Conditioning time and sodium bentonite affect pellet quality,growth performance,nutrient retention and intestinal morphology of growing broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of conditioning times and processed sodium bentonite (PSB)-based pellet binder (G. Bind?) on pellet quality, performance, small intestine morphology, and nutrient retention in growing broiler chickens (d 11–24).

2. A total of 540, one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed a commercial starter diet (d 1–10). On day 11, birds were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement including two conditioning times (2 and 4 min) and three levels of PSB (0, 7.5 and 15 g/kg) with six replicates of 15 chicks each. Feed intake and weight gain were recorded to calculate growth performance. The jejunal segment and excreta samples were collected to determine intestinal morphology and nutrient retention, respectively.

3. Diets produced with 2 min conditioning time and containing 15 g/kg PSB increased (P < 0.05) pellet durability index and hardness. Conditioning time and PSB levels had no significant effect on growth performance. The inclusion of PSB to broilers diet increased (P < 0.05) energy usage of the pelleting machine. Chickens fed the diet conditioned for 2 min and containing 15 g/kg PSB had the lowest (P < 0.05) relative jejunal length. Two minutes conditioning of diets containing 15 g/kg PSB increased (P < 0.05) apparent metabolisable energy retention in broilers.

4. It was concluded that 2 min conditioning of diet containing 15 g/kg PSB improved pellet quality and nutrient retention of broiler chickens, while the main effects of conditioning time and PSB levels were controversial in most evaluated parameters.     

Effects of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,viscosity and intestinal morphology of broilers

1. The study aimed to investigate the effect of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosa characteristics of broilers.

2. A total of 800 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 10 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were fed with 4 different diets: (i) HE: positive control group broilers received a diet with unaltered energy; (ii) LE: negative control group broilers received a diet with lower energy of about 0.27 MJ/kg; (iii) LElys500: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 500 g/tn lysolecithin product (Lysoforte Booster Dry^TM); and (iv) LElys300: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 300 g/tn lysolecithin product. The experimental period was 42 d.

3. Body weight gain in treatments HE was higher than LE during the overall experimental period, while LElys500 and LElys300 had intermediate values. Feed conversion ratio was lower in HE and LElys500 than LE group, while the LElys300 had intermediate values. Fat digestibility was improved in both LElys 500 and LElys300 compared to the HE group. Apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) was higher in HE, LElys500 and LElys300 than LE. Ileum viscosity at 42 d was also affected, being higher in LE group compared to HE. At 28 d mucosal thickness was lower both in LElys500 and LElys300 compared to HE and LE, while no difference occurred between treatment proliferation patterns of duodenal epithelial cells.

4. These findings indicated that lysolecithin supplementation at 500 g/tn of feed in low-energy diets maintained broiler performance. Supplementation of reformulated low-energy diets induced an increase in digesta viscosity. Lysolecithin supplementation resulted in variable alterations in the duodenum mucosal morphology.     

Influence of feed form and conditioning time on pellet quality,performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the feed form and conditioning time of pelleted diets on pellet quality, broiler performance and nutrient digestibility during the starter phase. A total of 480 male Cobb broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments with eight replicates each. Treatments consisted of a mash diet and five crumbled diets submitted to different conditioning times (zero, 60, 80, 100, or 120 seconds). The broilers fed pelleted diets submitted to steam conditioning presented higher feed intake and BW gain (P ≤ 0.05), higher coefficient of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) of DM and CP, as well as higher ileal digestible energy (IDE) (P ≤ 0.05) than those fed the mash diet. However, treatments did not influence FCR or starch digestibility (P > 0.05). Feed intake increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with conditioning time while a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05) was noted for IDE. Conditioning time did not affect the amount of intact pellets or protein solubility (P > 0.05), but increased pellet durability index (P ≤ 0.01), pellet hardness (P ≤ 0.05), and water activity (P ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that feed physical form and conditioning time influence the performance and nutrient digestibility in starter broilers. and that increasing conditioning times promote better pellet quality.     

抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。     

不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和肠绒毛形态的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、肠绒毛形态和肠道菌群的影响.试验将刚孵化的528只1日龄肉鸡随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复22只.在为期5周的饲养试验中,对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,处理1组和处理2组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+1和2?g/kg枯草芽孢杆菌(1.5×109 CFU/g).结果:处...     

葡萄渣对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化及肉质的影响

文章旨在探讨葡萄渣对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和肉品质的影响。将500只1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复25只鸡。日粮分为4个处理:对照组(基础日粮),处理1~3组在基础日粮中分别添加4、6和8g/kg葡萄渣。试验从1日龄开展到28日龄。结果显示,日粮添加葡萄渣对体增重无显著线性影响(P>0.05),但对1~7d和8~14d体增重的影响具有显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),22~28d和1~28d体增重、采食量和饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。除灰分表观消化率随葡萄渣添加水平的升高呈二次曲线趋势外(P=0.07),葡萄渣对其他养分表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。葡萄渣添加水平对血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白水平无显著影响(P>0.05),而总胆固醇和血清IgG水平表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05)。随着葡萄渣添加水平的升高,肌肉储存0、5和10d后硫代巴比妥酸反应物值表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),在储存5d和10d时呈二次曲线效应(P<0.05)。此外,葡萄渣也显著降低了肌肉的鲜红度,表现为显著线性和二次曲线效应(P<0.05)。综上所述,在肉鸡日粮中添加8g/kg的葡萄渣,在不影响肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率和胴体性状的前提下可有效降低血清胆固醇,改善肉鸡的肉质参数。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance,intestinal morphology,sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers

Today, several strategies are being used to decrease the serious effects of antibiotics abuse on broilers industry and public health, among which synbiotics are one of the most promising antibiotic alternative. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of synbiotics, which composed of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide), on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant parameters of broilers. Four hundred and fifty one‐day‐old commercial Cobb48 broilers were assigned to five treatments consisting of six replicates of 15 birds each pen. Five dietary treatments include basal diets (control), basal diets plus antibiotics (4 mg/kg Xanthomycin), basal diets plus 1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), basal diets plus 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%), and basal diets plus synbiotics (1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%). The results demonstrated that on 21 and 42 days, dietary supplementation of the synbiotics significantly increased daily weight gain (p < 0.05), feed efficiency (p < 0.05), the villus height and villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), as well as intestinal mucosa sIgA content (p < 0.05), serum T‐SOD activity (p < 0.05) and lysozyme content (p < 0.05), comparing with control group. In conclusion, synbiotics (B. subtilis and xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide) is one of the safe and ideal dietary supplementations to increase broilers' growth performance by improving small intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capabilities.     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

全混合日粮营养水平对热应激肉牛生长性能、瘤胃形态学及肉质的影响

文章旨在评估热应激条件下通过调整全混合日粮营养水平来改善肉牛生长性能、瘤胃形态学及肉品质.试验将6月龄大、平均体重为(85.08±2.31)kg的64头荷斯坦肉牛随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每组32头.从6月龄开始试验,两组肉牛分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.0％和12.0％的全混合日粮,持续到15月龄.整个试验期间外界环...     

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal-based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7–21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.     

壳寡糖对断奶仔猪回肠养分消化、小肠形态及隐窝细胞增殖的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮添加壳寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和小肠功能的影响,评估其作为断奶仔猪日粮中抗生素替代品的效果。试验选择21 d断奶的三元仔猪280头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复14头猪,各组猪只分别饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加0、80、160、240 mg/kg壳寡糖和45 mg/kg盐霉素的日粮,试验分为1~28 d和29~56 d两个阶段,共进行8周。结果显示,日粮添加160 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高回肠粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、钙和磷的表观消化率(P <0.05),显著提高小肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05),同时显著提高56 d十二指肠和空肠隐窝细胞增殖活力(P <0.05)。结论:日粮添加160 mg/kg壳寡糖可以通过提高回肠养分表观消化率、绒毛高度和肠上皮细胞的数量来促进消化吸收能力,进而提高断奶仔猪生长性能和健康状态,其作用与盐霉素的效果相当。     

Effect of herbal feed additives on performance parameters,intestinal microbiota,intestinal morphology and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. This feeding trial investigated the effects of herbal feed additives on performance of broiler chickens, jejunal and caecal microbiota, jejunal morphology, meat chemical composition and oxidative stability during refrigerated storage.

2. In a 42 days trial, 320 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 4 replicate pens each containing 20 chicks. The control group was fed maize–soybean-based diets. The diets of the other three groups were supplemented with herbal feed additives: HRB1 with Stresomix^TM (0.5 g/kg feed); HRB2 with Ayucee^TM (1.0 g/kg feed); HRB3 with Salcochek Pro^TM (1.0 g/kg feed). The GC/MS analysis of the feed additives showed that the major components of HRB1 were β-caryophyllene (14.4%) and menthol (9.8%); HRB2 were n-hexadecanoic acid (14.22%) and β-caryophyllene (14.4%); and HRB3 were menthol (69.6%) and clavicol methyl ether (13.9%).

3. Intestinal samples were taken at 42 day to determine bacterial populations (total aerobe counts, Lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli) and perform gut morphology analysis. Meat samples were analysed for chemical composition and oxidative stability under storage.

4. The HRB1 group had improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and tended to have improved (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) feed conversion ratio, compared to the control group. Jejunum lactic acid bacteria counts were increased (P < 0.001) in groups HRB1 and HRB3, compared to the control group, whereas caecal lactic acid bacteria counts tended to increase (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1, compared to the control group. Breast meat fat content tended to be lower (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1. Meat oxidative stability was improved (P < 0.001), and jejunum villus height, crypt depth and goblet cells numbers were increased (P < 0.001) in all three herbal supplemented groups, compared to the control.

5. In conclusion, herbal feed additives may be able to improve both growth performance and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens, based on their phenolic compound content.     

Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility,intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early‐weaned piglets

The abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk‐borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty‐two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post‐weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up‐regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.     

Effects of different rearing systems on growth,small intestinal morphology and selected indices of fermentation status in broilers

A 3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rearing system and stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and fermentation status of broilers. Broilers were kept on three rearing systems: floor litter rearing (FRS), plastic net rearing (NRS) and multilayer cage rearing system (CRS), each with two stocking densities (normal and high stocking densities). Results showed that on 7 to 28 days of age, body weight gain appeared as FRS > NRS > CRS. Whereas, CRS significantly enhanced the weight gain of broilers compared with the other systems subsequently. Broilers on FRS had higher counts of cecum Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli at 28 days of age but had more Escherichia coli and less Bifidobacteria than CRS at 42 days of age. The FRS also decreased volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and jejunal villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio at all ages. In conclusion, FRS appeared to benefit gut microorganisms during the early growing period along with high body weight gain of broilers, whereas this system might have a harmful effect on subsequent intestinal growth, as indicated by high E. coli, low Bifidobacteria count, low VFA concentration and villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio along with low weight gain of broilers.     

An antimicrobial peptide-A3: effects on growth performance,nutrient retention,intestinal and faecal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers

1. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with an antimicrobial peptide-A3 (AMP-A3) on growth performance, nutrient retention, intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers.

2. A total of 320-d-old chicks (Ross 308, average BW 44.0 ± 3.4 g) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments on the basis of initial body weight (BW). The dietary treatments were negative control (NC; basal diet), positive control (PC; basal diet + 15 mg avilamycin/kg diet) and AMP-A3 (basal diet supplemented with 60 or 90 mg/kg AMP-A3). The NC diet was considered as 0 mg/kg AMP-A3 treatment. Experimental diets were given in two phases: starter phase (d 0–21) and finisher phase (d 22–35).

3. The overall BW gain and retention of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE; d 19–21) and crude protein (CP; d 19–21 and d 33–35) were greater in birds fed on the PC and 90 mg/kg AMP-A3 diets than in birds fed on the NC diet. Also, an increase in dietary AMP-A3 linearly improved BW gain and retention of DM, GE (d 19–21) and CP (d 19–21 and d 33–35).

4. Birds fed on the PC and 90 mg/kg AMP-A3 diets had fewer excreta coliforms (d 21 and d 35), total anaerobic bacteria (TAB) and Clostridium spp. (d 35) and ileum and caecum coliforms (d 35) than birds fed on the NC diet. In addition, birds fed on the diet supplemented with increasing levels of AMP-A3 had linearly reduced excreta TAB (d 35), Clostridium spp. and coliforms (d 21 and d 35) and ileum and caecum coliforms (d 35).

5. Birds fed on the PC and 90 mg/kg AMP-A3 diets had greater villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum than birds fed on the NC diet. Moreover, birds fed on increasing levels of AMP-A3 diet had increased (linear) villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

6. These results indicate that 90 mg/kg AMP-A3 has the potential to improve growth performance, nutrient retention and intestinal morphology and to reduce harmful microorganisms in broilers and can be used as a potential antimicrobial growth promoter.     

高粱的加工、粒度和水分对饲料制粒和肉鸡生长性能的影响

本研究旨在评价不同水分和颗粒粒度的高粱制粒或膨化对不同原料粒度、肉鸡代谢能、氨基酸回肠消化率和肉鸡生长性能的影响。试验以720只雄性雏鸡为研究对象,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。试验处理以2×2×2因子设计,即2种加工方式(制粒和膨化),2个调质水分(1.6%和0.8%),2个颗粒粉碎粒度(650和850μm)。结果显示:在添加1.6%水分的膨化日粮中,制粒制粒和颗粒耐久指数较高。850μm的粒径增加了饲料颗粒耐久指数。各处理组对肉鸡日增重和屠体性状均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在10~13 d饲喂颗粒饲料和添加1.6%水分的饲料的肉鸡表观代谢能和氮校正代谢能均较高(P<0.05),与添加膨化性饲料相比,高粱制粒饲料回肠赖氨酸和甘氨酸消化系数显著提高(P<0.05)。在评价饲料加湿效果时,饲料添加1.6%水分后赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸和精氨酸回肠表观消化系数显著升高(P<0.05)。1.6%水分的膨化饲料较0.8%水分显著提高了21 d肉鸡采食量(P<0.05),在42 d时,0.8%水分的颗粒饲料显著提高了采食量(P<0.05)。结论:以650μm的粉碎粒度和1.6%的水分制备颗粒饲料在肉鸡生长后期可以提高回肠氨基酸消化率和表观代谢能,而膨化工艺提高了42 d肉鸡饲料颗粒制粒和饲料转化率。