均布荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移近似计算及其效应分析

为了计算钢-混凝土组合梁的截面滑移及其对梁强度和刚度的影响。提出了具有界面滑移的钢-混凝土组合梁的总荷载及截面总弯矩由2部份组成。不考虑滑移的组合梁承担整体荷载及整体弯矩，能自由滑移的叠合梁承担局部荷载和局部弯矩。基于Bernoulli梁理论和抗剪连接件线性剪力-滑移模型。建立截面总弯矩分配的计算公式．给出均部荷载作用下简支组合梁的栓钉剪力及界面滑移近似计算公式。得到了考虑滑移的组合梁在弹性阶段截面弹性应力、跨中挠度的计算公式及挠度增大系数。     

改性亚麻纤维增强胶合木梁受弯性能试验

将天然亚麻纤维经纳米TiO2接枝制得改性亚麻纤维复合材料(FFRP),以云杉-松树-冷杉木板(SPF木板)为原材料制作24根尺寸为2 850 mm×50 mm×150 mm的胶合木梁试件,采用改性亚麻纤维复合材料通过顺向粘贴在梁底部、横向粘贴在梁侧面和底部(U型箍)的方式对胶合木梁进行增强。对8组试件进行三分点加载受弯试验,分析梁底部改性亚麻纤维复合材料粘贴方式(粘贴长度、粘贴层数、U型箍)对胶合木梁破坏形态、极限承载力、跨中挠度、截面应变的影响及粘贴FFRP对胶合木梁受弯性能的增强效果。结果表明:在不发生剥离破坏的前提下,底部粘贴长度对胶合木梁的抗弯性能影响不大。对于无箍胶合木梁,底部粘贴FFRP能够提高胶合木梁的抗弯承载力与刚度,但底部粘贴的层数不宜过多,粘贴层数过多反而会导致提高幅度有所下降;对于有箍胶合木梁,其抗弯承载力与抗弯刚度,均随着底部粘贴FFRP层数的增加而增大。当底部粘贴3层FFRP时,有箍和无箍胶合木梁的抗弯承载力与抗弯刚度相差不大,但有箍梁的延性得到明显提高;当底部粘贴6层FFRP时,有箍梁的抗弯承载力和抗弯刚度比无箍梁均有明显提高。U型箍可以改变胶合木梁的破坏形态,无箍胶合木梁的破坏形态同普通梁一样,为脆性破坏;而有箍梁的破坏形态为延性破坏,U型箍能够避免木材层板间开裂与横向撕裂,增强FFRP与梁底部木材的协调性能,提高胶合木梁的抗弯性能。     

新型自攻螺钉加固措施对胶合木梁受弯性能的影响

以云杉-松木-冷杉胶合木板材(SPF板材)为试验梁原材料,采用一种新型自攻螺钉加固胶合木梁的新方法(从梁底部旋入新型自攻螺钉以实现对普通胶合木梁的加固)制作了24根2850 mm(长)×50 mm(宽)×150 mm(高)的胶合木梁,进行三分点受弯试验,分析新型自攻螺钉不同的锚入深度、旋入角度和螺钉间距对胶合木梁受弯性能的影响。结果表明:新型自攻螺钉加固,可有效提高胶合木梁的极限承载能力,提高幅度在11.40%~71.40%不等,同时也可提高胶合木梁的刚度并减小跨中挠度变形,能够实现抑制和减缓胶合木梁脆性破坏。试验梁的承载能力与新型自攻螺钉锚入深度呈正相关,刚度随新型自攻螺钉锚入深度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;新型自攻螺钉的螺钉间距对试验梁的极限承载能力影响不大,但对刚度有较大的影响,在螺钉间距大于1倍的梁高时,刚度与螺钉间距呈负相关;45°旋钉加固梁的极限承载能力优于垂直旋钉加固梁,同时其刚度更好,可更好地抑制和减缓试验梁的脆性破坏。推荐加固方式:梁底45°旋钉,垂直锚入深度为2/3倍的梁高,螺钉间距为1倍梁高。     

2类典型偏振光束的非傍轴传输因子

运用傍轴矢量矩理论，对2类典型的偏振光束在非傍轴传输时的光束传输因子作了理论分析与数值计算，结果表明，在满足适当的条件时，光束传输因子可以小于1，并且当这2类偏振光束的二阶矩束腰相同且泪地0.54个波长时，存在相同的光束传输因子。该研究结果有助于加深对半导体激光束传输特性的认识，图3参9。     

Hanbury brown and twiss-type experiment with electrons

Fermion anti-bunching was directly observed by measuring the cross-covariance of the current fluctuations of partitioned electrons. A quantum point contact was used to inject single-mode electrons into a mesoscopic electron beam splitter device. The beam splitter output currents showed negative cross-covariance, indicating that the electrons arrived individually at the beam splitter and were randomly partitioned into two output channels. As the relative time delay between the outputs was changed, the observed ringing in the cross-covariance was consistent with the bandwidths used to monitor the fluctuations. The result demonstrates a fermion complement to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment for photons.     

基于几何非线性动力组合地基梁模型的漏粪地板自振特性

针对农业工程中猪舍漏粪地板的动力响应问题,采用静力分析方法,对漏粪地板进行自振特性进行研究。在考虑地基的压缩和剪切刚度、梁的弯曲和剪切变形、运动的平动和转动惯性力以及轴力的二阶效应的基础上,建立了几何非线性压剪平转动Timoshenko弹性地基梁动力基本方程,并给出了动力位移和内力方程;提出了组合地基梁的自振特性分析方法,对典型猪舍漏粪地板自振周期及振型进行了计算。结果表明：组合地基梁的周期及振型规律明显异于普通梁;不同结构参数对漏粪地板自振周期的影响程度各不相同：端部缝间板条不改变振动特性;支承长度和地基刚度作用显著;剪切变形、转动惯性力和地基剪切刚度引起的偏差较小,可忽略其影响。本研究建立的几何非线性动力组合地基梁模型能够用于猪舍漏粪地板舒适性验算和动力安全性设计。     

对双轴晶体的双折射现象的电磁理论解释

自然界的晶体多是双轴的,与单轴晶体一样,一束入射光在双轴晶体中一般也分成两束折射光,其振动面互相垂直,但这两束光都不遵从折射定律,且传播速度都随方向而变,一般不在入射面内,只有在晶体中的两个方向上,无论光的振动面有怎样的取向,它们的传播速度都相同,入射光不再分为两束,此即双轴晶体名称的由来。长期以来,一般书籍很少系统的讨论这一问题。本文应用电磁理论,从特殊情形出发来分析研究双轴晶体的双折射现象,这对于双轴晶体的理论研究具有一定的意义。     

部分波形钢腹板预应力连续组合梁性能分析

针对预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区混凝土板预应力效率低、钢腹板易发生局部屈曲等问题,提出了在负弯矩区梁段采用波形钢腹板代替平面钢腹板的混合设计方法.采用理论计算和有限元分析方法,对部分波形钢腹板预应力连续组合梁的受力和变形性能进行分析,并与传统的预应力连续组合梁对比.研究结果表明,混合设计方法充分利用波形钢腹板轴向刚度低、抗屈曲能力强的特点,显著提高连续组合梁负弯矩区混凝土板的预应力效率和开裂荷载,尤其适用于大、中跨径的预应力连续组合梁结构.     

Two-dimensional x-ray waveguides and point sources

We show that resonant coupling of synchrotron beams into suitable nanostructures can be used for the generation of coherent x-ray point sources. A two-dimensionally confining x-ray waveguide structure has been fabricated by e-beam lithography. By shining a parallel undulator beam onto the structure, a discrete set of resonant modes can be excited in the dielectric cavity, depending on the two orthogonal coupling angles between the beam and the waveguide interfaces. The resonant excitation of the modes is evidenced from the characteristic set of coupling angles as well as the observed far-field pattern. The x-ray nanostructure may be used as coherent x-ray point sources with a beam cross section in the nanometer range.     

张弦及加载方式对预应力胶合木梁受弯性能的影响

采用一点张弦一点加载、一点张弦两点加载、两点张弦一点加载、两点张弦两点加载等4种不同的张弦加载方式,对4组12根预应力胶合木梁进行受弯试验,分析4种不同张弦和加载方式对预应力胶合木梁受弯性能的影响。结果表明:在预加力数值一定的前提下,加载点相同时,改变张弦方式对胶合木梁的极限承载力影响不大;张弦点相同时,两点加载比一点加载胶合木梁的极限承载力提高28.8%~38.9%;只有两点张弦两点加载时,梁顶受压区出现褶皱、梁底发生延性受拉破坏,其余破坏形态均为梁底脆性受拉破坏;加载过程中,两点加载较一点加载梁刚度略有提高、可使木材的抗压强度发挥更为充分,提高木材与钢丝的利用率。     

Tunable supercurrent through semiconductor nanowires

Nanoscale superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices are assembled from indium arsenide semiconductor nanowires individually contacted by aluminum-based superconductor electrodes. Below 1 kelvin, the high transparency of the contacts gives rise to proximity-induced superconductivity. The nanowires form superconducting weak links operating as mesoscopic Josephson junctions with electrically tunable coupling. The supercurrent can be switched on/off by a gate voltage acting on the electron density in the nanowire. A variation in gate voltage induces universal fluctuations in the normal-state conductance, which are clearly correlated to critical current fluctuations. The alternating-current Josephson effect gives rise to Shapiro steps in the voltage-current characteristic under microwave irradiation.     

Visualization and Transport of Positron Emission from Proton Activation in vivo

Heavy charged particle beams can be widely used for cancer therapy if control in heterogeneous tissue is proved practical. A beam of protons at 200 million electron volts has been visualized in plastic and in a living animal by using an on-line positron camera. The fraction of the activity retained in the radiation site was found to be at least 70 percent of that produced in a dead animal. The sensitivity of the technique was established for a typical geometry.     

Entangled images from four-wave mixing

Two beams of light can be quantum mechanically entangled through correlations of their phase and intensity fluctuations. For a pair of spatially extended image-carrying light fields, the concept of entanglement can be applied not only to the entire images but also to their smaller details. We used a spatially multimode amplifier based on four-wave mixing in a hot vapor to produce twin images that exhibit localized entanglement. The images can be bright fields that display position-dependent quantum noise reduction in their intensity difference or vacuum twin beams that are strongly entangled when projected onto a large range of different spatial modes. The high degree of spatial entanglement demonstrates that the system is an ideal source for parallel continuous-variable quantum information protocols.     

配筋砼简支梁桥的动载测试分析

应用简支梁振动理论、推导出由冲南喷激振作用下测得的 支梁桥的自振频率f0以此得出各主梁在外荷载作用下的跨中挠度的计算方法，并对两座配筋砼简支梁桥的动载试验数据进行了实例计算，将计算结果，与采静载试验得得的跨中挠度进行了比较，二者符合情况良好，这表明采用既经济又简便的动载测试方法来确定等截面简支梁刚度是可行的。     

集中荷载下钢木组合梁试验研究及有限元分析

【目的】用钢材替代工字型木梁的腹板部分以解决纯木梁腹板易剪切破坏、抗弯刚度低的问题,有助于减小构件尺寸,增加其在大跨度建筑中的应用。【方法】在H型钢上下翼缘各覆一层木材并使用螺栓连接制备组合梁。对11根组合梁开展三点弯曲试验,研究螺栓间距、剪跨比对组合梁破坏模式、刚度和承载力的影响。通过4个推出试验研究钢木界面滑移对组合梁性能的影响。【结果】钢木组合梁的抗弯刚度比相同截面尺寸的矩形木梁提高了201%;H型钢在集中荷载作用下易发生上翼缘的局部屈曲,剪跨比为2时,试件出现脆性破坏特征,破坏始于上层木材,随着剪跨比增大,试件由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,木材最先破坏位置由上层木材转变为下层木材;剪跨比增大时,组合梁抗弯刚度减小,延性系数增大,峰值荷载下降了15%以上;螺栓间距增大时,组合梁抗弯刚度增大,延性系数减小,峰值荷载上升了15%以上。考虑钢木界面滑移的屈服承载力和跨中挠度的计算公式具有较高的准确性,所得计算值与试验值误差基本在10%以内;由材性试验获取材性参数,在此基础上使用ABAQUS软件建立考虑钢木界面滑移的有限元模型,模拟结果较为准确,组合梁抗弯刚度和屈服荷载的模拟值与试验值误差基...     

新型组合连梁的基本动力特性研究

对分别采用钢筋混凝土连梁、钢连梁与新型组合连梁的高层建筑结构进行对比,采用ANSYS软件建立试验模型,进行模拟试验,研究新型组合连梁对结构动力性能-自振频率的影响．结果表明,在高层建筑中,采用新型组合连梁较采用钢连梁结构方案,其自振频率高,改善了核心简体即连肢剪力墙的工作性能．     

All-optical switching in rubidium vapor

We report on an all-optical switch that operates at low light levels. It consists of laser beams counterpropagating through a warm rubidium vapor that induce an off-axis optical pattern. A switching laser beam causes this pattern to rotate even when the power in the switching beam is much lower than the power in the pattern. The observed switching energy density is very low, suggesting that the switch might operate at the single-photon level with system optimization. This approach opens the possibility of realizing a single-photon switch for quantum information networks and for improving transparent optical telecommunication networks.     

双肢墙连续化位移法分析水平荷载作用

本文将连梁简化为连续肢片,并考虑变形由剪切效应和弯曲效应两部分组成。其中,弯曲效应又分为服从平截面假设的纯弯曲和由连梁剪切弯曲而引起的翘曲;而剪切效应仅考虑墙肢各层段的局部剪切弯曲,不包含连梁的剪切弯曲。同时,考虑连梁的反弯点出现在中点。按此,用最小势能原理导出了受侧向水平荷载作用下双肢墙的连续化位移法控制微分方程。本文假设翘曲位移函数按各墙肢的形心坐标在各自墙肢截面上均布,而保持墙肢轴力与其静面矩成比例的关系。该控制微分方程求解简便。算出过孔口中心横截面上的正应力后,就可按平衡关系算出各杆的剪力。本法对双肢墙有很好的精度。     

带电粒子束在真空中传输时的扩散研究

根据相对论力学对带电粒子束在其自生场作用下通过外层空间的真空中传输时束的扩散进行了研究。提出了一种计算粒子束径向半径扩散的方法；计算并讨论了粒子束类型、能量、流强和出口初始半径等各种因素对束扩散的影响；得出了尽可能减少粒子束扩散的束参数，所得结果同现有公布的数据相符合。     

用无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法分析弹性地基上的梁

利用无网格局部彼得洛夫－伽辽金法求解了弹性地基上的浅梁。给出了简支梁和固支梁的位移和能量的索波列夫模及其相对误差。计算结果表明，这种方法具有稳定性好、收敛快且精度高的优点。