the initial edge effects on microclimate and understory vegetation in northern hardwood forests of the eastern United States. We compared canopy closure, hourly air temperature, soil moisture, and understory vegetation at increasing distances from forest edges (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 m) along twelve transects placed across new and older forest edges (3–4 or 16–19 years old) created by forest harvest. Open, new forest edges exhibited pronounced edge effects on microclimate and shade-intolerant plants, but these were almost completely moderated by forest regrowth on the cleared side of older edges where dense young forest developed with a new canopy comparable in cover to adjacent mature forest. There were no initial edge effects on shade-tolerant vegetation across new forest edges, but the shade-tolerant vegetation declined in mature forest near old forest edges adjacent to dense young forest that supported only sparse understory vegetation. These delayed secondary edge effects of young dense forests on adjacent mature forests have not been previously documented and they should be more explicitly included in forest management considerations. We suggest an integrated system for managing and mitigating both the immediate primary and delayed secondary edge effects in those working forest landscapes where biodiversity conservation is of high priority.     

油松中龄林的小气候效应研究

为揭示油松中龄林的气候效应,笔者运用自动气象站对晋东南油松中龄林林内外的气温、相对湿度、风速和风向、气压进行了为期1年的同步、连续观测,分析不同因子在林内外变化特征的差异性。结果表明,太行山油松中龄林林内外气温、相对湿度、风速、气压、太阳辐射的变化趋势相近,林内的年平均气温、年平均相对湿度、年平均气压、年平均风速、年平均太阳辐射强度分别为6.43℃,69.06%,0.09 m/s,87.94 KPa和39.67 W/m^2;林外分别为8.92℃,62.27%,0.82 m/s,87.81 KPa和137.14 W/m^2.油松林具有降温、防风、增湿、改变风向和减少太阳辐射的作用。此外,油松中龄林不仅具有明显的小气候效应,且改变了上述气象因子的相关性。