益生菌发酵豆粕制备生物活性饲料的研究

利用纳豆芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌TQ33对豆粕进行固态发酵。结果表明:最适发酵工艺为先接纳豆芽孢杆菌,发酵12h后再接凝结芽孢杆菌,接种量为10%,两菌比例为1:1,发酵基质中豆粕与麸皮质量比为7:3,初始含水量为40%,初始pH值自然,37℃发酵48h;发酵豆粕饲料的蛋白水解度为20.14%,其中大多数肽类的相对分子质量在620～1242之间;TI降解率达95%,产品中含纳豆芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g,凝结芽孢杆菌9.2×107cfu/g,此外,还含有蛋白酶、短肽和乳酸等生物活性物质。     

增殖纳豆芽孢杆菌的豆渣培养基的优化

以豆渣为基质增殖纳豆芽孢杆菌,考察了豆渣含量、NaCl含量、初始pH值和碳源等对纳豆芽孢杆菌生长的影响,采用正交实验设计优化了培养基组成。结果表明:发酵培养基的最佳组成(W/V)为12.5%豆渣、NaCl0.35%和麸皮0.3%,初始pH值6.0;用此培养基发酵,发酵液活菌数达到12.5×108CFU/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵黄芪提取液培养基优化研究

为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵黄芪提取物的最佳培养基以及防腐剂对枯草芽孢杆菌存活率的影响,试验采用正交设计对培养基配方进行优化,并进行了扩大培养试验;用单因子试验法测定了枯草芽孢杆菌存活率。结果表明:培养基黄芪生药含量为0.5 g/mL,每100 mL培养基中含豆粕2.0 g、玉米2.0 g、麸皮2.5 g时枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数最多,可达到8.34×10~8cfu/mL,芽孢率大于90%。与摇瓶培养相比,发酵罐培养可以明显提高枯草芽孢杆菌的活菌数,为1.86×10~9cfu/mL。发酵液中添加一定量的防腐剂,经长时间保存后枯草芽孢杆菌的存活率均较高,约为95%。     

饲用纳豆芽孢杆菌AJ138生产工艺研究

以纳豆芽孢杆菌AJ138为材料,在摇瓶水平,考察改变营养条件及培养条件对纳豆芽孢杆菌高密度培养及芽孢形成率的影响,并最终确定纳豆芽孢杆菌的最优工艺条件:葡萄糖15、大豆饼粉10、(NH4)2SO45、Na2HPO4 1、NaH2PO4 1、NaCl 5、FeCl2 0.02、MgCl2 0.2、MnCl2 0.15和CaCl20.2 g/L,初始pH7的培养基,培养温度37℃,接种量4%。在该工艺条件下,50 L发酵罐,装液量75%,培养时间36 h,纳豆芽孢杆菌AJ318细胞数达30.5亿CFU/mL,芽孢数29.8亿CFU/mL,芽孢率达到97.7%。     

地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01发酵培养基的优化

通过正交实验对地衣芽孢杆菌TS-01的发酵培养基在摇瓶中进行了优化。研究发现:当培养基中葡萄糖为20g/l、豆饼粉为70g/l、玉米浆为7g/l时,发酵液中活菌数高于其它配比的培养基,达9.6×108cfu/ml。     

腐竹副产物豆渣固态发酵生产益生菌工艺优化

研究旨在将低值的腐竹副产物豆渣转化为富含益生菌的生物发酵饲料。以腐竹生产过程的副产物——豆渣为固态发酵主培养基,通过复配其他辅助组分后,接种枯草芽孢杆菌进行固态发酵。实验通过单因素和正交实验研究了豆渣麸皮比、接种量、发酵pH值、发酵温度、发酵时间等指标对发酵效果的影响。结果表明:最佳复配比例为豆渣:麸皮为8:2,枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液接种量为15%,发酵温度为35℃,发酵初始pH值为6.8,发酵时间为3d。发酵后的豆渣营养价值和风味品质得到一定程度的提高,活性芽孢数达1.25×10~(10)cfu/g,胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性极显著下降(P0.01)。     

培养条件对纳豆芽孢杆菌芽孢形成的影响

为了提高纳豆芽孢杆菌芽孢形成率及芽孢数量,在摇瓶、15L自动发酵罐中考察了营养条件、pH值、接种量、溶氧水平对纳豆芽孢杆菌液体培养形成芽孢的影响。结果表明,芽孢形成的最适培养基组成为:葡萄糖15g/l、大豆饼粉10g/l、KH2PO43g/l、NaCl5g/l、MnSO4·H2O0.4g/l,pH值7.0,接种后最适起始芽孢浓度为106个/ml,控制溶氧水平不低于30%,培养20h,芽孢数量可达7.7×109个/ml,芽孢率达98%以上。     

一株产抗单增李斯特菌细菌素的枯草芽孢杆菌C3产芽孢条件的优化

枯草芽孢杆菌C3可产抗单核细胞增生李斯特菌的细菌素,有良好的抗逆性,具备开发为微生态饲料制剂的潜力。为提高该菌的芽孢数量和产孢率,对其产芽孢条件进行优化。通过单因素试验及正交试验对枯草芽孢杆菌C3的产孢培养基和培养条件进行研究。结果表明,优化后的产芽孢培养基为麸皮1.0%,花生饼粉1.0%,CaCl_2 1.0%,pH 7.5;优化后的培养条件为装液量50 m L/250 m L,接种量2.0%,摇床温度40℃,160 r/min,培养时间36 h。在优化条件下,芽孢数达41.60亿CFU/m L,产孢率为91.42%。     

犊牛饲用纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养条件的优化

纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌作为犊牛直接饲用微生物对增强犊牛机体免疫和促进胃肠发育有益,然而以豆类物质为发酵底物的微生物制剂不适用于犊牛。本研究采用纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养方法,对培养条件的氮源、碳源、接菌量、装液量、转速和温度进行正交试验,结果表明,在葡萄糖1%、蔗糖1%、大豆蛋白胨6%、胰蛋白胨4%、接种量2%、装液量5ml/dl、180r/min、37℃的培养条件下,发酵24h时,660nm吸光度值达到1.1475。而后进行不同装液量试验,结果表明1000ml容器装液量为400ml时,菌体细胞数量达到最高(4.6×1010个/ml)。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌增殖培养的研究

试验采用单因素法和响应面法对一株纳豆芽孢杆菌的液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化。最终培养基成分:蔗糖29.42 g/l、酵母粉8.13 g/l、柠檬酸钠1.0 g/l、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g/l、K2HPO44.0 g/l、KH2PO46.0 g/l、初始pH值7.23;最佳培养条件:装液量50 ml/250 ml、接种量3%、发酵温度40℃、转速200 r/min、发酵时间11 h,纳豆芽孢杆菌活菌数达到7.5×109cfu/ml。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.