明清时期华北棉业研究

从明清时期华北植棉的历史、棉花在华北各省的地理分布、棉花栽培、加工技术入手,分析明清时期华北棉业迅速发展的动因,探讨明清时期华北棉业的社会经济影响及其局限性,从而更好地总结华北棉业发展的规律,以期对当前棉业的发展有所借鉴和启示。     

华北落叶松人工林林缘土壤酶活性研究

[目的]研究不同密度及林缘不同距离下华北落叶松林分边缘土壤酶活性.[方法]对河北围场县八英庄林场6种密度华北落叶松人工林进行标准地抽样调查,分析不同密度及林分边缘不同距离的土壤酶活性.[结果]不同密度华北落叶松人工林林缘处土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性均存在显著差异;从距林分边缘0～30 m处,土壤中蔗糖酶活性表现出明显的降低趋势,其他土壤活性酶与距林分边缘距离不存在显著性差异.[结论]林缘土壤中蔗糖酶活性最能反映华北落叶松人工林林缘效应,该研究可为华北落叶松林的合理经营提供参考.     

宁夏六盘山地区华北落叶松水源涵养林生长及天然更新情况调查研究

通过对宁夏六盘山西麓营造的30多年的水源涵养林华北落叶松生长和天然更新情况调查研究,结果表明:在调查的林分中,随着华北落叶松单位面积数量的增加,平均树高和胸径均呈下降趋势,胸径的降幅高于树高;从决定系数看,平均胸径与单位面积株数关系的紧密程度高于平均树高;华北落叶松在宁夏的天然更新是可能的。天然更新可分为林间空地的天然更新、林缘边天然更新和林地旁撂荒农地天然更新3种。在无人为干预的情况下,林地旁撂荒农地天然更新的华北落叶松生长最好,其次是林缘边(林区道路两侧的),较差的是林间空地。研究结果为华北落叶松水源涵养林的经营、人工促进天然更新提供理论依据。     

华北区农业院校教职工体育锻炼现状的调查研究

采用文献资料、访谈、问卷调查和数理统计等研究方法,对华北区农业高校教职工体育锻炼的现状进行调查研究,了解华北区农业高校教职工体育锻炼的现状及特点。发现华北区农业高校教职工对体育锻炼的参与性不强,对体育锻炼的消费不高,体育基础设施不足的现象。针对以上情况进行分析,提出相应对策,使华北区农业院校教职工通过体育锻炼来调节生活、改善体型、促进健康。     

两种驼绒藜属植物的抗旱生理研究

用盆栽控水的方法模拟土壤干旱条件,从水分生理和光合作用方面对两种驼绒藜属植物的抗旱生理进行研究。试验结果表明,华北驼绒藜的水分生理指标普遍高于绵毛优若藜,在水分胁迫状态下,华北驼绒藜的光合作用要比绵毛优若藜强。初步认为华北驼绒藜具有较强的抗旱能力。     

森林抚育对华北落叶松生长影响的调查与分析

为研究森林抚育措施对华北落叶松生长的影响,在宝鸡市马头滩林业局选择华北落叶松人工纯林作为研究对象,对经过抚育措施后影响华北落叶松生长进行了调查与分析,结果表明:1、华北落叶松林分进行抚育后平均胸径和生长率都是增加。 2、华北落叶松林分进行抚育后平均胸径和生长率增长的年数不同,在抚育后2-3年达到了最大值,林分进行抚育后生长率变化规律是先增加后下降,呈正态曲线的变化趋势,说明其生长速度由于生长空间增大而加快。     

间伐对六盘山华北落叶松森林质量精准提升的影响

间伐是森林经营的主要手段,对提升森林质量、促进森林生态系统健康持续发展具有重要意义。本文以宁夏六盘山叠叠沟林场华北落叶松为研究对象,探讨间伐对森林质量精准提升的影响。结果表明：间伐处理对六盘山叠叠沟林场华北落叶松树高、胸径和材积有积极影响,其中29%间伐处理的华北落叶松树高、胸径、材积年均增长率分别为3.63%、3.11%、11.34%;39%间伐处理的华北落叶松树高、胸径、材积年均增长率分别为3.44%、1.78%、2.00%;25%间伐处理的华北落叶松树高、胸径、材积年均增长率分别为2.84%、2.00%、7.93%。研究结果对于六盘山华北落叶松林分结构改善和森林质量精准提升具有重要的指导作用。     

华北耧斗菜(Aquilegia yabeana Kitag)的引种驯化及耐旱性评价

以野生华北耧斗菜(Aquilegia yabean Kitag)为研究材料,对其进行了引种驯化研究和耐旱性评价。通过对野生华北耧斗菜多年生苗和实生苗的物候期和主要观赏性状的跟踪调查,结果表明:华北耧斗菜可以适应山西中部地区的气候条件,具有较良好的耐旱性。该研究为华北耧斗菜的园林应用和种质创新提供了理论依据。     

华北落叶松人工林生长及基本材性特征对林木修枝的响应

选择13年生华北落叶松人工林,设置3种修枝强度:P1(冠高比为3/4)、P2(冠高比为1/2)、P3(冠高比为2/3)。5 a后对标准木进行树干解析及节子剖析,研究修枝对华北落叶松胸径、树高、材积及节子分布的影响。结果表明:修枝对华北落叶松的生长具有促进作用,处理P2对华北落叶松胸径生长的促进作用显著大于其他处理(P0.05),各处理间树高和材积生长量均无显著差异(P0.05),各处理间材积的增长量从大到小次序均为P2、P1、P3;修枝处理会使节子在树干中的长度变短,减少单位面积内节子数量,从而提高木材质量。     

不同坡向对华北落叶松林木生长的影响

[目的]研究坡向对华北落叶松林木生长的影响。[方法]以北沟林场华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,采用标准地调查法,根据调查资料,选择平均木进行树干解析,研究不同坡向华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高以及材积的变化规律。[结果]阴坡和阳坡林分的胸径、树高和材积的生长变化趋势大体一致,阴坡立地条件下胸径、树高和材积均高于阳坡;总体来看阴坡对华北落叶松的胸径和树高均有一定程度的影响,但对材积的平均生长量和连年生长量影响较大,两者在35、30 a时差异最大,最大差值分别为0.001 4、0.003 2 m3。[结论]处于阴坡的华北落叶松的胸径、树高、材积生长较阳坡优势明显。     

Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment

We examined the number of tropical cyclones and cyclone days as well as tropical cyclone intensity over the past 35 years, in an environment of increasing sea surface temperature. A large increase was seen in the number and proportion of hurricanes reaching categories 4 and 5. The largest increase occurred in the North Pacific, Indian, and Southwest Pacific Oceans, and the smallest percentage increase occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean. These increases have taken place while the number of cyclones and cyclone days has decreased in all basins except the North Atlantic during the past decade.     

北大港水库蓄水水质的影响因素及水质改善措施

天津市北大港水库作为规划中南水北调东线的调蓄水库,为保证天津市城市生活用水和工业用水发挥了很大的作用。利用马圈闸和十号口门的氯化物等物质的动态监测数据,描述了北大港水库水质变化情况,详细分析了水库水质变化主要的影响因素,并具有针对性地提出了改善水库水质的控制措施,对今后保障北大港水库水质、改善城市用水质量具有重大的意义。     

新疆粮食作物高产开发的基本思路与发展战略

本文以“南棉北粮”为基本出发点，从南北疆的基本情况和粮棉分布入手，通过深入分析找出了目前新疆粮食作物高产开发存在的主要问题，并提出了新疆粮食作物高产开发的基本思路与发展战略。     

Cyclic variation and solar forcing of Holocene climate in the Alaskan subarctic

High-resolution analyses of lake sediment from southwestern Alaska reveal cyclic variations in climate and ecosystems during the Holocene. These variations occurred with periodicities similar to those of solar activity and appear to be coherent with time series of the cosmogenic nuclides 14C and 10Be as well as North Atlantic drift ice. Our results imply that small variations in solar irradiance induced pronounced cyclic changes in northern high-latitude environments. They also provide evidence that centennial-scale shifts in the Holocene climate were similar between the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, possibly because of Sun-ocean-climate linkages.     

Diamonds in an upper mantle peridotite nodule from kimberlite in southern wyoming

Diamonds in a serpentinized garnet peridotite nodule from a diatreme in southern Wyoming are the first known occurrence in an upper mantle peridotite xenolith from a kimberlite intrusion in North America as well as the second authenticated occurrence of diamonds from kimberlite pipes in North America. The nodule is believed to have come from a section of depleted (partially melted) lherzolite at a depth of 130 to 180 kilometers.     

Growth fundamentalism in dying rural towns:Implications for rural development practitioners

In our paper we will try to connect the dynamics of community decline to individual responses. We will operate on two levels of reality. At the first level we will discuss the circumstances surrounding the recent decline of small communities in North Dakota. At the second level we will discuss how this decline affects small town residents' attitudes toward economic development. In the first level analysis we examine the thesis that the natural environment of community growth is economic exploitation; therefore, the decline of resource-based communities is natural and inevitable. We discuss the circumstances surrounding the recent decline of small communities in North Dakota. At the second level analysis, we operate at the level at which life circumstances and environments are shaped by political-economic institutions that in turn shape the behavior and mentality of communities, families, and individuals. We hypothesize that residents of declining small towns deny their powerlessness and adapt to their situation through intense dedication to economic growth. We develop a series of hypotheses to test this thesis using data from the North Dakota Rural Life Poll. In our conclusion, we discuss implications for rural development practitioners working in declining small towns where this intense dedication to economic development in prevalent.Dr. Stofferahn is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and director of the Social Science Research Institute at the University of North Dakota. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. in rural sociology from Iowa State University. Prior to coming to the University of North Dakota, Dr. Stofferahn was employed by the North Dakota Economic Development Commission. Mr. Fontaine received his M.S. in sociology from the University of North Dakota and is presently employed as the assistant director of the Social Science Research Institute. Douglas McDonald, Mike Spletto and Holly Jeanotte are graduate students in the Department of Sociology at the University of North Dakota. This paper originally was written as a class project in a graduate seminar in rural development.     

Asynchronous climate changes in the North Atlantic and Japan during the last termination

Pollen records from the annually laminated sediment sequence in Lake Suigetsu, Japan, suggest a sequence of climate changes during the Last Termination that resembles that of the North Atlantic region but with noticeable differences in timing. An interstadial interval commenced a few centuries earlier [approximately 15,000 years before the present (yr B.P.)] than the North Atlantic GI-1 (B?lling) event. Conversely, the onset of a Younger Dryas (YD)-like cold reversal (12,300 to 11,250 yr B.P.) postdated the North Atlantic GS-1 (YD) event by a few centuries. Climate in the Far East during the Last Termination reflected solar insolation changes as much as Atlantic influences.     

Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in central north america

Evidence from stable isotopes and a variety of proxies from two Ontario lakes demonstrate that many of the late glacial-to-early Holocene events that are well known from the North Atlantic seaboard, such as the Gerzensee-Killarney Oscillation (also known as the Intra-Allerod Cold Period), Younger Dryas, and Preboreal Oscillation, also occurred in central North America. These results thus imply that climatic forcing acted in the same manner in both regions and that atmospheric circulation played an important role in the propagation of these events.     

The kangmar dome: a metamorphic core complex in southern xizang (tibet)

The Kangmar metamorphic-igneous complex is one of the most accessible examples of an enigmatic group of gneiss domes (the North Himalayan belt) that lies midway between the Greater Himalaya and the Indus-Tsangpo suture in southern Tibet. Structural analysis suggests that the domal structure formed as a consequence of extensional deformation, much like the Tertiary metamorphic core complexes in the North American Cordillera. Unlike its North American counterparts, the Kangmar dome developed in an entirely convergent tectonic setting. The documentation of metamorphic core complexes in the Himalayan orogen supports the emerging concept that extensional processes may play an important role in the evolution of compressional mountain belts.     

基于NDVI数据的华北地区耕地物候空间格局

 【目的】探讨基于多时相遥感信息监测中国华北地区耕地种植制度和物候空间格局特征。【方法】选择NDVI时间序列数据,采用非对称性高斯函数拟合方法重建平滑曲线,依据年内NDVI变化曲线峰值数目监测华北地区耕地的多熟种植制度,并利用动态阈值法获取该种植制度下耕地物候空间格局。【结果】华北地区耕地种植制度以一年两熟为主,其分布具有明显的空间差异性,随着纬度递减呈现出从简单到复杂的总体趋势。在该种植制度下,华北地区耕地第一季作物的生长开始期和生长结束期存在十分明显的空间差异,一年两熟区域的第一季作物生长开始期和生长结束期要明显早于一熟区域。与第一季作物物候期明显的空间差异相比,华北地区耕地第二季作物物候期差异不显著。【结论】华北地区耕地种植制度与物候分布格局和自然地理环境紧密相关,不同区域的温度、降水和光照等气候资源的禀赋和匹配程度对该区域的种植结构和作物布局有很大影响。此外,这种耕地物候空间格局还与作物品质、耕作水平、灌溉、施肥和农药等有密切关系。如何区别生态环境因子和人类活动因子对耕地物候的影响是今后值得深入研究的问题。