蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征诱因及其营养调控措施

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征是一种营养代谢疾病,多发于产蛋高峰期蛋鸡.本文综述了诱发蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的主要因素及降低蛋鸡脂肪肝的营养调控措施.     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的病因及其发病机理

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合症是一种营养代谢性疾病。它是由于鸡产蛋高峰期机体代谢旺盛 ,引起脂肪代谢紊乱 ,导致极低密度脂蛋白合成及转运受阻 ,使肝脏中合成的脂肪酸不能排出 ,造成甘油三酯在肝细胞内过度沉积。它导致青年蛋鸡不明原因的产蛋率下降和死亡率上升。本文对脂肪肝发病的症状、病因、发病机理进行综述     

甜菜碱对蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的防治研究

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征是一种营养代谢性疾病,主要是由于鸡产蛋高峰期机体代谢旺盛,引起脂肪代谢紊乱,导致极低密度脂蛋白合成及转运受阻,使肝脏中合成的脂肪酸不能排出,造成甘油三酯在肝细胞内过度沉积。甜菜碱作为一种多功能新型饲料添加剂,具有调节蛋鸡脂肪代谢、改善蛋鸡的生产性能等疗效。本文综述了甜菜碱的理化性质、蛋鸡的脂肪代谢、甜菜碱促进脂肪代谢、甜菜碱对蛋鸡脂肪肝防治的应用,为甜菜碱在养鸡生产上的广泛应用和进一步理论研究提供科学依据。     

甜菜碱对蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的防治研究

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征是一种营养代谢性疾病,主要是由于鸡产蛋高峰期机体代谢旺盛,引起脂肪代谢紊乱,导致极低密度脂蛋白合成及转运受阻,使肝脏中合成的脂肪酸不能排出,造成甘油三酯在肝细胞内过度沉积。甜菜碱作为一种多功能新型饲料添加剂,具有调节蛋鸡脂肪代谢、改善蛋鸡的生产性能等疗效。本文综述了甜菜碱的理化性质、蛋鸡的脂肪代谢、甜菜碱促进脂肪代谢、甜菜碱对蛋鸡脂肪肝防治的应用,为甜菜碱在养鸡生产上的广泛应用和进一步理论研究提供科学依据。     

产蛋鸡脂肪肝的防治

产蛋鸡脂肪肝又称脂肪肝综合征(FLS)或脂肪肝出血性综合征(FLH S),是产蛋鸡常见的一种营养代谢病,主要发生在营养良好、体重较大,但产蛋率较低的鸡群。产蛋前期表现为产蛋高峰期上升慢,峰值较低;发病死亡主要集中在高峰期过后。连续不断地零星死亡是本病特征,极易被忽视和误诊。产蛋全期死亡率可达5%～10%,损失较大。1病因探讨1.1营养过剩肝脏是物质代谢的重要器官,在蛋白质、脂肪、糖类的消化吸收、分解合成和转化利用等过程中起着关键作用,并能进行相当数量的储存。营养过剩是指鸡采食饲料中的营养数量超出正常的生活、生产消耗量和储…     

产蛋鸡脂肪肝出血性综合征的病因及防治

<正>产蛋鸡脂肪肝,又称脂肪肝综合征(Fatty Liver Syndrome,FLS)或脂肪肝出血性综合征(Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome,FLHS),是一种产蛋鸡常见的营养代谢性疾病。它主要是脂肪在肝细胞内过分堆     

肌肉组织的营养代谢调控

肌肉组织的营养代谢主要包括肌肉组织的能量代谢,蛋白质代谢及肌内脂肪的合成与分解代谢。在其代谢过程中受到营养和内分泌及相关基因的调控。猪的肌肉组织营养代谢是猪肉品质的决定因素之一,本文就其作一综述。     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合症防治措施

<正>蛋鸡脂肪肝综合症是一种营养代谢性疾病。主要引起蛋鸡不明原因的产蛋下降和死亡率上升,引起鸡肝脏发生脂肪变性、出血,有时导致急性死亡为特征的营养代谢性疾病。近年来,在养鸡业追求高效生产的条件下,该病的发生呈逐年增高的趋势,主要发生于蛋鸡,特别是笼养蛋鸡的产蛋高峰期,直接影响家禽业的经济效益,而越来越引起人们的高度重视。1发病机理鸡肝脏是合成体内脂肪的最主要场     

中药复方制剂对高产蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的防治研究

鸡脂肪肝综合征(fatty liver syndrome of chicken,FLS)又称脂肪肝出血综合征,是由于营养障碍、内分泌失调、代谢紊乱导致肝脏脂肪过度沉积而引起的一种脂肪代谢发生障碍的营养代谢性疾病。该病主要是由于长期饲喂含碳水化合物过高的高能日粮,同时饲料中缺乏蛋氨酸和胆碱等嗜脂因子,使肝脏从中性脂肪合成磷脂的过程发生障碍,从而在肝脏内沉积,     

脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)的致病因素

脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS),又名脂肪肝综合征(FLS)或脂肪肝肾综合征(FLKS),是一种以肝脏脂肪变性为特征的营养代谢性疾病。多发于蛋鸡,尤其是笼养蛋鸡的产蛋高峰期。有人认为这是由于高产蛋鸡合成产品(鸡蛋)时,相应的加大了肝脏的代谢功能,造成了满负荷或超负荷运转,致使肝实质结构发生变性,呈现肝脏肿胀出血现象。本病的发病率一般较低,通     

填饲饲粮对水禽肥肝形成的影响

甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)的沉积可能是水禽肥肝形成的重要原因,而很多因素均与TG的积累密切相关。本文从水禽肥肝组织学特征、肝脏内脂肪酸代谢途径以及不同营养素对肥肝脂肪代谢的影响方面,详细综述了肥肝形成的可能机制及最新研究进展。     

脂联素及其受体激动剂在禽脂肪性肝病中的应用展望

脂联素(adiponectin)是一种能参与调控糖和脂质代谢、能量调节、免疫反应以及抵抗炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡等多种生理过程的激素。禽脂肪性肝病是由于禽肝脏中脂肪酸合成与酯化、脂肪酸转运、脂肪酸氧化、脂肪分解和利用等代谢途径发生异常, 导致的脂类代谢紊乱、肝细胞脂肪变性和炎症反应。文章介绍了脂联素及其分子结构, 脂联素受体及其参与的信号通路, 并重点阐述了脂联素对肝脏脂质代谢、炎症、氧化应激、肝细胞凋亡与自噬方面的调节作用及机制, 以及脂联素受体激动剂的生理作用。同时, 结合禽脂肪性肝病的发生发展机制, 对脂联素及其受体激动剂的应用前景进行了展望。文章为预防和治疗禽类乃至其他动物的脂肪性肝病提供了新的思路。     

雌激素-雌激素受体通路影响母鸡脂肪肝发生的可能机制

肝脏是鸡进行脂质代谢的重要场所,脂肪肝综合征是产蛋期母鸡常见的一种亚临床生理性代谢综合征,脂肪肝综合征呈渐进性发展,特别是进入产蛋后期会严重影响母鸡的健康和生产性能,给养殖业带来经济损失.雌激素水平与母鸡产蛋和肝脏脂肪代谢功能密切相关,雌激素的作用主要由雌激素受体(ER)介导.大量的数据表明,ERα和ERβ在哺乳动物的...     

胆碱对奶牛肝脏脂肪代谢的调控作用及机制

围产期奶牛脂肪肝等营养代谢性疾病的防治和调控是提高生产性能和效益的关键.胆碱作为一种动物生长发育必需的营养素,在奶牛肝脏脂肪代谢调控方面发挥着重要的作用.饲粮中适当补充胆碱可以有效降低肝脏脂肪含量和预防脂肪肝,并维持肝脏的正常生理功能.胆碱主要通过上调脂肪分解和下调脂肪生成途径的基因和蛋白的表达水平来调节脂肪代谢,从而减少脂肪沉积,缓解脂肪肝.本研究在已有文献报道基础上,阐述了胆碱的特性和功能,围绕胆碱对动物肝脏脂肪代谢的调节作用及机制进行了综述,旨在为奶牛维持机体健康、提高反刍动物生产性能提供理论依据.     

Relevance of apolipoproteins in the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases in dairy cows

Most metabolic diseases in dairy cows occur during the peripartum period and are suggested to be derived from fatty liver initially developed during the nonlactating stage. Fatty liver is induced by hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acids that are released in excess by adipose tissues attributable to negative energy balance. The fatty accumulation leads to impairment of lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, and the impairment in turn influences other metabolic pathways in extrahepatic tissues such as the steroid hormone production by the corpus luteum. Detailed understanding of the impaired lipoprotein metabolism is crucial for elucidation of the mechanistic bases of the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases. This review summarizes results on evaluation of lipoprotein lipid and protein concentrations and enzyme activity in cows with fatty liver and those with ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever, downer syndrome and retained placenta. Obtained data strongly suggest that decreases in serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III, a reduction in activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are intimately related to the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related diseases. Moreover, determination of the apolipoprotein concentrations and enzyme activity during the peripartum period is useful for early diagnoses of these diseases.     

Disturbed bovine mitochondrial lipid metabolism: a review

In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise and cannot be covered by feed intake. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids in disturbed energy metabolism of the bovine species. Long chain fatty acids regulate energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are two different types of disorders in lipid metabolism which can occur in cattle, namely the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type with the latter not always associated with ketosis. There is general agreement that fatty acid β-oxidation capability is limited in the liver of (ketotic) cows. In accord, supplemental L-carnitine decreased liver lipid accumulation in periparturient Holstein cows. Of note, around parturition concurrent oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated. Also peroxisomal β-oxidation in liver of dairy cows may be part of the hepatic adaptations to a negative energy balance (NEB) to break down fatty acids. An elevated blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids is one of the indicators of NEB in cattle among others like increased β-hydroxy butyrate concentration, and decreased concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Assuming that liver carnitine concentrations might limit hepatic fatty acid oxidation capacity in dairy cows, further study of the role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and/or riboflavin in bovine ketosis is warranted.     

奶牛脂肪肝的发病机理及防制措施

高产奶牛在分娩期易患脂肪肝。脂肪肝的发病机理尚不完全清楚 ,采食量下降并导致体脂动员是脂肪肝发生的直接原因 ,更深入的机制涉及奶牛肝脂代谢的特殊性。防制脂肪肝的思路包括降低体脂的动员、减少肝脂合成量和提高肝脂的输出量。本文对脂肪肝的发病特点、可能机制和预防措施作了讨论     

PPAR-α在酒精性脂肪肝发生中的作用研究进展

酒精性脂肪肝(AFLD)是由于长期大量饮酒导致肝脏脂肪代谢紊乱,并大量沉积的一种代谢性疾病。过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体-α(PPARα)是一类配体激活的核转录因子超家族成员之一,高表达于肝脏。研究发现,PPARα与乙醇代谢,以及肝脏脂肪代谢密切相关。乙醇影响PPARα的正常功能,而PPARα的缺失或表达受抑参与了酒精性肝损伤的过程,促进了肝细胞脂肪变性及炎症的发生、发展。另外,PPARα参与脂质分解代谢的多个方面,包括脂肪酸的透膜吸收、脂肪酸在细胞内的结合、脂肪酸的氧化及脂蛋白的合成与运输。PPARα及其特异性配体的运用将会成为AFLD治疗的一个新靶点。论文综述了PPARα的结构、生物学作用及其在AFLD发生机制中的作用,可为该病的治疗提供新的思路。     

产蛋鸡极低密度脂蛋白组装的调控因素

产蛋鸡肝脏合成的极低密度脂蛋白对鸡蛋胆固醇和各类营养成分含量都有重要影响，与蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢和脂肪肝综合症之间关系密切。作者综述了产蛋鸡极低密度脂蛋白的组装及影响因素，为深入认识蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢特点和高产蛋鸡的脂肪肝综合症的成因及开发各类功能性鸡蛋有一定的指导作用。     

Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle

Fatty liver occurs in dairy cattle during periods of elevated blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Elevated blood NEFAs are associated with hormonal changes at parturition and negative energy balance. Approaches for preventing fatty liver include inhibition of fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissues and altering hepatic metabolism to enhance fatty acid oxidation or export as a constituent of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Nutritional and management strategies to implement these approaches have been examined. Increasing energy density of diet, either by increasing non-fiber carbohydrate or fat, has failed to prevent fatty liver. Two nutritional supplements, ruminally-protected choline and propylene glycol, have proven effective at preventing fatty liver. Choline probably enhances hepatic VLDL secretion. Propylene glycol most likely reduces fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue. Shortening or eliminating the dry period is a management strategy that reduces the magnitude of negative energy balance after calving and triglyceride accumulation in the liver.