施肥量和播种密度对陇东优质冬小麦灌浆期生理特性的影响

为明确施肥量和种植密度对优质小麦灌浆期生理特性的影响, 采用多因素随机区组设计试验方法, 对优质冬小麦"陇鉴301"的籽粒灌浆期生理特性进行了研究, 并就施肥量、种植密度2因素进行了方差分析.结果表明: 不同肥密水平对小麦灌浆进程均产生影响.中肥高密度处理对小麦灌浆最有利, 高肥高密度处理下产量最高, 为4 188.09 kg·hm-2.肥密水平对冬小麦3项光合指标均产生影响, 但影响的具体程度因光合指标和处理而异, 高密度中肥处理有利于提高叶片光合速率, 高密度高肥处理有利于提高叶片蒸腾速率, 高肥水平则有利于提高叶片的气孔导度.灌浆、产量及生理特性的肥密互作效应达极显著水平, 且具有正向的互作值.为提高小麦产量, 生产上应依据品种特性来协调确定施肥量和种植密度.     

肥密水平对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响

为确定施肥量和种植密度对不同品种小麦灌浆特性的影响, 采用多因素随机区组设计试验方法, 对优质冬小麦“陇鉴301”、“宁麦5号”和“1R17”的籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究, 应用Logistic方程对灌浆进程进行了拟合, 并就施肥量、种植密度和品种3因素进行了方差分析。结果表明：不同肥密水平下小麦灌浆进程符合Logistic生长曲线, 呈“慢－快－慢”“S”型变化。肥密水平对3品种12项灌浆参数均产生影响, 但影响的具体参数和影响程度因品种而异。在高密度高肥处理下, “陇鉴301”、“宁麦5号”较为适应, 产量最高（4 188.09 kg·hm^-2, 3 789.89 kg·hm^-2）;高密度中肥处理下, “1R17”最为适应, 产量最高（3 018.18 kg·hm^-2）, 且灌浆过程达到最佳状态。不同品种肥密互作效应达极显著水平, 具有正向的互作值。为提高小麦产量, 生产上应依据不同基因型品种的特性来确定施肥量和种植密度。     

北部冬麦区主栽品种光合产物贮运特性研究

为解析北部冬麦区小麦品种光合产物积累与转运遗传特性,以近20年内主要推广的7个小麦品种为材料,通过两年两点田间试验,研究不同品种的生长发育生理动态、不同营养器官干物质积累分配、收获指数及籽粒产量.结果 表明,收获指数和生物量对产量有显著影响.中麦816和中麦175具有较高产量潜力,分别为4923.0 kg·hm-2和4...     

不同密度下增施有机肥对夏玉米物质生产及产量构成的影响

本研究在夏玉米季适当降低种植密度并连续两年施用有机肥,旨在了解黄淮海地区夏玉米群体物质累积和产量构成对有机肥施用量和种植密度的响应,从而降低倒伏风险,确保稳产、高产。试验采用随机区组设计,设高、中、低3个种植密度,分别为90 000株·hm-2、75 000株·hm-2和60 000株·hm-2,3个种植密度下设不同的有机肥施用量处理,其中高密度下设30 m3·hm-2一种施肥量,中密度下设30 m3·hm-2一种施肥量,低密度下设0 m3·hm-2、30 m3·hm-2和45 m3·hm-23种施肥量。研究结果表明:施用有机肥可以有效改善土壤肥力。施用有机肥第1年,在中、低密度下对玉米干物质生产、群体生长速率和产量构成均产生一定的促进作用,但效果不显著。施用有机肥第2年,低密度下玉米群体衰老速率减缓,叶面积指数和棒三叶叶绿素相对含量在生育后期均维持在较高水平,花后群体生长速率维持在较高水平,且与中高密度无显著差异,群体花后生物量增加幅度最大,成熟期地上部总生物量显著提高甚至接近中高密度。低密度下施用有机肥后穗粒数和千粒重均大幅度提高,从而有效补偿了低密度下穗数的不足,最终低密度下施用45 m3·hm-2有机肥处理产量达10 838 kg·hm-2,与中、高密度下施用30 m3·hm-2有机肥处理的产量11 080 kg·hm-2和11 202 kg·hm-2基本持平且差异不显著。由此可见,通过适度降低密度并增施有机肥能够有效合理地调控群体花前花后生长,避免前期旺长和后期早衰,实现保穗保花增重增产的目的。     

施氮量和行距对冬小麦产量及生理特性的影响

为探明不同栽培措施对小麦产量的调控差异,以强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦中麦8号为试验材料,采用三因素裂区设计,以施氮量为主区,设150、210、270 kg·hm-23个水平;以行距为裂区,设12、20cm 2个水平;以供试品种为小裂区,设济麦20和中麦8号2个水平,在高产栽培条件下研究不同施氮量和行距对冬小麦产量的影响及其生理基础。结果表明,济麦20和中麦8号,2种小麦籽粒产量均在270kg·hm-2施氮量水平下得到显著提高;在210 kg·hm-2或270 kg·hm-2施氮量条件下,20 cm行距更有利于2个小麦品种高产的形成。随着施氮量增加或行距增大,2个小麦品种旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率均在270 kg·hm-2施氮量和20 cm行距条件下保持较高值,可积累更多光合产物,为实现高产奠定基础。因此,本试验条件下,济麦20和中麦8号均在270 kg·hm-2施氮量、20cm行距组合下达到高产。本研究得到了小麦高产的最佳施氮量和行距组合,这对我国冬小麦高产栽培具有一定的指导意义。     

施氮量与行距对冬小麦品质性状的调控效应

在当今小麦产量不断提高的同时,籽粒品质逐渐受到人们的重视,不同的栽培措施会对小麦籽粒品质产生一定影响。为探明施氮量与行距互作对强、中筋小麦品质的调控效应及小麦类型间差异,于2013—2014年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所中圃场试验田,以强筋小麦‘济麦20’和中筋小麦‘中麦8号’为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,以施氮量(150 kg·hm-2、210 kg·hm-2、270 kg·hm-2)为主区,行距(12 cm、20 cm)为裂区,供试品种为小裂区,研究田间高产栽培条件下不同施氮量和行距配置对不同类型冬小麦品质的影响。结果表明,‘济麦20’和‘中麦8号’花后蛋白质积累量、成熟期籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量均随施氮量和行距增加而显著提高,且在低氮条件下施氮效果较为显著。在270 kg·hm-2施氮量水平下,增大行距对2个小麦品种灌浆后期籽粒蛋白质积累量的影响存在显著差异。在20 cm行距条件下,210 kg·hm-2施氮量有利于强筋小麦‘济麦20’硬度、出粉率、湿面筋含量、沉降值及粉质参数等品质指标的改善,而270 kg·hm-2施氮量能够有效提高中筋小麦‘中麦8号’磨粉品质和粉质参数;2个筋型小麦面包体积和面包评分均随着施氮量的增加而升高,而2个小麦品种容重随施氮量的增加而显著下降。当施氮量在150 kg·hm-2以上时,增大行距,‘济麦20’和‘中麦8号’加工品质均能够显著提升,即在20 cm行距水平下2个筋型小麦加工品质较好。适当的施氮量和合理的行距配置能够提高小麦籽粒品质,本试验条件下,‘济麦20’和‘中麦8号’籽粒品质在行距20 cm、施氮量分别为210 kg·hm-2和270 kg·hm-2时达到最优。说明适当增加施氮量和增大行距均有利于强、中筋冬小麦品质的改善。     

品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响

以25年来长期定位施肥试验构建不同土壤肥力梯度为平台,研究品种演替过程中籽粒产量和磷效率对土壤肥力的响应。结果表明,各施肥处理,随品种演替小麦籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势,其中郑麦0856的产量最高(8 157. 3kg·hm-2),郑麦7698次之,豫麦13的产量最低(5 915. 39 kg·hm-2);不施肥处理(CK)则下降。无论施肥或不施肥处理,100 kg小麦籽粒对磷素的需求量均随品种的演替呈上升趋势。此外,随品种演替,磷的生理效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,郑麦941 (172. 48 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最高,郑麦9023 (145. 79 kg·kg-1)、郑麦7698 (130. 51kg·kg-1)和郑麦0856 (147. 65 kg·kg-1)次之,三者之间差异不明显,豫麦13 (66. 71 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最低;同一品种,单施化肥处理(NPK)小麦磷生理效率显著高于其他施肥处理(MNPK、1. 5MNPK和SNPK)(豫麦13除外)。同时,品种演变明显提高了磷农学效率;但在施肥条件下,继续增施肥料和养分投入使豫麦13、郑麦941、郑麦7698和郑麦9023的磷农学效率降低;而郑麦0856的农学效率随着土壤肥力的增加而增加,与籽粒产量协同提升。因此,黄淮海地区小麦品种演替在土壤肥力养分充足时籽粒产量显著提高,磷效率也呈增加的趋势。     

豫东潮土氮钾营养对强筋小麦干物质积累和产量的影响

在豫东潮土区壤质土壤上,研究了在施用磷肥的基础上,施用氮肥和钾肥对强筋小麦干物质积累量、小麦产量的影响.结果表明,增施氮肥和钾肥都可以提高小麦干物质积累量,尤其在拔节至抽穗期单株干物质积累速度最快;N用量为282.5kg·hm-2,K2O用量为270kg·hm-2时更有利于强筋小麦抽穗期对养分的需求;从产量上看,N 180～270 kg·hm-2,K2O 225～300 kg·hm-2为合适施肥量.     

施用启动肥对土壤特性、玉米生长及产量的影响

研究了滴灌条件下施用启动肥对石灰性土壤特性和玉米产量的影响.供试玉米品种为新玉109号,在全生育期等磷量下,设置了启动肥不同用量[0 kg·hm-2(CF,对照)、45 kg·hm-2(SF3.0)、90 kg·hm-2(SF6.0)、135 kg·hm-2(SF9.0)]的田间试验,研究启动肥施用量对土壤特性、玉米产...     

不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻旌优127产量及稻米品质的影响

为明确不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻产量形成和稻米品质的影响,以旌优127为试验材料,研究了2种施氮量(中等施氮量MN,120 kg·hm-2;高等施氮量HN,180 kg·hm-2)和3个移栽密度(12.0、16.5、22.5穴·m-2,记作D1、D2、D3)下,德阳、泸州生态点杂交稻产量、产量构成、干物质生产、稻米品质的变化。结果表明,德阳点土壤全氮、碱解氮含量高于泸州点,德阳点播种至齐穗平均太阳辐射、最高温度、最低温度均高于泸州点,但其齐穗至成熟平均太阳辐射、最高温度、最低温度低于泸州点。与泸州点相比,德阳点杂交稻产量、糙米率和精米率分别增加了14.3%~24.3%、0.9%~1.9%和0.7%~5.3%,其增产优势主要表现在有效穗、每穗粒数、生物产量和收获指数上。不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻产量形成和稻米品质的影响不同。德阳点杂交稻产量随施氮量增加而减少,相同施氮量水平下杂交稻产量随移栽密度的增加而增加,以MND3产量最高,为10.87~11.72 t·hm-2,且该密肥组合下碾米的品质、外观、食味相对较好。泸州点杂交稻产量随施氮量和移栽密度的增加而增加,以HND3产量最高,达到9.25~9.85 t·hm-2,碾米的品质、食味相对较好。德阳点的最佳密肥组合为120 kg·hm-2和22.5穴·m-2;泸州点的密肥组合为180 kg·hm-2和22.5穴·m-2。由此可见,合理的施氮量和适宜的移栽密度有助于提高杂交稻产量和稻米品质。本研究结果为不同生态稻区肥料优化管理和合理密植提供了理论依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.