蓟马复合种在芒果植株上的空间分布和理论抽样

为弄清蓟马在芒果植株上的空间分布格局,确定芒果蓟马监测及防控的抽样技术和方法,分别于芒果嫩梢期和扬花期,调查芒果植株不同冠层蓟马虫数。结果表明：不同地区芒果园蓟马的为害程度差异较大。芒果植株不同冠层均有蓟马分布为害,芒果花期取中、下层花穗,嫩梢期取中、上层叶片能较准确反应出植株的受害情况。芒果蓟马的分布型受种群密度的影响,密度低时为均匀分布,密度高时为聚集分布;聚集程度随密度升高而增大,个体间相互吸引。利用聚集均数分析聚集原因,发现芒果蓟马的聚集主要是由蓟马自身的习性和环境共同作用引起的。应用Iwao理论抽样原理,建立了芒果扬花期及嫩梢期的抽样模型：N =（8.8543/m +0.2098）t ²/D ²和N = (1.8462/m +0.1513)t ²/D ²。     

低温胁迫对白及光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了研究白及对低温胁迫的生理响应,以一年生白及为试材,分别进行22、18、14、10℃4个低温处理,之后再置于26℃进行恢复培养,分别于处理0、7、14、21、28 d和恢复培养的3、7 d测定叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光动力学参数。结果表明,14和10℃处理下,白及叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著下降,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在14 d时Ci最低;叶绿素荧光参数F_o上升,F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR大幅度下降,植株不能恢复生长。说明10℃和14℃对白及叶片PSⅡ光合系统造成严重损害,导致植株不能正常生长。18和22℃处理下,Pn、Gs、Tr和Ci均缓慢下降,说明气孔因素是导致Pn下降的主要因素,其中18℃处理条件下F_o小幅度上升,而F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR有小幅度下降,说明PSⅡ光合系统受到轻微损伤,22℃处理7 d时,Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR有轻微下降,F_o轻微上升,之后无显著变化,而F_v/F_m一直处于正常范围之内,说明7 d后白及可以适应22℃的温度环境,且Fo、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR的变化均在正常范围之内,未对白及的光合系统造成伤害。研究结果表明,10、14℃严重抑制了白及的生长和光合作用;18℃处理下,白及的生长形态未受到影响,但光合作用受到轻度抑制;22℃对白及的生长和光合作用不造成影响。     

龙吉稻田稻蛀螟发生为害及螟害株密度零频率估计法

稻蛀螟类是水稻常见害虫,为查明稻蛀螟发生为害情况和探索在一定精度保证前提下简便、快捷地估计螟害株密度的方法,对海南省澄迈县老城镇龙吉村稻田稻蛀螟发生为害进行了系统调查,并利用稻丛螟害株密度m和稻丛螟害零频率P0分别拟合线性函数、二次函数、双曲线函数、指数函数、幂函数、对数函数等常用函数模型及Gerrard-Chiang模型和Wilson模型。结果表明,龙吉稻田发生的稻蛀螟种类为三化螟[Scripophaga incertulas(Walker)]和大螟[Sesamia inferens(Walker)],其中早稻以大螟为主,晚稻则以三化螟占优;早、晚稻的螟害株密度从分蘖后期至乳熟期均呈先上升而后下降趋势,晚稻分蘖后期的螟害株密度明显高于早稻同生育期的,而早、晚稻的螟害株密度在孕穗期、抽穗期和乳熟期等同生育期间的差异不显著;用螟害零频率估计早、晚稻和早-晚稻螟害株密度的最优模型分别为Gerrard-Chiang模型m=1.164 9(-ln P0)1.045 4、双曲线函数模型m=-0.943 5+0.951 3/P0和m=-0.952 5+0.958 3/P0。应用这些模型在相应稻季可根据三化螟和大螟为害的零频率便捷、有效地估计螟害株密度。     

稀植条件下杂交稻分蘖成穗规律和穗粒结构研究

研究了19.5,13.5和7.5穴/m2 3个种植密度下杂交稻组合中优6号和两优培九不同时期的分蘖成穗规律和穗粒结构.结果表明,稀植促进分蘖发生,并导致最高分蘖期和有效分蘖期延迟,13.5和7.5穴/m2比19.5穴/m2的最高分蘖期分别推迟7和14 d;随种植密度下降,中后期发生的分蘖在茎蘖数中的比例提高,相应成穗率也提高;早期分蘖所成的穗与后期分蘖所成穗的每穗粒数差异较大,结实率差异较小,两者的产量差异主要由穗粒数差异引起;随种植密度下降,分蘖力较弱的组合产量显著下降,而分蘖力较强的组合产量没有差异.     

香蕉园斜纹夜蛾幼虫的空间分布格局和抽样技术

本研究以Iwao直线回归方程和Taylor幂法则,结合3种常用聚集度指标,对香蕉园斜纹夜蛾低龄（1~2龄）、中龄（3~4龄）和高龄（5~6龄）3个龄期幼虫进行空间分布分析。结果表明：香蕉园斜纹夜蛾幼虫的空间分布型与幼虫龄期密切相关,且随着虫龄的增长,其聚集强度逐渐减弱;1~4龄幼虫空间分布格局为聚集分布,个体间相互吸引,其聚集强度随密度的增大而增大;5~6龄幼虫空间分布型由聚集分布逐渐趋向于均匀分布,且个体间存在相互排斥。在此基础上,以中龄幼虫为依据,建立了香蕉园斜纹夜蛾幼虫的最适理论抽样公式n=(t²/D²)(1.978/m+3.5119)和最佳序贯抽样公式$T(n) = n{m_0} \pm 1.96\sqrt {n(1.978{m_0} + 3.5119m_0^2}$。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9创建osarf7突变体及其农艺性状调查

[目的]探究OsARF7基因在水稻生长发育中的生物学功能及其对水稻农艺性状的影响.[方法]利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,在粳稻中花11背景下对OsARF7进行定向编辑,获得OsARF7基因突变植株,并考查其农艺性状.[结果]获得22株T0代转基因株系,经PCR扩增潮霉素基因鉴定出20株阳性植株.提取T2代转基因植株的...     

A practical scheme for estimating swath width using ULV sprays

Starting from a simplified model of the aerial dispersion of ULV sprays released from an aircraft perpendicular to the wind direction, a scheme is described for evaluating the total deposition distribution occurring during multiswath spraying. In conditions of overlapping deposition patterns, it is shown that the average concentration generally increases with the downwind distance and is characterized by a pattern of peaks and troughs dependent on the lane spacing. By choosing a suitable reference level on the deposition distribution and matching it to a threshold dose D_t (the minimum area coverage incident on the top of a crop) an optimum swath width can be defined on the basis of minimizing the operational time per unit area sprayed. Estimates of the swath width ω can be obtained by evaluating the expression ω = CQ/ψD_t where C = 0·5 is a derived coefficient, Q is the spray volume emitted per unit distance of flight, and ψ is an overdose coefficient, dependent on meteorological factors—which guarantees D_t to a selected level of probability. For small droplets (diameter 70 μm) the previous expression is fairly insensitive to wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability. On an area basis, an overdose (applied dose/threshold dose) is required to take account of both variability in the wind structure and variations in the deposition distribution. A series of worked examples provide insight into the choice of swath width and the associated flying height and demonstrate the practical application of the analysis.     

双季水稻塑盘旱育抛栽基本苗公式的建立

观察了双季水稻塑盘旱育抛栽秧苗期和大田期分蘖的发生及成穗状况,发现水稻塑盘旱育抛栽不仅存在非同伸蘖现象,且同伸蘖的成穗与湿润水育秧移栽也有较大差异。据此对传统的水稻栽培基本苗公式进行了改进,拟合出了双季水稻塑盘旱育抛栽基本苗计算公式：早稻为X=Y/{(1+t1r1)\[1+(N-n-SN)Rr2\]+(SN-3-t1)R2r5};晚稻为X=Y/{(1+t1r1)\[1+(N-n-SN)Rr2\]+(N-n-SN-3)Rr2R1r3+ (SN-3-t1)R2r5}。其中：X—合理的基本苗;Y—单位面积适宜穗数;t1—单株带的所有分蘖数;r1—单株带的所有分蘖的成穗率;N—主茎总叶数;n—主茎伸长节间数;SN—抛栽时的秧苗叶龄值;R—有效分蘖节位上一次分蘖的发生率;r2— 一次分蘖的成穗率;R1—二次分蘖（除去秧苗所带分蘖上产生的二次分蘖）的发生率;r3—二次分蘖的成穗率;R2—抛栽后非同伸蘖发生率;r5—抛栽后非同伸蘖的成穗率。     

The effect of simulated rat damage on irrigated rice yield and compensation

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of simulated rat damage on grain yield in irrigated lowland rice in An Giang province, in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Rat damage was simulated by making a 45° cut at the base of the rice tillers about 3–5 cm above the soil surface. 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 25% and 50% of the tillers were removed at the tillering (25 days after sowing, DAS), panicle initiation (43 DAS), flowering (72 DAS) and ripening (87 DAS) stages. The total number of mature tillers, immature tillers and percent filled grains, the weight of 1000 grains and grain yields were recorded. The rice crop completely compensated by increased tillering and yield for tillers damaged up to 50% at the tillering stage. However, the damage and yield loss were highly variable. The ability of the rice crop to compensate at later stages progressively reduced. The implications for managing rat damage to rice crops are (1) rodent control activities should be applied before 10% of tillers are damaged at the tillering stage, and (2) a well balanced nitrogen supply during the tillering stage could potentially assist the rice plants to better compensate for rat damage.     

双季早稻养分积累分配特征及其与产量构成的相关性

三熟制模式下南方双季稻茬口衔接季节紧张是协调双季稻周年增产中存在的主要问题。虽然前人在三熟制模式下水稻品种搭配以及肥料利用率方面做了大量研究,但是三熟制模式下南方双季早稻产量及其养分积累分配相关性的研究鲜有报道。为了比较南方双季早稻养分积累分配特征,本文以15个水稻早稻品种为研究对象,对不同水稻品种的秧苗素质、基本苗及分蘖动态、经济性状、营养元素积累及分配、产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明,不同品种间秧苗素质存在显著差异,‘株两优819’的叶龄、苗高、百株鲜重等多项指标优于其他品种,秧苗素质表现佳。分蘖动态调查表明不同品种达到分蘖峰值的时间不同,其中以‘株两优929’的高峰苗最大,1 hm²达616.65万茎蘖数,‘株两优929’与‘中早39’高峰苗差异最为显著,‘株两优929’较‘中早39’显著增加33.62%。氮、磷、钾总养分的积累方面,‘株两优929’和‘陵两优942’养分积累量显著高于其他品种,分别为311.88 kg/hm²和376.35 kg/hm²。‘陵两优942’的地上部干物质积累量最高,为12 028.09 kg/hm²。‘株两优929’的实际产量最高,为7873.01 kg/hm²。成熟期水稻品种养分积累量与子粒产量的相关性分析表明,氮、磷积累与有效穗均呈显著正相关（r=0.62^*,r=0.50^*）,株高与千粒重之间呈极显著正相关（r=0.80^**）,有效穗数与每穗粒数之间呈极显著负相关（r=-0.76^**）,结实率与千粒重之间呈极显著负相关（r=-0.68^**）。通过关联度分析表明,‘陵两优942’和‘株两优929’的综合表现明显优于其他品种。本研究对南方多熟制稻区早稻品种筛选及高效栽培具有重要意义。     

水稻抽穗期基因OsDof6功能的初步研究

【目的】以前期通过穗发育芯片筛选到一个水稻Dof家族转录因子OsDof6为研究对象,进一步探究OsDof6的表达模式与生物学功能。【方法】对OsDof6的基因、蛋白及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对该基因进行定点编辑,通过实时定量PCR和亚细胞定位技术分析该基因的表达模式。【结果】对该基因的启动子序列分析表明,该基因启动子中存在大量与光响应、激素响应及胁迫响应相关的顺式调控元件。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了2种不同突变类型的功能缺失突变体9522^Dof6-3和9522^Dof6-4。对突变体T₁株系进行表型观察发现,相较于对照,两种突变体在营养生长阶段分蘖数明显降低,转入生殖生长阶段后,两种突变体的抽穗时间推迟约3 d。实时定量PCR结果显示OsDof6在水稻根、茎、叶和穗中均有不同程度的表达,在穗发育后期相对表达量明显提高;通过亚细胞定位分析发现OsDof6定位于细胞核。【结论】初步判断OsDof6基因会影响水稻分蘖数与抽穗期。     

水稻窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)的基因定位

利用⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射诱变籼稻恢复系中恢8015,获得了一份窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)。与野生型中恢8015相比,突变体叶片显著变窄内卷、株高降低、穗长变短、结实率降低、千粒重降低、粒长粒宽减小。细胞学分析表明,突变体维管束减少和泡状细胞不够饱满是导致叶片变窄卷曲的原因。遗传分析表明该突变体受一对隐性核基因控制,以窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)与粳稻品种02428杂交获得的F₂分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和新开发的InDel标记,将窄卷叶基因Nrl3(t)定位于第2染色体长臂标记C9和C10E之间约70.3 kb区间内。研究结果为该基因的克隆及进一步揭示水稻窄卷叶形成的分子机理奠定了基础。     

夏季全光照下3种大型卷瓣凤梨属植物光合日变化特征及与环境因子的关系

卷瓣凤梨属（Alcantarea）植物是凤梨科植物中较晚被引入中国的观赏凤梨之一,与目前国内常见的观赏凤梨商业品种不耐强光不同,卷瓣凤梨属植物较喜光,加上其体型硕大,既可观叶也可赏花,较适合应用于室外园林中。但是不同种和品种对光照的需求各有差异,特别是对于夏季室外全光照环境的耐受性尚未明确。为了研究不同卷瓣凤梨属植物对夏季强光和高温环境的适应性,以3种大型卷瓣凤梨的成熟植株为研究对象,运用Li-6400光合测定仪进行夏季全光照环境下光合特性日变化的测定,并进行光合生理指标与环境因子的相关性分析。3种卷瓣凤梨属植物在夏季高温季的日变化曲线都为双峰型,且都在8：00达到最高点,中午11：00出现谷底,其中帝王卷瓣凤梨（红叶型）的净光合速率（P_n）日变化曲线较为平缓,谷底高而浅,中午P_n显著高于其他2个种,表现出对夏季强光及伴随着的高温环境具有较强的耐受性,且9：00—13：00的P_n下降是由气孔限制引起的;‘优雅’和格拉齐卷瓣凤梨的P_n双峰曲线谷底较深,其中‘格拉齐’的P_n变化最为剧烈,在早晚光线和气温不太高的环境下具有较高的P_n,强光下光合作用下降明显,中午11：00到达谷底,次峰较高,出现在15：00;‘优雅’和‘格拉齐’在上午9：00—13：00的P_n下降是由非气孔限制引起的。气孔导度（G_s）是影响3种凤梨夏季全光照环境下P_n的主要光合生理指标,具有极显著或显著正相关性,但与其他光合生理指标及环境因子间相关系数较低,可能是各因素间存在交互影响所致。3种卷瓣凤梨中,帝王卷瓣凤梨（红叶型）对室外全光照环境的适应较强,植株生长正常,格拉齐卷瓣凤梨和‘优雅’卷瓣凤梨对强光比较敏感,其中‘格拉齐’叶色变黄,‘优雅’则发生叶丛中央的新叶不正常密集生长的现象,因此后2种更适合中午有一定荫蔽的环境,本研究为卷瓣凤梨属植物在室外园林中露地应用提供理论依据。     

水稻冷胁迫响应基因OsSADMC功能标记的开发和利用

通过对95份水稻种质资源进行苗期耐冷性鉴定,筛选出10份苗期耐冷(存活率≥60%)和9份冷敏感的材料(存活率为零),并对水稻冷胁迫响应基因OsSADMC进行了表达分析,发现对照和冷胁迫处理条件下该基因在耐冷品种中的表达量都显著高于冷敏感品种。对耐冷材料丽江新团黑谷(LTH)和冷敏感材料IR29的基因编码区域进行了克隆和测序分析,在两个品种间鉴定了10个SNP位点,其中第749碱基处存在的一个碱基变异(C突变为T),从而使丝氨酸变为亮氨酸。根据其中一个SNP位点设计了OsSADMC的功能标记SADMC-CAPS1,该标记可以准确地鉴定出19份耐冷性不同水稻种质资源OsSADMC的基因型和耐冷性。     

Clonal performance of perennial Oryza sativa/O. rufipogon selections and their combining ability with O. sativa cultivars for survival, stolon production and yield

In Southeast Asia, upland rice (Oryza sativa) is an annual crop typically grown for subsistence on hilly lands that are at risk for soil erosion. If perennial cultivars of upland rice were developed, they would provide farmers with an inexpensive tool to produce a preferred food while conserving soil. O. rufipogon, the undomesticated progenitor of O. sativa, includes perennial and stoloniferous forms. To evaluate the feasibility of developing perennial cultivars by combining genes of O. sativa and O. rufipogon, four trials were conducted in an upland field at IRRI: O. sativa/O. rufipogon F₁ clone and cutting height trial, F₂ family trial, and two O. sativa/stoloniferous-selection factorial mating design trials. Plants were established at the beginning of the rainy season, then subjected to a 6-month dry season and evaluated for survival after 1 year. Of the 2101 cultivar control plants, only three IR47686-1-4-B individuals survived and none produced stolons. The 18 F₁ clones, which were selected from previous trials with less drought stress, ranged in survival from 4.4 to 91.4%. Cutting height at harvest did not affect survival. Survival among the F₂ families ranged from 9.4 to 31.9%. Segregation for stolon presence did not differ from a 3:1 ratio for five of the six F₂ families, suggesting the effect of a single dominant gene. Average yields per plant for the F₂ families were 1/3 to 1/9 of yields for the cultivars. However, by crossing the F₁s to cultivars, yield potential was almost fully recovered. For the full-sib families of the factorial trials, survival ranged from 0.0 to 48.6%. Azucena and IR47686-1-4-B, both japonica cultivars, exhibited greater general combining ability for survival relative to the six other cultivar parents. Thus, the process of developing perennial cultivars of rice should include screening annual cultivars to identify those with the best combining ability for survival. To develop cultivars of perennial upland rice, drought avoidance and/or tolerance from annual upland cultivars must be combined with the capacity for perennial growth from wild perennial species. The frequency of stolonifereous testcross progeny was lower than expected and was affected by the O. sativa parent. Thus, additional genes likely affected stolon penetrance and expression. Analyses of covariance indicated that stolons improved the likelihood of survival for progenies of the factorial trials but the effect was small (b < 0.1), and that yield (g/plant) had a small negative effect on percent survival (b = −0.13 to −0.32). This study demonstrated that it was possible to introgress genes for perennial growth from wild O. rufipogon accessions into domesticated O. sativa. Additionally, strategies for developing perennial cultivars of upland rice were improved.     

Formula for Determining Number of Basic Seedlings at Scattered-Planting with Seedling Dry-Raised on Plastic Trays in Double-Season Rice

Effects of the population structure on the development and growth of rice were achieved via influence of the growth and development of individual rice. The dynamics of tillers, leaves, and dry matter accumulation per plant resulted in different yield form…     

温度和供氮形态对龙眼吸收氮素动力学的影响

研究龙眼幼苗在不同温度（10、15、20、25、30、35℃）和不同氮营养（硝态氮、3/4硝态氮+1/4铵态氮、1/2硝态氮+1/2铵态氮、1/4硝态氮+3/4铵态氮、铵态氮）供应条件下吸收氮素的动力学特征,比较龙眼吸氮能力变化,并探讨龙眼对氮形态的偏好性,为龙眼不同季节（物候期）选择适用氮肥形态提供依据。结果显示,温度和供氮形态对龙眼吸氮能力有显著影响（P<0.05）。在中低温度（10~25℃）等量供应硝态氮和铵态氮条件下,龙眼根系吸收氮素（硝态氮和铵态氮之和）的最大吸收速率（I_max）最高或较高,而亲和力（Am）和离子吸收补偿点（C_min）则随温度和氮形态变化不大,故此时龙眼吸氮能力强。在高温（30℃）且仅供应铵态氮时,根系具有最高I_max和A_m,同时C_min最低,最有利于龙眼吸氮。在极端高温（35℃）时将铵态氮和硝态氮以3∶1的比例配合供应,则I_max最高,A_m较高且C_min较低,有利龙眼对氮素的吸收。另外,等量硝态氮和铵态氮共存条件下,龙眼在低温（10~15℃）时吸收铵态氮的I_max更高、A_m更强而且C_min更低,明显偏好铵态氮;在中高温（20~35℃）时吸收硝态氮的I_max更高,但A_m更弱且C_min更高,对氮形态的偏好性不明显。对照华南龙眼生长物候期,建议在龙眼秋梢生长期施用铵态氮为主、硝态氮为辅;在花前至小果期可以1∶1的比例施用硝态氮和铵态氮;在果实膨大期,可全部施用铵态氮或以3∶1的比例施入铵态氮和硝态氮。     

施用光合菌对4种油茶品种生长及养分含量的影响

为给油茶的施肥管理提供科学依据,比较研究施用2种不同浓度的光合菌对不同品种油茶（‘海油1号’‘海油2号’‘海油3号’‘海油4号’）的生长、光合作用和叶片养分含量变化的影响。结果表明,除‘海油1号’外,其他油茶品种的苗高净生长量以光合菌稀释30倍最高;‘海油3号’的苗高和地径净生长量高于其他油茶品种。4个油茶品种的瞬时净光合速率随着光合菌浓度的增大呈先上升后下降趋势,也以光合菌稀释30倍最高;但4个油茶品种瞬时蒸腾速率在不同处理组间的变化存在差异。‘海油1号’‘海油2号’和‘海油4号’叶片N、K含量均随着光合菌浓度的增大呈上升趋势,而P含量则随着光合菌浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势。相关性分析结果显示,苗高与瞬时净光合速率、瞬时蒸腾速率呈极显著相关,与叶片TP含量显著相关;叶片TN含量与TK含量极显著相关。可见,施用光合菌能促进油茶的生长和提高光合作用及叶片元素含量,其通过影响叶片三要素含量和光合作用而影响苗木生长。     

姊妹系间杂交快速培育优良食味半糯粳稻新品种的育种效果

[目的]优良食味半糯粳稻由于食味品质优良,在长三角地区受到广大农户和消费者的青睐,已成为该地区优质稻米品牌打造的主力品种.为了加快新品种培育速度,我们尝试通过生育期不同的优良食味半糯粳稻姊妹系间杂交的方法培育半糯粳稻新品种.[方法]以来源于武香粳14/关东194的中熟晚粳稻南粳46(全生育期165～170 d)与迟熟中...     

Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Genes Conferring Resistance Against Bacterial Blight and Blast Diseases into Indian Rice Variety MTU1010

Two major bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes(Xa21 and xa13) and a major gene for blast resistance(Pi54) were introgressed into an Indian rice variety MTU1010 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Improved Samba Mahsuri(possessing Xa21 and xa13) and NLR145(possessing Pi54) were used as donor parents. Marker-assisted backcrossing was continued till BC2 generation wherein PCR based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Selected BC2F1 plants from both crosses, having the highest recoveries of MTU1010 genome(90% and 92%, respectively), were intercrossed to obtain intercross F1(ICF1) plants, which were then selfed to generate 880 ICF2 plants possessing different combinations of the BB and blast resistance genes. Among the ICF2 plants, seven triple homozygous plants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54) with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 82% to 92% were identified. All the seven ICF2 plants showed high resistance against the bacterial blight disease with a lesion lengths of only 0.53–2.28 cm, 1%–5% disease leaf areas and disease scoring values of ‘1' or ‘3'. The seven ICF2 plants were selfed to generate ICF3, which were then screened for blast resistance, and all were observed to be highly resistant to the diseases. Several ICF3 lines possessing high level of resistance against BB and blast, coupled with yield, grain quality and plant type on par with MTU1010 were identified and advanced for further selection and evaluation.