全熟期墨麦草化学成分和体外消化率的若干相关特性研究

本研究分析测定了全熟期黑麦草全植株及其各形态部分的化学成分和消化率，并分析其相互间的关系。结果证明，各形态部分的化学成分和消化率有很大差异性。叶片营养价值最高，叶鞘次之，而茎秆最低，但茎秆占全植株重量百分比最大，故其对营养价值的影响也最大。各形态部分细胞壁有机物质率与其木质素呈显著负相关；而体外有机物质消化率与ＣＷＯＭＤ值呈显著相相关，而且茎秆的ＩＶＯＭＤ植与细胞内容物也呈显著正相关，要提高黑麦草     

枯萎黑麦草化学成分和消化率相关特性研究

分析测定了一年生枯萎期黑麦草全植株及其主要形态部分的化学成分和消化率，结果证明：植株各主要形态部分占全植株的重要量百分比，茎秆，叶鞘，叶片和穗头分别为４２％，１９％，１１％和２８％。叶片含氮量最高，而木质素却最低，茎秆的中性洗涤纤维最高，而氮素却最。颈秆的ＶＩＯＭＤ和ＣＷＯＭＤ值最小，叶鞘次之，叶片最大。各形态部分ＣＷＯＭＤ值与木质素含量呈显著负相关，ＩＶＯＭＤ值与ＣＷＯＭＤ值呈显著正相关，茎秆的     

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＥＴＡＩＮＧＦＯＲＳＯＭＥＰＡＲＴＯＦＭＥＴＨＩＯＮＩＮＧＯＮＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＡＮＤＣＡＲＣＡＳＳＱＵＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＢＲＯＩＬＥＲＳＤｅｎｇＹ...     

东欧国家的家兔生产（连载三）

东欧国家的家兔生产（连载三）意大利ＣＯＬＩＮＭ．著魏文华译养兔生产结构尽管２～３年以来，产生了一些专门化的私人兔场，但兔肉生产的９５％仍是由传统兔场完成。这已由不同的研究者研究过（ＬＥＢＡＳ，１９７５；ＫＵＳＴＯＳ等１９８８；ＫＵＳＴＯＳ和ＣＤＯＮＫ...     

有丝分裂原对离体boPBMC增殖和分泌Ig的作用

应用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＦＡＣＳ研究了离体奶牛外周血单核细胞（ｂｐＰＢＭＣ）对有丝分裂原的免疫应答。ＰＷＭ和ＣｏｎＡ能不同程度地诱导ｂｏＰＢＭＣ增殖和分泌Ｉｇ；而ＳＥＢ只能使ｂｏＰＢＭＣ高度增殖而不分泌Ｉｇ（Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＰＷＭ诱导的ｂｏＰＢＭＣ经１２ｄ培养，其中ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞的比率为２．９：１；而ＳＥＢ诱导的细胞为０．３：１。离体ｂｏＰＢＭＣ主要分泌ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ１，只有     

NJS系小鼠的多项遗传纯度监测与分析

对作者培育的ＮＪＳ小鼠进行了生化标志基因测试、免疫标志基因测试、毛色基因测试、皮肤移植试验、下颌骨形态分析等多项遗传监测。结果表明，控制ＮＪＳ小鼠的生化、免疫、形态等遗传学性状的基因位点均已纯合，该小鼠符合近交系动物的遗传纯度要求。ＮＪＳ小鼠是一株新培育的近交系，具有独特的遗传概貌和特性。所检的分布在１２条染色体上的２５个生化标志基因未见与其他近交系小鼠完全相同。Ｈ－２位点基因为Ｈ－２Ｋｄ、Ｈ－２Ｄｋ。毛色基因型为ＡＡＢＢｃｃＤＤ。下颌骨形态判别函数ＤＦ１、ＤＦ２、ＤＦ３、ＤＦ４值分别为４．５１、－６．３１、０．１６、－０．８５。与近交系ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ、Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６、６１５、ＳＭＭＣ／ｃ的遗传距离分别为８３．１９、６２．８７、４１．３４、２２．４４。     

鸡贫血病毒山东分离株全基因克隆

设计了 Ｃ Ａ５、 Ｃ Ａ６ 和 Ｃ Ａ７、 Ｃ Ａ８ 两对引物,分别扩增鸡贫血病毒（ Ｃ Ａ Ｖ）山东分离株 Ｓ Ｊ１ 的 １５ Ｋｂ 和 ０８ Ｋｂ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 片段。并将这两个片段分别克隆至 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ１１９ 和ｐ Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ（ Ｓ Ｋ＋ ）载体质粒,最后一起克隆到 ｐ Ｑ Ｅ３２ 载体质粒上,使两个片段前后连接成一个全长的病毒 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ。用该质粒转染 Ｍ Ｄ Ｃ Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ Ｂ１ 细胞,经免疫荧光抗体法和 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测到 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 病毒,结果证明我们得到了一个 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 感染性全基因克隆。     

传染性支气管炎病毒中国地方分离株RFLP基因分型的研究

为初步确定我国不同地区流行的传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）的基因分型，对分离自国内８个不同地域疫区的ＩＢＶＱＤ、ＧＺ、ＺＺ、ＴＪ、ＤＬ、ＹＣ、ＪＳ１和ＪＳ２及参考株Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２和Ｔ的Ｓ１基因ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ｃＤＮＡ进行ＨａｅⅢ的ＲＦＬＰ分析。结果，ＱＤ与ＭＤ４１、Ｈ５２同属Ｍａｓｓａｃｈｕｓｓｅｔｅ基因型，ＧＺ、ＺＺ、ＹＣ与Ｔ的基因型相同，ＤＬ、ＪＳ１和ＪＳ２则表现为各自独立的基因型，而ＴＪ则为ＤＬ和Ｔ２种基因型毒株的混合感染，表明我国的广大地域内存在着Ｍａｓｓ基因型、Ｔ基因型和可能的变异株ＩＢＶ的流行。     

荒漠猫血液蛋白质和酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５只荒漠猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓｂｉｅｔｉ）血液中的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），运铁蛋白（ＴＦ），亲血色蛋白（Ｈｐ）以及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ），淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ），酯酶（ＥＳ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，被检荒漠猫的ＴＦ，Ｈｐ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｓ－ＥＳ和Ｓ－ＡＬＰ共５个基因座存在多态性，ＨＢ，ＲＢＣ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＬＤＨ，ＲＢＣ－ＥＳ和ＲＢＣ－ＡＬＰ共６个基因座为单态，表明荒漠猫的血液蛋白质和酶具有颇大的遗传变异性     

沙打量叶片愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的研究

本文对沙打旺叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导和植株再生进行初步研究。建立了叶片外植体细胞无性系。并获得再生植株。试验以ＭＳ为基本培养基，附加不同浓度的２．４－Ｄ、ＮＡＡ、ＩＡＡ、ＢＡ、ＫＴ和ＺＴ。单独附加２，４－Ｄ时，８５％的外植体形成愈伤组织。２，４－Ｄ与ＺＴ或ＢＡ配合使用时，形成愈伤组织的百分率虽降低，但这种愈伤组织可继代培养和诱导分化成苗。在ＭＳ培养基上附加ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ时，则获得再生苗。ＢＡ、ＮＡ和２     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein