沂蒙山区火焰红栎嫁接繁殖研究

通过对火焰红栎(Quercus coccinea Muench)进行异砧嫁接试验(砧木为1年生麻栎(Quercus acutissima Carruth.)苗,接穗为火焰红栎1年生枝条)。结果表明:火焰红栎异砧嫁接成活率与嫁接时间、嫁接方式、嫁接技术、接前接穗处理方法以及接穗上剪口封存方式等因素有关。     

长白山区天然柞树林林分生长模型的研究

利用长白山林区天然柞树(Quercus mongolica)林的森林资源调查设计小班数据,对10种常见的林分生长模型进行了研究。结果表明:所拟合的各林分生长模型检验精度均大于98%,拟合结果较好。天然柞树林生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的林分生长规律。模型(1)、模型(3)、模型(4)和模型(6)符合S型生长曲线,具有较好的生物学意义。通过对逻辑斯蒂方程进行计算,长白山区天然柞树林的速生期为27～70 a。     

蒙古栎裸根苗嫁接技术

介绍了蒙古栎(Quercus monglica)裸根苗嫁接方法,包括砧木、接穗预处理(催醒),嫁接体培养,移容苗制作管理,炼苗,定植等配套技术。嫁接成活率(95%)较室外留床苗嫁接(60%～70%)显著提高。该方法可为蒙古栎良种苗的扩繁提供技术支撑。     

不同处理对蒙古栎嫁接成活率和苗木生长的影响

为探索蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)适宜嫁接方法,本研究开展了不同嫁接方法和IBA处理对蒙古栎嫁接成活率和苗木生长量的影响研究,结果表明:不同试验处理间的嫁接成活率、苗木地径均存在极显著差异,而苗高生长和高径比差异不显著。舌接的嫁接方法为蒙古栎最适嫁接方法。     

辽东栎播种育苗技术

总结出辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)播种育苗的苗圃建立、整地与作床、种子采集与处理、播种育苗、苗期管理、病虫害防治等技术.通过实验对比,确定辽东栎种子在不同环境和季节,种子含水量40％～60％时最具有活力,出苗率达到90％以上.     

刺叶栎营养钵育苗技术

使用容器培育刺叶栎(Quercus spinosa David)苗木,在种子刚露出胚芽时播种最好,出苗期的保温、保湿工作是提高出苗率的关键,而合理的肥水管理措施是培育大苗、壮苗的基础。     

蒙古栎病虫害专家系统的设计与实现

针对目前森林植保专家无法进入现场诊断病虫害,研究开发了蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)病虫害诊断专家系统,系统收集了蒙古栎主要病虫害的症状特征和图像信息,建立病虫害知识库,将图像指认和症状特征诊断相结合,构建推理机,通过推理诊断出病虫害种类,获得防治方法。     

中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的起源与演化

硬叶常绿高山栎类植物是指壳斗科栎亚属中的高山栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect. B rachylepides)的8种植物和1个存疑种植物,以及巴东栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect. Engleriana)的7种植物。本文依据已有的文献,综述了中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物系统演化、化石历史和现代分布等,讨论了中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的起源、演化和扩展途径,为进一步系统研究和解释这类植物对高山环境的适应机制提供基础资料。     

中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的分类与现代地理分布

硬叶常绿高山栎类植物是指壳斗科栎亚属中的高山栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect.Brachylepides)的8种植物及1个存疑种,巴东栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect.Engleriana)的7种植物.本文依据已有的文献和多年的野外考察,综述了中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的分类及种类.同时,阐述了硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的现代地理分布规律,为进一步系统研究和解释这类植物对环境的适应力提供基础资料.     

中条山栓皮栎林数量分类研究

基于群落学野外调查,应用TWINSPAN和DCA分别对中条山太宽河自然保护区栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)林进行了数量分类和排序研究。结果表明:将中条山太宽河栓皮栎林的42个样方分为8个群丛,分别是:I.栓皮栎+槲栎-陕西荚蒾+连翘-披针叶苔草群丛,Ⅱ.栓皮栎+橿子栎-连翘+卫茅-披针叶苔草群丛,Ⅲ.栓皮栎+板栗-连翘-披针叶苔草群丛,Ⅳ.栓皮栎+板栗-连翘-披针叶苔草+矛叶荩草群丛,Ⅴ.栓皮栎-黄栌+连翘-披针叶苔草+野青茅群丛,Ⅵ.栓皮栎-黄栌-披针叶苔草群丛,Ⅶ.栓皮栎+槲栎-荆条+连翘+黄栌-披针叶苔草+委陵菊群丛,Ⅷ.栓皮栎+槲栎-连翘+榛子-披针叶苔草+细叶沙参群丛。群落和优势种的DCA排序结果表明:影响群落分布和优势种分布的生态因子主要是热量和水分。     

聚焦世界主要树种之法国橡木

树种介绍 在法国森林中,橡树的分布面积为553万公顷,是分布最广的树种.法国是欧洲第一大橡木生产国.     

利用柞树叶栽培黑木耳试验

进行了黑木耳菌株分离,进行了柞树叶对黑木耳菌丝的影响及对黑木耳产量的影响试验,筛选出了适宜柞树叶栽培的黑木耳优良菌株及高产配方。     

聚焦世界主要树种之法国橡树

树种介绍 在法国森林中， 橡树的分布面积为553万公顷， 是分布最广的树种。     

Rapid temperature acclimation of leaf respiration rates in Quercus alba and Quercus rubra

We conducted controlled (chamber) and natural (field) environment experiments on the acclimation of respiration in Quercus alba L. and Quercus rubra L. Three-year-old Louisiana, Indiana and Wisconsin populations of Q. alba were placed in growth chambers and exposed to alternating 5-week periods of cool (20 degrees C mean) and warm (26 degrees C mean) temperatures. We measured respiration rates on fully expanded leaves immediately before and approximately every 2 days after a switch in mean temperature. In a second chamber experiment, 3-year-old potted Q. alba seedlings were exposed to alternating warm (26 degrees C mean) and cool (16 degrees C mean) temperatures at 4-day intervals. Leaf dark respiration rates were measured on days 2, 3 and 4 after each change in temperature. In a third, field-based study, we measured leaf respiration rates in the same three sources of Q. alba and in Arkansas, Indiana and Minnesota sources of Q. rubra before and after a natural 16 degrees C change in mean daily ambient temperature. We observed rapid, significant and similar acclimation of leaf respiration rates in all populations of Q. alba and Q. rubra. Cold-origin populations were no more plastic in their acclimation responses than populations from warmer sites. All geographic sources showed lower respiration rates when measured at 24 degrees C after exposure to higher mean temperatures. Respiration rates decreased 13% with a 6 degrees C increase in mean temperature in the first chamber study, and almost 40% with a 10 degrees C increase in temperature in the second chamber study. Acclimation was rapid in all three studies, occurring after 2 days of exposure to changed temperature regimes. Acclimation was reversible when changes in ambient temperature occurred at 4-day intervals. Respiration response functions, ln(R) = ln(beta0) + beta1T, were statistically different among treatments (cool versus warm, first chamber study) and among sources in a pooled comparison. Pair-wise comparisons indicated statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in cool- versus warm-measured temperature/respiration response functions for Indiana and Wisconsin sources of Q. alba. Log-transformed base respiration rates were significantly lower during periods of higher mean temperatures. Indiana Q. alba showed a significantly higher beta1 when plants were grown at 16 degrees C than when grown at 26 degrees C. Acclimation in Q. alba was unaccompanied by changes in leaf nitrogen concentration, but was associated with a change in leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration was slightly, but statistically, lower (13.6 versus 12%, P<0.05) after a 10 degrees C increase in temperature.     

蒙古栎研究进展

蒙古栎 (Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ) ,又称蒙古柞、柞树。壳斗科 ,属栎属 ,落叶乔木。主要分布于东北三省、内蒙古等地 ,为东北次生落叶阔叶林的主要组成树种和我国的主要用材树种。蒙古栎木材坚硬耐腐 ,纹理美观 ,是优质的经济用材 ;枝条发热量高 ,是很好的薪炭材 ;种子富含淀粉 ,树皮、壳斗含鞣质 ,可以提炼多种工业原料 ;叶子可饲蚕和饲养动物 ;屑材、锯末可养覃耳。它的根系发达 ,适应性强 ,抗风 ,有很好的抗蚀、护坡、涵水和保土的作用。蒙古栎现已被列为二级保护树种。但是 ,这样一个经济价值和生态效益都很好的树种长期以来…     

柞树的嫁接技术

几年来的柞树嫁接试验表明，带岭区最佳采穗时间为3月中、下旬；最适宜的嫁接方法是双舌接；最佳嫁接时间为5月上、中旬；对嫁接苗进行套袋、剪除萌条、适时解绑是提高嫁接成活率的重要措施。     

蒙古栎种源试验

通过种源试验,选择出了适宜于大兴安岭林区的蒙古栎最优种源,为大兴安岭林区建设蒙古栎用材林提供了依据。     

栎属植物嫁接繁育技术

为找到适宜栎属植物的快速繁育技术,开展了蒙古栎和槲树嫁接试验。结果表明:不同嫁接时间及不同嫁接方法栎属植物的嫁接成活率和生长量存在明显差异。选择在春季进行嫁接,插皮接方法平均成活率和接穗生长量最高,其最适时间在4月末。平均成活率可达到55%,新梢平均长度和平均直径分别为43.6cm和16mm。插皮接提高了嫁接成活率,为栎属植物加快良种繁育进程探索出新技术。     

The diversification of terpene emissions in Mediterranean oaks: lessons from a study of Quercus suber, Quercus canariensis and its hybrid Quercus afares

Interspecific gene flow is common in oaks. In the Mediterranean, this process produced geographical differentiations and new species, which may have contributed to the diversification of the production of volatile terpenes in the oak species of this region. The endemic North African deciduous oak Quercus afares (Pomel) is considered to be a stabilized hybrid between the evergreen Quercus suber (L.) and the deciduous Quercus canariensis (Willd.), presumably being monoterpene and isoprene emitters, respectively. In a common garden experiment, we examined the terpene emission capacities, terpene synthase (TPS) activities and nuclear genetic markers in 52 trees of these three oak species. All but one of the Q. suber and Q. canariensis trees were found to be genetically pure, whereas most Q. afares trees possessed a mixed genotype with a predominance of Q. suber alleles. Analysis of the foliar terpene emissions and TPS activities revealed that all the Q. canariensis trees strongly produced isoprene while all the Q. suber trees were strong monoterpene producers. Quercus afares trees produced monoterpenes as well but at more variable and significantly lower rates, and with a monoterpene pattern different than that observed in Q. suber. Among 17 individuals tested, one Q. afares tree emitted only an insignificant amount of terpenes. No mixed isoprene/monoterpene emitter was detected. Our results suggest that the capacity and pattern of volatile terpene production in Algerian Q. afares populations have strongly diverged from those of its parental species and became quantitatively and qualitatively reduced, including the complete suppression of isoprene production.     

Provenance Variation in Phenotypic Traits in Quercus robur and Quercus petraea in Danish Provenance Trials

A study of 33 provenances in Danish field trials with Quercus robur and Q. petraea was made between 1993 and 1998. The trials include Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian and Swedish provenances, and were established between 1900 and 1988. Growth, flushing, stem form and epicormic shoot formation were studied. There were strong geographical clines for growth; however, the variation within regions was considerable. Time of flushing followed a more complex clinal pattern and was related to both latitude and distance from the ocean. Stem form was highly variable within different geographical regions and it is suggested that this could be caused by different management regimes in the past. Oaks from some locations in Sweden and Norway seemed especially straight. Stem form is one of the most important parameters for commercial oak management and could be seriously improved through breeding, as it was under considerable genetic control. Epicormic shoot production was in part under genetic control, but no geographical patterns were found. Danish provenances of Q. petraea were growing more rapidly than similar Q. robur on sandy locations. Quercus petraea produced fewer epicormic branches and stem form was equal to or better than Q. robur. Quercus petraea should be recommended for landscape use on windy locations in Denmark.