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小反刍兽疫是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)法定报告动物疫病,也是全球计划根除的动物疫病,我国拟在2016—2020年间根除该疫病。通过对危害的识别、风险框架的确定、路径风险的分层分析,对某县退出小反刍兽疫免疫开展了定性风险评估。初步确定该县取消小反刍兽疫强制免疫后,2017年再次发生小反刍兽疫的风险为中级。在风险管理上,提出了该县应继续加强小反刍兽疫免疫、强化检疫监管、加强宣传、提高养殖户生物安全管理水平、改善疫病扑杀补偿机制、激励基层兽医工作者和养殖户参与疫病防控的积极性等建议。 相似文献
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为有效防范风险,扎实做好河南省小反刍兽疫监测工作,全面掌握小反刍兽疫感染状况和流行趋势,落实国家小反刍兽疫消灭计划,按照《河南省2019年动物疫病监测与流行病学调查计划》要求,对全省种羊场和部分商品羊场开展了小反刍兽疫专项监测,分别用竞争ELISA、荧光RT-PCR试验方法,检测小反刍兽疫免疫抗体与病毒核酸。结果显示:河南省小反刍兽疫平均免疫抗体合格率为80.58%,其中种畜场(82.48%)高于商品场(79.74%);3种不同企业生产疫苗的免疫合格率均在73%以上,不同地区的免疫抗体合格率在55.47%~100%之间,免疫2次及以上的免疫抗体合格率(86.36%)高于只免疫1次的(76.50%);未检出小反刍兽疫病毒核酸阳性样品。结果表明,河南省小反刍兽疫整体防控效果较好,未发现病毒感染,免疫抗体水平均在国家规定的最低标准(70%)以上,说明近期省内发生小反刍兽疫的风险较低,但部分地区免疫效果较差,存在一定的发生风险。因此,河南省仍需继续做好小反刍兽疫的强制免疫、监测和流行病学调查工作,科学评估免疫效果和疫情风险,同时加强羊只的引种检疫和流通监管,提高基层兽医工作者和养殖户的防控意识,从而最终达到消灭小反刍兽疫的目标。 相似文献
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通过对同安区羊群养殖、调运和检疫监管等情况的摸底调查,采集15个养殖场(户)合计90份鼻腔棉拭子和74份血清样品,分别采用荧光RT-PCR方法和酶联免疫吸附试验检测小反刍兽疫病原和抗体,评估该地区在小反刍兽疫强制免疫前传入羊群的风险.检测结果显示,同安区在未全面开展强制免疫前,小反刍兽疫抗体个体阳性率为25.7%,场(户)阳性率为33.3%,病原阳性率为0.初步判定,该地区在没有进行小反刍兽疫强制免疫的情况下,疫情发生的风险较大.提出应立即开展小反刍兽疫免疫、强化检疫监管、提高养殖户和屠宰场生物安全管理水平. 相似文献
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为进一步推进湖南省小反刍兽疫(PPR)消灭工作,通过数据收集、抽样监测、问卷调查等方式,了解近年来全省PPR疫情情况,山羊养殖、调运、监测情况以及养殖户对PPR的知晓率等,并从传入评估、暴露评估、后果评估3个方面,对全省强制免疫退出后的PPR发生风险进行评估。调查结果显示:湖南省调入活羊90%以上用于屠宰,主要调入地区PPR免疫抗体水平较高;湖南省养殖场户对PPR的知晓率较高,发生疫情后及时报告率达92.5%,退出强制免疫后自主免疫意愿率为62.3%。专项监测结果显示:全省PPR个体免疫合格率为66.36%,群体合格率为61.35%;病原个体阳性率为0.01%,群体阳性率为0.07%。风险评估认为,湖南省在退出PPR强制免疫后,PPR传入风险和暴露风险等级分别为中和低,后果评估等级为很低。因此,湖南省退出强制免疫后,发生PPR的风险很低,后果不严重,已具备全省实施PPR强制免疫退出政策的基础和条件。建议退出后,继续通过强化产业升级、监测排查、流通监管、宣传培训、应急管理等措施,尽快实现全省消灭PPR的目标。 相似文献
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Khandelwal A Renukaradhya GJ Rajasekhar M Sita GL Shaila MS 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):291-296
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by a morbillivirus, Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The disease is prevalent in equatorial Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. A live attenuated vaccine is in use in some of the countries and has been shown to provide protection for at least three years against PPR. However, the live attenuated vaccine is not robust in terms of thermotolerance. As a step towards development of a heat stable subunit vaccine, we have expressed a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of PPRV in peanut plants (Arachis hypogea) in a biologically active form, possessing neuraminidase activity. Importantly, HN protein expressed in peanut plants retained its immunodominant epitopes in their natural conformation. The immunogenicity of the plant derived HN protein was analyzed in sheep upon oral immunization. Virus neutralizing antibody responses were elicited upon oral immunization of sheep in the absence of any mucosal adjuvant. In addition, anti-PPRV-HN specific cell-mediated immune responses were also detected in mucosally immunized sheep. 相似文献
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为掌握湖南省小反刍兽疫集中免疫效果,科学评估各市州免疫质量,2020~2022年在全省开展小反刍兽疫春、秋季免疫效果评估。结果显示:2020~2022年小反刍兽疫集中免疫的群体合格率为65.3%,个体合格率为71.0%。全省各地区小反刍兽疫免疫不平衡,个体免疫率最高的可达94.4%,最低的仅为47.5%。规模场免疫效果好于散养户。调查显示,一些散养户免疫意识较弱,存在免疫操作不规范情况。需要进一步加强对散养户的宣传和指导。 相似文献
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为了解河南省长垣市奶山羊小反刍兽疫疫情流行情况和免疫抗体水平,2018—2020年,采用阻断酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)法和实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法,对长垣市32 家奶山羊散养户采集羊血清和鼻拭子样品,进行羊小反刍兽疫免疫抗体及病原学检测。结果表明,2018年、2019年和2020年的血清抗体合格率分别为83.13%、85.64%和86.67%,平均85.17%,高于国家规定的70.00%。病原学监测全部样品为阴性。提示长垣市总体疫苗免疫效果良好,羊群具有抵抗小反刍兽疫侵袭的基本能力。为长垣市制定科学合理的防控措施、逐步消灭小反刍兽疫和退出小反刍兽疫免疫计划提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Chota Andrew Shirima Gabriel Kusiluka Lughano 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1807-1815
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Mortality of domestic small ruminants caused by contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is frequently reported in... 相似文献
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Fuxiao Liu Xiaodong Wu Wenhua Liu Lin Li Zhiliang Wang 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(4):307-322
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute, highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, characterized by fever, oculonasal discharges, stomatitis, diarrhoea and pneumonia. This disease is included in the OIE (Office International des Epizooties) list of notifiable terrestrial animal diseases. PPR was first described in the early 1940s in Côte d′Ivoire, and at present, PPR is mainly circulating in Western and Central Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Southern Asia. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), the etiological agent of PPR, is classified into the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, as its biological and physicochemical features are closely related to the other morbilliviruses. The first homologous PPR vaccine was developed by an artificially attenuated PPRV, named as Nigeria 75/1, which has been widely used in the production of live attenuated vaccines to protect small ruminants. A new generation of PPR vaccine candidates can be genetically modified to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), which nevertheless is difficult to achieve by conventional vaccines. In this review, we systematically discussed a broad range of vaccines against PPR, including commercially available vaccines and potential vaccine candidates, and further DIVA strategies for immunization with the new generation vaccines. 相似文献
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为研究已免疫小反刍兽疫(PPR)活疫苗的羊群经二次免疫后PPR抗体水平的变化趋势,对初免21 d羊群进行了第二次免疫,同时监测初免21 d及二免后3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d的血清中和抗体。结果显示,一次免疫羊21 d PPR中和抗体滴度平均可达5.18±2.87,阳性率为84%;二次免疫后3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d,PPR抗体呈上升趋势,平均滴度分别为5.65±2.56、6.95±1.82、7.28±1.18、8.12±1.31,阳性率分别为90%、100%、100%、100%。一免试验组21 d~323 d PPR抗体阳性率为83%,二免试验组在二次免疫7 d PPR抗体阳性率达到100%,并且维持到21 d。试验表明,活疫苗二次免疫增强了免疫效果,对已经有PPR抗体的羊进行二次免疫,可明显提升免疫抗体阳性率。 相似文献