土壤中铝对火炬松根系影响的试验研究

采用孔洞根系生长法，进行铝对火炬松根系生长影响的野外实验研究，结果表明：土壤中加入铝离子后，活性铝含量大大提高，pH值显著下降，根的数量较少且表现为铝毒症状；加入钙离子后，在pH值提高的同时，活性铝含量也显著下降，根生长得到了明显改善。说明铝对根有抑制作用，而钙对铝毒有拮抗作用。     

冷凉气候区不同形态氮肥对苹果根系氮代谢的影响

以4年生寒富苹果作为试验材料进行盆栽试验,通过施用不同形态氮肥,测定对苹果根系活力、根系氮代谢关键酶活性、根际微生物活性、根际土壤酶活性、根际土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:不同形态氮肥对苹果的作用相对一致,硝态氮和铵态氮的根系活力动态变化均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而酰胺态氮则一直呈现下降的趋势;硝态氮和酰胺态氮处理明显地提高了苹果根系NR的活性,而铵态氮则降低了NR的活性,硝态氮和酰胺态氮处理的动态变化都呈现先升高后下降的趋势;各处理间根际微生物数量动态变化都表现出先升高后下降;根际脲酶、蛋白酶和中性磷酸酶活性动态变化表现出先升高后下降;各处理间根际土壤全氮含量、全磷含量以及速效钾含量动态变化呈现先升高后下降的趋势。总之,三种氮肥对苹果根系和土壤的作用效果表现为NO_3~--NCO(NH_2)_2-NNH_4~+-N。     

植被恢复对建筑垃圾填埋场土壤理化性质变化的影响研究

对徐州市九里山建筑垃圾填埋场人工造林恢复植被后的土壤理化性质进行研究的结果表明,恢复样地土壤孔隙度增大,土壤密度减小,土壤pH呈下降趋势,土壤有机质和土壤全氮水平显著增加。但土壤全磷和有效磷含量随植被的生长呈降低趋势,原因可能为当土壤中有效磷含量不能满足植物根系吸收时,植物根系会分泌一些有机酸来活化土壤中的磷元素供植物吸收。土壤全钾含量没有显著差异,速效钾含量随着植被的生长而降低。     

钾肥施用量对油橄榄根系发育及根际土壤微环境的影响

【目的】采用盆栽试验探究不同钾肥施用量对油橄榄幼苗根系生理、根系形态、生物量以及根际土壤微环境的影响,以期确定油橄榄苗期最优的钾肥施用量,为油橄榄植株良好的生长发育提供科学合理的施肥依据。【方法】选用我国油橄榄主栽品种‘鄂植8号’为试验材料,所用钾肥为硫酸钾(K_2SO_4),将施用量设为5个水平,折合成K_2O用量分别为10、20、30、40和50 g/株,另设不施钾肥为对照(CK)。【结果】缺钾抑制了油橄榄根系和地上部的生长发育,导致油橄榄根系活力、含水量、渗透调节物质含量降低,根系相对电导率升高,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数下降,苗高、地径和地上及地下部干物质累积下降,根冠比降低。增施适量钾肥后,油橄榄根系活力和根系含水量增加,相对电导率下降,根系渗透调节物质含量增加,根系形态得到优化,苗高、地径、根干质量、地上部干质量和根冠比均有显著提高。施用钾肥后,油橄榄根际土壤p H和含水量降低,土壤碱解氮含量下降,速效磷、速效钾、全磷、全钾和有机质含量增加,全氮含量变化不显著;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,碱性磷酸酶活性略有下降;土壤细菌和放线菌数量升高,真菌数量显著降低,土壤细菌与真菌数量比值下降。【结论】每株增施20 g钾肥对油橄榄幼苗生长发育及根际土壤微环境的促进效果最佳。     

遮阴对油用牡丹幼苗根系性状的影响

为研究遮阴对多年生油用牡丹品种“凤丹”根系生长的影响,以油用牡丹品种“凤丹”为材料进行了试验,设置5种不同程度的遮阴处理：不遮阴(CK)、透光率为全光照的85%(Z1)、70%(Z2)、55%(Z3)和40%(Z4),并对不同处理下油用牡丹根系的总根长、根系总表面积、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行了分析。结果表明：随着遮阴强度的增加,“凤丹”牡丹幼苗根系总根长以及过氧化物酶的活性有逐渐降低的趋势,根系总表面积、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,根系丙二醛含量则呈现先降低后升高的趋势。Z1处理的根系总表面积和可溶性糖含量较对照显著升高,其根系丙二醛含量显著低于其他处理。当透光率为全光照的50%～65%时有利于根系维持较高的可溶性蛋白含量。综上所述,试验条件下透光率为全光照85%的轻度遮阴处理有利于“凤丹”幼苗根系保持良好的生理活性,透光率≥55%时显著抑制牡丹根系的生长发育。     

干旱胁迫及复水对绿竹容器苗生理特征的影响

[目的]探究模拟干旱环境下水分亏缺对绿竹容器苗主要营养器官生理特性的影响,为绿竹规模化育苗栽培制定适宜的经营管理及节水灌溉技术方案提供理论依据。[方法]以绿竹组培苗为试验材料,采用盆栽苗控水方式,测定分析不同干旱胁迫条件下绿竹叶片及根系抗氧化酶、膜脂渗透性、叶片光合色素含量、以及根系活力等生理指标。[结果]表明:随着干旱胁迫加重,绿竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量明显下降,各处理间均达到差异显著(P0.05),复水后叶绿素a、叶绿素b、及类胡萝卜素含量均明显升高,其中叶绿素a、叶绿素b达到差异显著(P0.05),但类胡萝卜素差异不显著(P0.05);干旱胁迫下,根系活力呈明显下降趋势,中度干旱胁迫(MS)和重度干旱胁迫(SS)根系活力分别比对照(CK)下降14.35%、33.31%,均达到差异显著(P0.05),复水后,根系活力均明显升高,分别达到了CK处理根系活力的96.75%、73.84%;干旱胁迫下,根系及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,且在复水后均呈现一定下降趋势,表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水(MS-CK)降低程度高于重度干旱胁迫后复水(SS-CK),各处理间均达到差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]模拟干旱环境下,增加干旱胁迫程度,绿竹的根系活力及叶片色素含量呈显著降低,MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性均升高。复水后,根系活力及叶片色素含量较干旱胁迫时有所提高,MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性有明显下降,不同干旱程度补偿能力不同,表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水高于重度干旱胁迫后复水,且不同营养器官对于解除干旱后消除活性氧及修复适应能力也不尽相同。绿竹根系活力和叶绿素含量与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,而保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性以及MDA含量均与干旱胁迫程度呈正相关。     

1,2代马尾松林土壤不同形态铝含量

分析1,2代马尾松林地土壤pH值和不同形态铝含量。结果表明:土壤pH值随林龄增加和连栽而下降;交换性铝和可溶性铝含量均随林龄增加和连栽而增加;腐殖酸铝和有机络合态铝含量随连栽而降低;单聚体羟基铝和酸溶无机铝含量无明显变化规律,且对土壤酸化影响不大。     

种植密度及土壤养分对马尾松苗木根系的影响

测定了不同种植密度及土壤养分含量下马尾松苗木根系生长的影响,研究结果表明:随着种植密度的增加,马尾松根系呈直线下降趋势,当种植株数达到一定株数(6株)时,根系生长对土壤养分产生竞争;胁迫促使根系增加,而在土壤空间足够的条件下随着土壤养分含量的增加,其根系呈增加趋势。     

底部渗灌对薄壳山核桃根系保护酶活性的影响

为给底部渗灌应用于育苗生产提供理论依据,以薄壳山核桃1年生容器实生苗为试材,研究了底部渗灌对不同生长时期的幼苗根系活力及保护酶类的影响。结果表明,底部渗灌显著促进了生长初期薄壳山核桃容器苗根系TTC还原强度,达到362.83μg/(g·h),显著高于上方喷灌苗木根系还原强度,且生长中后期也能保持较高水平的根系活力;底部渗灌处理后,苗木根系MDA含量及SOD、POD和CAT保护酶活性变化趋势与上方喷灌苗木一样,均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,说明底部渗灌对生长初期苗木根系有一定的胁迫,苗木通过提高根系中保护酶的活性减轻伤害,不断适应根系环境。     

土壤pH对多叶羽扇豆生长及生理特性的影响

通过调节土壤酸碱度,研究不同土壤pH值对多叶羽扇豆的生长发育及生理特性的影响。结果表明:多叶羽扇豆植株随着土壤pH值的降低,叶片黄花率降低,叶绿素含量升高;POD活性升高,叶片内SOD活性的影响呈升高降低的趋势,2年生植株较1年生植株影响更为明显。土壤pH对多叶羽扇豆叶绿素a/b比值及CAT活性的差异性不显著。     

脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土对枸杞根际土壤理化性质及根系生长的影响

In this study, the rhizosphere soil properties of Takyr Solonetzs ameliorated with FGDG, and its effect on root growth of Lycium barbarum were studied. The results indicated that with increasing applications of FGDG, the contents of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and HCO₃^- in rhizosphere soil decreased gradually with the ratio of 51.9%, 16.7%, 42.7%, 44.7% and 28.2%, respectively, while the contents of Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- showed an increasing trend and increased by 96.9% and 80.4% compared with those of the CK. As the content of exchangeable Na⁺ decreased with the increasing application of FGDG, the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and soil pH values decreased from 32.2% and 10.5 to 18.1% and 7.82, respectively and thus the soil physical properties improved. However, the lowest total salt content (2.91 g·kg^-1) was found in T2 (2.5 t/(667m²)), and similarly, the highest values of taproot length (44.78 cm), root surface area(179.97 cm²) and root dry weight (17.53 g) were also found in T2, which suggested that applications of FGDG were not always positively correlated with soil reclamation, and excessive amount of FGDG would inhibit root’s growth. Overall, application of FGDG is effective in ameliorating Takyr Solonetzs, but high amount of FGDG would result in excess salts against root growth and subsequently influence production.     

Effects of calcium, boron and nitrogen fertilization on the growth of teak (Tectona grandis) seedlings and chemical property of acidic soil substrate

Many teak plantations are established on acidic soils with low nutrient availability. There is also poor documentation of nutrient budgets for teak, therefore, a pot experiment with optimal hybrid regression design (Roquemore R311A) was implemented with calcium, boron and nitrogen treatments with teak seedlings (Tectona grandis L.f.) planted in acidic lateritic red soil substrate. Seedling growth, biomass production and root development, and soil pH, and exchangeable Ca and Al concentration were measured. Plant height, root collar diameter, biomass of leaves, stems and roots, root volume, taproot length, number of lateral roots of teak seedlings were significantly and positively correlated with soil exchangeable Ca, pH and Ca/Al molar ratio, and negatively correlated with exchangeable Al. All growth traits were significantly affected by calcium, nitrogen and their interaction, but B fertilizer and other interactions had insignificant effects. To effectively cultivate teak seedlings in acidic soil substrates, 1.68 g kg⁻¹ quicklime (CaO) and 0.65 g kg⁻¹ urea was suggested to be added to neutralize soil acidity, and enhance soil exchangeable Ca content and Ca/Al molar ratio. Urea should not be added without quicklime.     

琯溪蜜柚园土壤酸化特征研究

【目的】为了研究蜜柚园土壤的酸化特征,从而为蜜柚园土壤改良提供参考依据。【方法】采集福建省平和县319个蜜柚园的土壤样品和25个蜜柚园土壤剖面表土层(0~20 cm)、亚表土层(20~40 cm)和底土层(40~60 cm)的土壤样品,分析了蜜柚园土壤pH值的分布特征、影响蜜柚园土壤酸化的因素和土壤pH值与盐基饱和度和交换性钙、交换性镁含量间的关系。【结果】平和县319个蜜柚园土壤pH值的变幅为3.26~6.22,其平均值为4.34,有89.97%的果园其土壤pH值低于柑橘生长适宜pH值的下限(pH为5.0),其中pH<4.5的强酸性果园占67.71%。25个蜜柚园剖面土壤pH平均值不同土层的高低顺序是表土层>亚表土层>底土层,与表土层土壤的pH值相比,亚表土层和底土层pH<4.5的土壤占比分别提高了50.00%和35.71%。土壤的酸化提高了土壤交换性氢、交换性铝的含量,相关分析结果表明,土壤pH值与土壤盐基饱和度及交换性钙、交换性镁含量间均呈极显著的正相关,说明酸化会减弱土壤的保肥能力,导致土壤钙、镁元素的缺乏。蜜柚园土壤的酸化程度随蜜柚树种植年限、土壤碱解氮含量及氮肥施用量、土壤有效硫含量的增加而降低。【结论】平和县蜜柚园土壤酸化现象严重,且园土亚表土层和底土层的酸化问题较表土层更为突出,氮肥和硫肥的过量施用是引起土壤酸化的原因。鉴于蜜柚园土壤的酸化特性,文中提出了降低果园氮素和硫素的投入、结合果园深翻改土施用碱性土壤改良剂、增施有机肥等防治蜜柚园土壤酸化的措施。     

土壤中铝对马尾松影响的试验研究

70年代以来,世界发生了大面积的森林衰退,给林业生产带来了不可估量的损失。从目前的研究情况看,土壤酸化引起的铝毒可能是森林衰退的原因之一。以Ulrich为首提出了铝毒假说,各国相继研究了铝对森林树种的影响,但大部分实验都限于室内模拟或现场类比调查,缺乏更直接的野外研究,为此,本文采用了一种新的方法——孔洞根系生长法,进行野外实验研究,测定了铝对森林马尾松的影响。     

Growth and survival of Fagus sylvatica seedlings in relation to light intensity and soil water content

Previous investigations have shown different growth and root/shoot ratio increases of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica) with increased light intensity. In the present investigation both light intensity and soil water content were regulated on four levels in a factorial experiment. At the highest level of soil water content the seedling growth increased linearly with light intensity while the root/shoot ratio decreased with light intensity. At low levels of soil water content both the growth and root/shoot ratio slightly increased with increased light. The soil water content was also affected by the light intensity indicating that the soil water content may have caused unobserved effects in responding to increased light in previous investigations. It is concluded that both light intensity and soil water content should be quantified or manipulated even if only the effect of one of the two growth factors are investigated.     

Effects of strip wise tillage in combination with liming on chemical and physical properties of acidic spruce forest soils after clear cutting

We investigated the initial effects of strip wise soil loosening (0–35 cm depth) on soil chemical and physical parameters by using a deeply working rotary cultivator in combination with liming and mixing of the dolomite with the soil material of acidic forests. The investigations took place 8 months after the treatment. pH values and contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg increased significantly at the tilled depth whereas the content of exchangeable Al and easily soluble P decreased. The rate of mineralisation increased at this depth which was shown by a loss of Corg, Ntot and short-term loss of NO₃-N. The treatment led to a mobilisation of Mn at the tilled depth. However, the content of exchangeable Pb decreased due to an increased pH value. Below the tillage depth of 35 cm only partly significant changes of exchangeable Mn and NO₃-N were found. The total porosity and bulk density at 10–15 and 40–45 cm depths were not significantly different from those in the control plot, but the rate of infiltration increased significantly.     

间作绿豆对核桃苗光合特性及根系导水力的作用

[目的]为研究间作绿豆对核桃苗根系生长、根系水分运输和光合特性的影响,[方法]采用砂培方法,在温室内将1年生核桃嫁接苗和绿豆进行间作。[结果]显示:间作绿豆增加了土壤全氮含量(0.014%0.021%),不添加氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系总表面积、根系总长度、根系直径和根系总体积均显著增加,而正常供应氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系生长降低。核桃苗根系单位面积的导水率与土壤氮素含量显著相关,添加氮素与否间作绿豆后,根系单位面积导水率分别升高0.102×10^-5 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1和0.057 ×10^-5 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1;而不添加氮素间作绿豆整株根系导水率增加0.043 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1,正常供应氮素间作绿豆后,核桃苗整株根系导水率反而降低0.034 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1;核桃苗气孔导度对各处理响应和根系整株导水力有相同趋势,不添加氮素间作绿豆核桃光合能力升高至对照水平,光饱和点达1 567.17 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,最大净光合速率达12.84 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率降低;而正常供应氮素间作绿豆核桃苗光合能力降低。[结论]间作绿豆改善了核桃苗的生长环境,有益于增加核桃苗的根系吸收面积、水分运输以及光合代谢;但在氮素充足的土壤中,间作绿豆非但无益于核桃苗,反而降低核桃苗的水分供应,影响其气体交换和光合能力。     

新造林地土壤肥力变化规律研究

从不同森林类型土壤肥力状况的角度,对梧州共青林场新造未成林地的土壤营养元素含量进行对比研究,探讨了林地采伐更新为红锥（Castanopsis hystrlz）林和荷木（Schima superba）林后其森林土壤肥力的变化情况。结果表明,随着红锥林和荷木林的生长发育,各林地养分状况明显降低。和对照林地相比,土壤pH值、...     

菇木林目标树择伐林窗的形成对土壤养分含量的影响

[目的]以浙江省庆元县菇木林为研究对象,探讨菇木林目标树择伐后形成的人工林窗对土壤养分含量和土壤质量的影响.[方法]在对照林分和择伐后林窗内设置调查样地,分层采集0～60 cm土层土壤样品,对比分析土壤养分元素含量和土壤pH值的变化情况.[结果]1)与对照相比,择伐6 a后林窗0～20 cm土层,土壤有机碳、全氮、水解...