水土保持措施对径流泥沙及养分流失的影响

以北京市门头沟区龙凤岭水土保持科技示范园为研究对象,对2005—2009年汛期(5—11月)径流小区的径流量、侵蚀产沙量及养分流失量进行了分析。结果是:同为10 m坡长的径流小区,其径流量和养分流失量从大到小依次为裸地、坡耕地和石坎梯田,产沙量最大的是裸地,其次是石坎梯田,最小的是坡耕地;与裸地小区相比,10 m坡长的水土保持措施小区可减少全氮流失量50.5%~91.4%、减少全磷流失量31.8%~75.8%;20 m坡长裸地径流小区的径流量、泥沙量和养分流失量均明显大于鱼鳞坑,鱼鳞坑小区可减少径流量68.4%~83.0%、减少产沙量71.1%~82.7%、减少全氮流失量64.4%~74.9%、减少全磷流失量40.6%~87.3%。说明水土保持措施具有良好的保持水土和减少养分流失的作用。     

基于InVEST模型的门头沟区生态系统土壤保持功能研究

人类不合理的土地资源开发所导致的土壤侵蚀成为山区生态系统关注的热点和焦点问题。选择生态涵养与土壤侵蚀并存的北京市纯山区门头沟区为研究区域,在分析2005—2013年门头沟区土地利用与土地覆被变化的时空差异的基础上,采用了InVEST模型对区内生态系统的土壤保持功能进行了定量分析和动态评估。研究表明:（1）2005—2013年,门头沟区耕地、林地和水域、未利用地面积减少,园地、草地、建设用地增加;耕地和园地变化显著,耕地主要转为园地、林地和建设用地;园地主要由耕地和林地转化而来。（2）2005—2013年,门头沟区土壤保持能力和保持量均呈增加趋势,单位面积土壤保持能力由87.41 t/（hm²·a）增加到113.56 t/（hm²·a）,土壤保持量增加了377.38万t,土壤侵蚀量减少了23.42万t;受土地利用与土地覆被变化、降雨侵蚀力以及植被覆盖度影响,西北、东北地区土壤保持功能增强,西南地区减弱,东部地区基本不变。（3）不同土地利用与土地覆被类型的土壤保持能力排序为:林地 > 草地 > 未利用地 > 建设用地 > 耕地 > 园地 > 水域;2005—2013年,不同土地利用/覆被类型的单位面积土壤保持能力均呈增加趋势;除耕地外,其他地类的土壤保持总量均呈增加趋势。     

不同覆盖措施对减少枣林休眠期土壤水分损失的影响

针对黄土丘陵半干旱区林地土壤干化缺水严重的现象,利用2012-2015年3种覆盖措施下土壤水分定位实测数据,探讨和分析全年覆盖措施对枣林休眠期土壤水分损失的影响。结果表明:休眠期是枣林地土壤水分损失的重要时期,无覆盖枣林地土壤水分损失85.64~92.34 mm,是同期降雨量的2.12倍。当地枣林地土壤水分损失的土层深度基本在0~200 cm范围。在0~200 cm范围土壤垂直剖面上,休眠期3种覆盖措施下土壤水分损失均呈现随深度增加而均匀减少的规律。休眠期0~200 cm土层秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖和石子覆盖土壤水分总损失量分别较裸地减少38.32、50.56、40.48 mm。覆盖措施可以促进休眠期土壤水分向深层运移。     

坡面土地利用格局变化的水土保持效应

为探明黄土坡面土地利用格局变化的水土保持效应,通过模拟野外坡面土地利用格局,在小区内采用柠条林、坡耕地（豆地）和苜蓿地3种土地利用方式进行空间配置形成不同土地利用格局坡面小区,测定各小区表层0～6 cm土壤水分和土壤体积质量的时空分布特征,并于2007－2008年连续监测各小区产流产沙特性,分析坡面土地利用格局变化的减流减沙效应。Kriging插值结果表明,柠条林、坡耕地（豆地）和苜蓿地3种植被类型混合利用坡面（从坡顶至坡底）小区（包括柠条-豆地-苜蓿小区、苜蓿-豆地-柠条小区、柠条-苜蓿-豆地小区、豆地-苜蓿-柠条小区）土壤表层水分和土壤体积质量呈明显的斑块镶嵌格局,与土地利用结构一致,易于形成径流侵蚀的自我调控系统。相对于单一利用的坡耕地小区,各混合利用格局可以对坡面径流侵蚀有效拦截。其中柠条-豆地-苜蓿小区的年侵蚀模数最低,2年的减蚀率分别达到98%和94%。构建合理的土地利用镶嵌格局是控制水土流失的重要措施之一。     

科尔沁沙地人工植被对土壤水分异质性的影响

选择植被状况基本相同而坡位不同的样地 ,坡向和坡度基本相同而植被类型不同的沙丘背风坡 (东南坡 )样线及沙丘上部样地 ,在生长期调查其土壤水分状况 ,探讨植被类型、坡位对沙地土壤水分状况及水分格局的影响。结果表明 :沙丘背风坡 (东南坡 )人工植被土壤水分状况按差巴嘎蒿、杨树、樟子松的次序依次变差。以 0 5m为间隔取样分析表明沿沙丘下部到沙丘上部土壤水分状况有下降趋势。在水平格局上 ,樟子松林地土壤水分状况在0～ 8m ,杨树林地在 0～ 4m ,流动沙地在 0～ 9m的尺度上近似同质 ,随着空间距离的增加 ,异质性加强 ;差巴嘎蒿土壤水分状况在 0～ 4m的范围内异质性较高 ,4m以上近似同质。在垂直格局上 ,流沙在 0～ 60cm ,樟子松在 0～ 80cm ,差巴嘎蒿在 0～ 1 2 0cm的尺度上异质性很强 ,大于该尺度近似同质 ,而杨树林地在 0～ 30 0cm的范围内均有较强的异质性。无论水平格局或垂直格局 ,人工植被的建立增强了沙地土壤水分的异质性     

水土保持措施对坡耕地土壤养分时空变异影响

以水保林地、水平梯田及地埂植物带组成的水土保持措施体系和无水保措施布置坡耕地为研究对象,结合传统统计分析和ArcGIS地统计分析方法,研究不同深度土壤养分随时间及空间(垂直和水平)变化特征。结果表明,(1)所选研究区内土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随着土层深度的增加而降低,同一坡位高度,有水土保持措施坡耕地土壤养分含量比无措施坡耕地高,且土壤养分在垂直方向上相对均匀分布。(2)从各水土保持措施对不同深度土壤养分含量的影响来看,在水土保持体系内,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤有机质含量依次为:水保林地>水平梯田>地埂植物带,全氮、全磷和有效磷含量依次为:地埂植物带>水平梯田>水保林地。在无措施对照区,土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量两层次均顺坡逐渐增高,而全磷两层次分布均呈:中坡位无措施区>下坡位无措施区>上坡位无措施区。不同深度土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均随月份变化先增加后损失,但其变化程度因水土保持措施不同而不同。(3)经统计分析表明,水土保持措施区0~15 cm土壤有机质和全氮变异系数大于无措施对照区,但土壤全磷和有效磷变异系数正好相反;无措施对照区15~30 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷变异系数大于水土保持措施区。水土保持措施与不同深度土壤养分之间均呈极显著正相关关系,0~15 cm和15~30 cm土壤全氮和有效磷之间均呈显著正相关,而0~15 cm和15~30 cm其他各指标关系间均呈极显著正相关关系。     

A multi-scale analysis of species-environment relationships: breeding birds in a pitch pine-scrub oak (Pinus rigida-Quercus ilicifolia) community

Analyses of species-environment relationships are critically needed to guide conservation of many declining species. Comprehensive investigations of these relationships must incorporate environmental variables at multiple spatial scales since species responses to the environment vary with the scale of observation. We used partial canonical correspondence analysis to associate a bird assemblage in a threatened pitch pine-scrub oak (Pinus rigida-Quercus ilicifolia) community in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, USA, with plot, patch, and landscape level variables. The first level of analysis partitioned the amount of variance in the bird community explained by plot, patch, and landscape factors from that explained by spatial autocorrelation. The second level partitioned the amount of variance explained by plot, patch, and landscape factors alone and in combination. All three levels of environmental variables together accounted for 43% of the variance in the species data and only 5% of the variance was explainable by spatial factors alone. Landscape level factors accounted for a slightly larger amount of the explained variation (12%) than plot (11%) or patch (8%) level factors. We also examined the cumulative fit of each species to the plot, patch, and landscape partial models. Nine species of regional and/or national conservation concern had distributions that fit one model considerably better than the others. The Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) and Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) were predominantly associated with plot level factors; the Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus) was predominantly associated with patch level factors; and the Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus), Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), and Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) were predominantly associated with landscape level factors. This study suggests that focusing conservation efforts at the landscape level would provide the most effective protection for the largest number of sensitive species.     

Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter and Cation Exchange Capacity in an Oxisol under Different Land Uses

ABSTRACT

Soil properties may exhibit large spatial variability. Frequently this variability is auto-correlated at a certain scale. In addition to soil-forming factors, soil management, land cover, and agricultural system may affect the spatial variability of agricultural soils. Soil organic matter (OM) is an important soil property contributing toward soil fertility and a key attribute in assessing soil quality. Increasing soil OM increases cation exchange capacity (CEC) and enhances soil fertility. We analyzed the impact of land use on the spatial variability of OM and CEC in a tropical soil, an Oxisol, within São Paulo state, Brazil. Land uses were prairie, maize, and mango. Soil samples were taken at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths at 84 points within 1-ha plots, i.e., 100 m × 100 m. Statistical variability was higher for soil OM than for CEC. The mango plot contained the highest soil OM, whereas prairie the lowest. Also, soil OM and CEC were significantly related at all land use treatments and depths studied. All soil OM data sets and most of the CEC data sets (with two exceptions) exhibited spatial dependence. When spatial variability was present, the semivariograms showed a nugget effect plus a spherical or an exponential structure. Patterns of soil OM and CEC spatial variability (i.e., model type, ranges of spatial dependence, and nugget effects) were different between land uses and soil depths. In general, CEC exhibited a lower spatial autocorrelation and a weaker spatial structure than soil OM. Moreover, soil OM displayed a higher autocorrelation and was more strongly structured at the 0–10 cm depth than at the 10–20 cm depth. Interpolation by kriging or inverse distance weighting (IDW) allowed to illustrate how the spatial variability of soil OM and CEC differed due to land cover and sampling depth. Modeling and mapping the spatial distribution of soil OM and CEC provided a framework for spatially implicit comparisons of these soil properties, which may be useful for practical applications.     

The social, economic and institutional factors affecting adoption of soil conservation practices: the Asian experience

The purpose of this paper is to discuss social, economic and institutional factors affecting adoption and continued use of soil conservation practices at the farm level in Asia. Macrosocial factors discussed are population pressure on land resources, poverty, land tenure and national development policies. Microsocial factors selected for examination are awareness of conservation practices, access to information systems, profitability of soil conservation practices, and value orientations of land operators. It is concluded that programs designed to facilitate adoption of soil conservation practices at the farm level in Asia must address macrosocial factors as well as microsocial factors or they will probably not be successful. Specific recommendations for the development of intervention strategies are presented.     

Soil fertility affected by land use history,relief position,and parent material under a tropical climate in NW-Vietnam

In Vietnam as much as half of the total land area is already degraded by soil erosion and nutrient depletion. In particular, degradation due to deforestation is increasingly affecting mountainous areas in north-western Vietnam. The necessity to safeguard the farmers' livelihoods requires sustainable resource management, which firstly requires a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of resources. The objectives of the present study were to (1) identify the dominant soil types and their vulnerability using elicitation of local soil knowledge, (2) characterise the physical and chemical properties of the soils and (3) link them to the relief position and land use in order to (4) initiate sustainable soil use based on recommendations deduced from objectives (1) to (3). These objectives were achieved also by the elicitation of local knowledge. The final aim of the study was to initiate sustainable soil use based on recommendations for sustainable land use scenarios. The Chieng Khoi commune in Son La province of northern Vietnam was chosen as representative for other erosion-prone Southeast Asian sloping areas. In a participatory approach, combining local and scientific knowledge, sixteen sites were selected, representative for distinct relief positions, parent material (sand stone and silt stone), land use history, and erosion hazard. Chemical (e.g. content of organic matter, nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and plant available phosphorous) and physical properties (e.g. air capacity, plant available water) were used to estimate soil fertility. The predominant reference soil groups in the study area are Alisols and Luvisols, with a high diversity in respect to soil fertility. These soils are locally named ‘red soil’ and ‘black soil’, respectively. Although the main physical processes are erosion and selective sedimentation, farmers tend to underestimate their impact and causes, whereas soil quality was well-evaluated. Soils with high fertility were found on less eroded upper parts of hills and at sites, where agricultural use started only recently. Once degraded by cultivation practices, soils derived from sandstone did not recover even after more than 50 years of fallow. As a result of unsustainable land use, soils on middle and lower slopes are often affected by severe soil erosion, whereas foot slope soils suffer from accumulation of eroded infertile subsoil material as well as stagnic conditions. This study showed that unsustainable land use at upslope landscape positions has a severe impact on downslope areas. The elicitation of local knowledge facilitated the identification of such hot spots, allowing the implementation of spatially targeted conservation measures.     

基于分形理论的土地利用景观格局变化研究——以镇赉县镇赉镇为例

为增进对土地利用空间行为变化的理解,以分形理论和景观生态学为指导,以吉林省镇赉县镇赉镇的土地利用空间数据为基础,应用GIS对土地利用类型的分形及稳定性进行了研究。将土地利用类型划分为8类:耕地、园地、林地、草地、水域及水利设施用地、道路、居民点及工矿用地和未利用地,并进行各土地利用类型图斑分形维数分析。结果表明:土地利用类型的分布具有分形结构,各土地利用类型分维数（D）介于1.056 5～1.960 4。根据分维数对各土地利用类型进行稳定性排序:水域及水利设施 > 园地 > 耕地 > 居民点及工矿用地 > 草地 > 林地 > 未利用地 > 道路。且土地利用的形状指数、破碎化指数以及分离度指数在空间上的分布规律很大程度上受到人为活动的影响与干扰。研究结果可为研究区域土地资源的合理利用提供若干参考。     

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR LAND DEGRADATION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY THINKING

It is increasingly recognised that land degradation monitoring and assessment can benefit from incorporating multiple sources of knowledge, using a variety of methods at different scales, including the perspectives of researchers, land managers and other stakeholders. However, the knowledge and methods required to achieve this are often dispersed across individuals and organisations at different levels and locations. Appropriate knowledge management mechanisms are therefore required to more efficiently harness these different sources of knowledge and facilitate their broader dissemination and application. This paper examines what knowledge is, how it is generated and explores how it may be stored, transferred and exchanged between knowledge producers and users before it is applied to monitor and assess land degradation at the local scale. It suggests that knowledge management can also benefit from the development of mechanisms that promote changes in understanding and efficient means of accessing and/or brokering knowledge. Broadly, these processes for knowledge management can (i) help identify and share good practices and build capacity for land degradation monitoring at different scales and in different contexts and (ii) create knowledge networks to share lessons learned and monitoring data among and between different stakeholders, scales and locations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Budyko假设和SCS-CN模型的河源区水源涵养功能研究

河源区作为一种重要生态功能区,具有重要的生态系统服务功能。以沁河源区为例,利用Budyko假设和SCS-CN模型研究了其水源涵养功能空间分布特征,并比较了不同土地利用类型、海拔和坡度下的水源涵养能力。结果表明:（1）沁河源区多年平均水源涵养量为306.48 mm,水源涵养总量为4.19亿m³;（2）不同土地利用类型水源涵养功能不同,落叶阔叶林和常绿针叶林的水源涵养贡献率和水源涵养量均值最大,贡献率分别为43.99%和42.00%,水源涵养量均值分别为330.41 mm和364.53 mm;（3）不同海拔高度上水源涵养功能不同,海拔1 000～1 500 m地区是水源涵养功能的主体,水源涵养量均值在海拔1 500～2 000 m地区最大,为401.71 mm;（4）不同坡度上水源涵养功能不同,缓坡和斜坡的水源涵养贡献率最大,急坡、陡坡和险坡上水源涵养量均值分别为373.62 mm,368.32 mm和363.94 mm。     

Farmers’ perceptions of earthworms and their role in soil

Farmers’ perceptions of earthworms were surveyed based on the criteria they use to identify them, i.e., use of common names, knowledge of morphological characteristics, presence in various land uses, soil layers, as well as direct and indirect use. A total of 39 farmers of the La Vieja River watershed in Colombia were interviewed and the data submitted to chi-square test and multiple correspondence analysis. Significant differences (p < 0.1) were found in farmers’ replies in relation to recognition and use of earthworms depending on gender, level of schooling, and age. According to the interviewees, earthworm abundance was highest in plantain and coffee crops, in places where harvest residues accumulate, and in soil layers from 0 to 20 cm depth. The topsoil was identified as the main area of recognition, which can be attributed to soil preparation tasks. Farmers differentiated earthworms by shape and color and in 97% of the cases, by size and how they react when captured. They recognized nine species and used several common names to differentiate them. Most (95%) farmers considered earthworms as soil quality indicators and many (38–49%) of them recognized their use for recreation and medicinal purposes and as important for soil organic matter decomposition. This study showed the value of local farmer knowledge for scientists as part of research aiming to facilitate communication between farmers and scientists and generate complementary means of addressing and interpreting natural processes and dynamics at the ecosystem level. It also highlights the need to draw from farmers’ perceptions in informal education processes and to link the contributions of scientists to traditional knowledge in order to consolidate proposals related to biodiversity conservation and use in rural development programs.     

长株潭地区土地可持续利用综合评价及空间分区

为解决制约经济社会发展的资源约束难题,实现土地资源可持续利用,该文通过土地可持续利用综合评价深入了解长株潭地区土地可持续利用的空间格局,选择代表土地利用经济效益化、土地利用集约化、土地利用环境生态化和土地利用社会和谐化的22个因子,运用因子分析法和多指标综合评价法计算长株潭地区土地可持续利用综合分值。同时结合系统聚类方法,应用GIS软件绘制了该区的土地可持续综合利用分布图。研究结果表明长株潭地区的大部分县区土地利用处于可持续起步阶段,可持续利用水平有待整体提高;在空间分布上将研究区具体划分为5类土地可持续综合利用区,土地资源可持续利用具有明显的区域层次,呈现出不均衡的发展格局。结合区域具体分区的汇总结果,并对该区域的土地开发和利用工作提出了针对性的调整布局建议。该文为长株潭地区土地开发和利用决策的制定提供科学依据。     

基于土壤-环境关系的更新传统土壤图研究

传统土壤图是流域管理、生态水文模型所需土壤空间分布信息的主要数据源。然而,受传统制图技术和基础数据质量所限,传统土壤图的空间详细度和属性精确度并不高。随着地理信息技术的发展,如何利用可获取的高质量空间数据和现代空间分析技术来更新传统土壤图显得十分必要。基于传统土壤图中的土壤多边形与通过模糊聚类所得环境因子组合之间存在着对应关系这一假设,本文提出了一种从传统土壤图中提取土壤-环境关系知识并利用该知识更新传统土壤图的方法。该方法包括四个步骤:对环境数据进行模糊c均值聚类获取环境因子组合;利用传统土壤图建立环境因子组合与土壤类型间的对应关系;提取土壤-环境关系知识;进行土壤推理制图。将该方法应用于加拿大New B runsw ick省的W akefield研究区,以更新该区现有的1∶20 000的传统土壤图。应用结果表明:更新后的数字土壤图显示了更详细的空间分布信息;经野外独立验证点验证,所得土壤图(制图单元为土壤组合-排水等级)精度高出原土壤图约20%。因此,该方法是一种有效的更新传统土壤图的方法,可增加土壤图的空间详细度、提高土壤图的属性精确度。     

结合统计和数字地形数据的可视化方法预测土壤深度

Information about the spatial distribution of soil attributes is indispensable for many land resource management applications; however, the ability of soil maps to supply such information for modern modeling tools is questionable. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of predicting soil depth using some terrain attributes derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with geographic information systems (GIS) and to suggest an approach to predict other soil attributes. Soil depth was determined at 652 field observations over the Al-Muwaqqar Watershed (70 km²) in Jordan. Terrain attributes derived from 30-m resolution DEMs were utilized to predict soil depth. The results indicated that the use of multiple linear regression models within small watershed subdivisions enabled the prediction of soil depth with a difference of 50 cm for 77% of the field observations. The spatial distribution of the predicted soil depth was visually coincided and had good correlations with the spatial distribution of the classes amalgamating three terrain attributes, slope steepness, slope shape, and compound topographic index. These suggested that the modeling of soil-landscape relationships within small watershed subdivisions using the three terrain attributes was a promising approach to predict other soil attributes.     

Infiltration patterns into two soils under conventional and conservation tillage: influence of the spatial distribution of plant root structures and soil animal activity

The characteristics and properties of the soil macropore system may cause different infiltration behavior under different tillage practices. To evaluate the effect of a specific tillage system on infiltration and percolation with particular regard to the influence of crop structure and soil animal activity dye tracer irrigation experiments were conducted in a silty (Luvisol) as well as in a sandy loam soil (Podzolluvisol). The spatial distribution of water flow paths was experimentally examined at four square areas of 0.49 m², under conservation and conventional tillage. Natural rainstorms were simulated by irrigating the plots with 2.8×10⁻³ M methylene blue solutions. For both soils the root crowns of the agricultural crop, wormcasts and stained soil sections as well as macroscopic conduits were traced on plastic sheets. The investigated soil depths were 0, 5, 10 and 20 cm for the both soils. For the Luvisol, the 30, 40, 50, 80 and 120 cm depths were also studied.For the Luvisol, the conservation tillage plot revealed pronounced vertical connectivity and continuity of the macropore network (maximum depth of stained pores=120 cm), while at the conventional tillage plot, continuous macropores were observed to soil depths of 50 cm, but mainly restricted to the ploughed topsoil (0–30 cm soil depth).For the Podzolluvisol, at the conservation tillage site extensive mulch residues prevented water transport beneath 5 cm soil depth. In contrast, at the conventionally tilled site stained water reached a depth of 20 cm. For all investigated plots on both soil types, the location of the root crowns of agricultural crop and of wormcasts was not related to percolation patterns.The results suggest that conservation tillage on silty soils under agricultural landuse could induce an increased water retention capacity reducing the significance of fast runoff components.     

柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度对土壤水分空间分布的响应

为研究柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)细根与土壤水分的空间关系,以内蒙古农牧交错带10 a生柠条锦鸡儿细根为研究对象,对细根表面积密度与土壤含水率之间的关系进行了初步探讨。分别对柠条锦鸡儿细根和土壤水分的空间分布情况进行研究发现,垂直和水平土层方向各标准地柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度与土壤含水率均呈极显著相关,相关系数均大于0.65(P0.01)。经回归分析建立柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度与土壤含水率之间的关系模型并对模型进行验证,验证结果发现该模型可以很好地描述两者之间的关系(R~2=0.84,P0.01)。撂荒地土壤含水率比柠条地高71%,研究区柠条地出现至少200 cm的土壤干层,部分土层接近凋萎湿度,柠条生长受阻。研究结果对于干旱区人工柠条林的栽植管理具有重要意义,可为北方农牧交错带生态环境建设及植被恢复提供理论依据。     

基于多层感知器神经网络的土地利用数据库更新模型及应用

针对土地利用数据库更新规则复杂、不同更新类型与更新规则自动匹配困难等问题,该文提出并构建了一种基于多层感知器神经网络的土地利用要素自适应更新模型。该模型将土地利用要素的每个变更类型判断及更新行为判断过程均设计成一个神经元,同类神经元组织成一个网络层,所有网络层采用全连接方式构成一个多层感知更新策略判断模型。该模型可以自动完成变更类型与更新规则的正确快速匹配,且可根据更新规则的变化,灵活改变知识库并产生新的推理机。试验表明:该模型明显减少了人工交互环节,综合更新效率较各基地软件可以提高30%左右,一次性更新正确率可以提高5个百分点以上,研究成果可为土地利用数据库的高效自动更新提供一整套新的解决方案。