不同饲养模式对农村养猪经济效益的影响

1试验方法 1．1试验动物 试验选用15日龄120头（平均体重2．8kg）荣昌母猪×长白公猪的杂交后代进行试验,试验分为2个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复20头;试验期为40d。     

粪链球菌对大肠杆菌体外抑菌试验

药物残留和细菌微生物抗药性，给饲料工业、食品工业和环境保护带来严重威胁。应用微生态制剂替代抗生素，作为饲料添加剂，以维持动物肠道微生物区系正常，防止疾病、促进动物生长，其前景广为人们注目。我们以从畜群中分离到的粪链球菌作体外抑菌试验，观察其抑菌作用，探讨其作用机理和筛选实用菌种。1材料和方法1．1材料1．1．1试验菌株：粪链球菌由厂制剂研究室分离提供；猪大肠杆菌由农业部中监所提供。1．1．2培养基：液体、固体培养基均为1％葡萄糖营养基质，pH7．2。每试管为10ml液体。固体培养基另加琼脂。1．1．3试验用菌液：将…     

盐酸金霉素-三甲氧苄氮嘧啶预混剂、硫酸新霉素-三甲氧苄氮嘧啶预混剂急性毒性试验

1．1试验药物盐酸金霉素、硫酸新霉素、三甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)原粉，由杭州爱力迈动物药业有限公司提供。1.2试验动物大白鼠购自浙江省实验动物中心。     

B超法诊断犬妊娠日龄的研究

1 材料与方法 1．1 试验材料 试验动物为2岁以上且有正常生育能力的罗威纳母犬15头。试验仪器：本田HS-2100医学超声波诊断仪（3．5MHz／5MHz／7MHz）、医用耦合剂、毛剪。1．2试验方法固定：由犬主人辅助，使犬仰卧（如犬不配合，也可以采取侧卧势）。     

七彩山鸡新城疫病毒的分离及生物学特性测定

用SPF鸡胚从疑似七彩山鸡新城疫病鸡群中分离到1株病毒，经HA和HI试验及病毒中和试验证明该分离毒为七彩山鸡新城疫病毒。动物回归试验表明，分离毒肌肉注射非免疫七彩山鸡能使之发病、死亡，出现与自然病例一致的症状与病变，但肌注SPF鸡只能感染，不出现临床症状。其生物学特性：NHAT为快、HOT为8min、ICPI为1．46、IVPI为1．6、MDT为76．8h，与鸡新城疫病毒相比，表现出不同的特性。     

增加母猪日粮对其所产仔猪的生产性能的影响

1材料和方法1．1试验动物和试验日粮将199头、胎次为0—6、妊娠40d的约克夏×大白母猪设置成2个处理组．每个设置2个重复．其中一组为对照组，另一组为试验组。两个处理组母猪的身体健康状况（BCS）用5个等级来表示．其中1=极差，5=极优。     

中草药饲料添加剂的毒性试验和体外抑菌试验

试验旨在研究中草药饲料添加剂的毒性和体外抑菌活性。毒性试验和体外抑菌试验显示中草药饲料添加剂经小鼠灌胃给药后,未出现明显急性毒性症状,小鼠1日最大给药剂量150g／kg,相当于奶牛用量的3000倍（含量为0．9％时为1667倍）、肉牛用量的6000倍（含量为0．9％时为3333倍）。表明所用的中草药饲料添加剂对牛、羊等动物基本无毒害作用。体外抑菌试验中,液体稀释法表明中药配方1以1：16稀释对沙门氏菌有明显抑菌效果,为其最低抑菌浓度;琼脂稀释法表明配方1和2以1：2稀释对金黄色葡萄球菌原液有抑菌作用,配方1作用稍强于配方2。试验表明中草药饲料添加剂对动物基本无毒,且在体外具有一定的抑菌活性。     

合生素对白羽肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

1材料与方法1．1试验动物与设计试验选用内蒙古草原兴发股份有限公司培育的1日龄健康白羽肉鸡雏480羽,公母各半,按体质量随机分成4个处理组。处理A为正对照组（使用抗生素）;处理B为负对照组（不使用抗生素）;处理D为0．10％合生素组;处理E为0．05％合生素组。     

七种国内外蓝舌病琼扩和ELISA检测试剂的比对试验及结果分析

在国际贸易中．在双边签定的动物检疫条款中．检测蓝舌病的血清学方法一般要求用琼扩试验或ELISA试验。     

雏鸡磺胺喹噁啉中毒试验

1材料与方法1．1材料 1．1．1雏鸡 1日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡90只，泰安市某种鸡场提供。1．1．2药品 磺胺喹嚼啉购自昆山制药厂，TMP购自山东寿光制药厂，两药按4：1比例混合。1．2试验方法1．2．1实验动物及饲养选用1日龄的健康海兰褐蛋雏鸡90只，     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …