金地灵芝液体发酵产胞外多糖的营养条件优化

以金地灵芝为试材,探究了碳源、氮源及无机盐对其液态发酵产胞外多糖量的影响,通过单因素试验并运用Design Expert软件设计响应面试验优化发酵培养基的组分,以得到金地灵芝液态发酵产灵芝多糖的最优培养基配方。结果表明:优化后的最佳碳源为玉米粉,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳辅助无机盐为MgSO_4·7H_2O,最优培养基配方为3.98%玉米粉,0.68%蛋白胨,0.21%MgSO_4·7H_2O,0.05%K_2HPO_4,0.05%KH_2PO_4,0.001%维生素B_1。优化后胞外多糖得率提高了30.14%。     

亮菌多糖深层培养条件优化

试验探讨了亮菌发酵中碳源、氮源、pH对菌丝多糖积累的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖、玉米粉、蛋白胨均有利于菌丝的生长和多糖的形成。其对发酵影响顺序为碳源〉氮源〉pH。通过正交试验确定了亮菌多糖最佳发酵培养基。     

桑黄黄酮液体发酵培养基的优化

研究了不同碳源、氮源对桑黄(Phellinus linteus)液体培养中胞内黄酮产量的影响。通过单因素试验筛选出最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为黄豆粉;利用L_9(3~4)正交试验,初步筛选出了桑黄胞内黄酮液体发酵优化培养基为玉米粉2.0%、葡萄糖1.5%、黄豆粉1.0%、蛋白胨1%、酵母膏0.5%、KH_2PO_40.2%、MgSO_40.05%、VB110mg/100m L。     

五株荷叶离褶伞碳氮源及适合发酵菌株的筛选

以荷叶离褶伞为试材,以菌丝体生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标,分别采用不同碳源和氮源对5株荷叶离褶伞菌株进行单因素液体发酵试验,以期筛选荷叶离褶伞液体培养最适碳源、氮源及适合发酵菌株,并为探索其工厂化发酵奠定理论基础。结果表明:菌株ZY01、ZY02及ZY03的最适碳源是蔗糖,最适氮源是蛋白胨,其次为麸皮、尿素;菌株ZY04、ZY05以菌丝体生物量为指标的最适碳源是葡萄糖,最适氮源是蛋白胨,以胞外多糖产量为指标的最适碳源是蔗糖,最适氮源分别是尿素、蛋白胨;菌株ZY02的菌丝体生物量为12.626g/L与ZY03的胞外多糖产量为11.5148mg/L在分别以2%蔗糖+0.2%蛋白胨、2%蔗糖+0.3%蛋白胨组合试验中值最大;不同碳、氮源对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体生物量及胞外多糖产量的影响不呈正相关,菌株ZY02、ZY03分别是各指标下的适宜发酵菌株。     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

灵芝液体发酵条件研究及保健饮料的研制

试验对灵芝液体发酵培养基的氮源、碳源及其最适浓度、初始pH、发酵温度、发酵时间和灵芝液体发酵饮料的生产工艺进行了研究。结果表明,灵芝液体最适发酵为：氮、碳源分别为蛋白胨、葡萄糖,碳源浓度为3％,培养基初始pH 6．5,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时问5 d。通过正交实验,确定了灵芝液体发酵保健饮料的最佳配方：灵芝发酵液14．3％,甜味剂5％,柠檬酸0．02％。研制出了符合食品卫生标准的灵芝液体发酵保健饮料。     

黑木耳液体发酵条件优化研究

以黑木耳1703为供试菌株，采用单因素试验，研究碳源、碳源质量浓度、氮源、氮源质量浓度、接种量、培养基初始pH、摇床转速对黑木耳菌丝体生物量的影响；用正交试验研究葡萄糖、蛋白胨和培养基初始pH对菌丝体生物量的影响。结果表明，葡萄糖、蛋白胨、培养基初始pH对菌丝体生物量影响显著，液体发酵的最佳条件：葡萄糖20 g/L，蛋白胨3 g/L，培养基初始pH为6，接种量为8%，摇床转速为150 r/min。结果为黑木耳1703液体菌种的培养应用提供参考。     

不同培养基及培养条件对鸡腿菇深层培养菌丝体及胞内多糖的影响

研究了鸡腿菇深层发酵培养基及培养条件对菌丝体和胞内多糖产量的影响。对液体培养时间、培养基碳源、培养基氮源及培养基初始pH各单因子进行了实验，结果：培养时间6天、碳源为葡萄糖、氨源为麸皮、初始pH6.0时多糖产量最高。对碳源、氮源、初始pH进行正交实验，确定液体培养基组成：葡萄糖4％、麸皮3％，酵母膏0．5％，KH2PO40．1％，CaCO30.2%,MgSO40.05%,pH4.5。与单因素实验结果有差别。在所试的因素中，pH对菌丝体产量影响较大，氮源对多糖产量影响较大。     

桑黄菌液体发酵培养基及发酵条件研究

研究了桑黄菌在发酵过程中菌丝体及胞内外多糖产量变化趋势,碳源、氮源以及接种量、摇床转速、温度和pH值等因素对桑黄菌液体深层发酵菌丝产量的影响。结果表明:玉米粉为最佳碳源,豆饼粉为最佳氮源,优化培养基配方为:玉米粉4.0%、豆饼0.5%、KH2PO40.1%、MgSO4.7H2O0.05%;最适菌丝体生长的液体发酵条件:培养温度26℃,摇瓶转速130rpm,pH值6.5,接种量15%￣20%,培养时间7d。     

三种药用灵芝摇瓶发酵营养生理的比较研究

本文比较研究了赤芝Ganoderma lucidum,紫芝Ganoderma sinense,甜芝Ganoderma sp.等3种不同物种灵芝的液体发酵的营养生理特性结果表明：供试灵芝在不同碳源、氮源的液体培养基中进行深层振荡发酵，分别获得不同产量的菌体细胞、胞外多糖、胞内多糖试验发现3种灵芝均以玉米淀粉为最佳碳源，检定的3种目标代谢产物量均显著高于葡萄糖、麦芽糖等碳源，但不同物种灵芝在特定碳源条件下表达的菌体生物量与胞外多糖、胞内多糖产量之间的相关性呈现不同规律试验还对不同氯源条件进行比较，结果显示：3种灵芝均在以酵母粉为有机氯源的培养基中产生较高量的菌体细胞和胞内多糖．但发酵产生胞外多糖的最适氮源不尽相同．赤芝为酵母粉，而紫芝和甜芝则为无机氮源(NII4)2SO4上述主要结果对灵芝类药用成分的发酵生产工艺具有参考价值。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.