几种野生稻甲醇提取物对害虫的行为干扰及对酯酶同工酶的影响

采用索氏回流法,经甲醇提取,获得大颖野生稻（E6 3/6 4、E6 1）、小粒野生稻（E13 9、E13 13）、药用野生稻（E15 8、E15 13）、斑点野生稻（E16 1、E16 3、E16 13）、阔叶野生稻（101392、E9 1、E9 10）和颗粒野生稻（E7 4）甲醇提取物。室内生物活性测定表明这些野生稻甲醇提取物对柑橘全爪螨和绣线菊蚜具有一定的忌避活性,其中药用野生稻E15 8的甲醇抽提物效果更为显著,5×104 μg/mL的浓度处理,测得24 h和48 h对柑橘全爪螨的忌避率分别为83.26%和87.95%;用同样的浓度处理,对绣线菊蚜的忌避率分别为87.86%和82.43%。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,药用野生稻E15 8的甲醇抽提物对两种害虫的酯酶同工酶具有明显的抑制效果。     

几种野生稻抽提物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用

用甲醇对6种野生稻E6-1, E6-3/6-4(大颖野生稻的不同生态型),E7-4(颗粒野生稻), E9-10、E9-20(阔叶野生稻的不同生态型),E13-13（小粒野生稻）,E15-13（药用野生稻）和E16-3（斑点野生稻）进行了索氏提取,提取率分别为19.62%,15.60%,18.90%,8.50%,16.27%, 24.86%,10.04%和13.32%。通过测定这6种野生稻抽提物对3龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食活性和非选择性拒食活性,筛选出大颖野生稻抽提物E6-1对斜纹夜蛾有较强的拒食作用。用E6-1对叶碟处理后,在1%的浓度下,24 h和48 h测得其对3龄斜纹夜蛾选择性拒食率均为100%,而非选择性拒食率分别为40.95%和47.27%;毒力测定表明2龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫24 h和48 h后的拒食中浓度([i]AFC[/i][sub]50[/sub]）分别为120 mg/mL和50 mg/mL。     

氮磷钾不同配比对冬作马铃薯产量、效益和肥料利用率的影响

在每667 m2施用500 kg有机肥基础上,3 F(每667 m2 13 kg N,N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.93:2.41)、3 E(每667 m2 13 kg N,1:0.56:1.95)和3 G(每667 m2 13 kg N,1:0.74:2.01)处理组合的马铃薯总产量和合格薯产量显著高于9 A(每667 m2 19 kg N,1:0.47:1.47),但三者之间及其与其它化肥处理组合总产量和合格薯产量之间差异没有达到0.05的显著水平。3 G、3 E处理组合的平均经济效益显著高于处理9 D(每667 m2 19 kg N,1:0.75:1.75)、9 B(每667 m2 19 kg N,1:1.17:2.17)、6 B(每667 m216 kg N,1:1.17:2.17)、9 C(每667 m2 19 kg N,1:0.70:2.65)、9 F(每667 m2 19 kg N,1:0.93:2.41)和9 A,但与其它化肥+有机肥处理组合的平均效益之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。每667 m213 kg氮肥处理中3 E处理组合氮磷钾肥当季利用率显著高于每667 m2 16 kg(处理6 F除外,每667 m2 16 kg N,1:0.93:2.41),和每667 m2 19 kg的施肥处理组合(P<0.05)。综合试验结果表明,每667 m2施纯氮13 kg,N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.56:1.95是适宜的氮磷钾施肥方案,可以获得较高的产量效益和氮磷钾肥料养分当季利用率。     

Comparative Embryological Studies on Infertility of Interspecific Hybridizations Between Oryza sativa with Different Ploidy Levels and O. officinalis

As maternal parents, diploid (L202-2x) and autotetraploid (L202-4x) of Oryza sativa cv. L202 were crossed with O. officinalis. Embryo development and fertilization in these two crosses were comparatively studied. There were no mature hybrid seeds obtained because all the hybridized spikelets died 30 days after pollination. The main reasons for no seed set were abnormal fertilization and development of the embryos and endosperms in the interspecific hybrids. There were double- fertilization, egg cell single-fertilization and non-fertilization in these crosses. Although 59.45% and 54.87% of hybrid embryos produced in the crosses of L202-2x/O. officinalis and L202-4x/O. officinalis, respectively, hybrid embryos ceased to develop or degenerated and plenty of free endosperm nuclei were in disaggregating state without developing cellular endosperms three days after pollination. Besides, some embryological differences in these two crosses were found, that is, the rate of double-fertilization and total rate of double- and single-fertilization in L202-2x/O. officinalis were higher than those in L202-4x/O. officinalis. The embryo and endosperm of hybrids developed more slowly, and embryos and free endosperm nuclei were more severely degenerated in L202-4x/O. officinalis than in L202-2x/O. officinalis. Five days after pollination, a few of embryos in L202-2x/O. officinalis developed into pear-shaped ones, however, embryos in L202-4x/O. officinalis were all degenerated. Therefore, it is more difficult to obtain interspecific hybrids by wide crosses between autotetraploid of O. sativa and O. officinalis.     

不同倍性栽培稻与药用野生稻种间杂交不结实性的比较胚胎学观察

以栽培稻(Oryza sativa)品种L202二倍体（L202 2x）及其同源四倍体（L202 4x）作母本分别与药用野生稻（Oryza officinalis）杂交,比较了两个杂交组合的杂交结实性及影响结实性的杂种胚胎发育细胞学。两个杂交组合所取得的一致结果是：杂交授粉后30 d所有杂交小穗均干枯死亡,不能结实;种间杂交不结实的原因在于受精和杂种胚胎胚乳发育异常。两个杂交组合的受精和杂种胚胎胚乳发育虽然均存在双受精、单受精和未受精类型,但就受精率而言,L202 2x作母本的平均总受精率为59.45％,略高于L202 4x（54.87％）; L202 4x的单受精率（24.60％）则高于L202 2x的单受精率（15.30％）。两个杂交组合的杂种胚胎胚乳发育均严重异常,虽然在授粉后1 d形成小的球形胚;到授粉后3 d,胚胎发育停滞并开始解体;至授粉后5 d,只有二倍体杂交组合的极少数胚胎可发育到梨形胚时期,四倍体组合的胚胎则基本全部解体。双受精胚囊内胚乳发育更为异常,在授粉后1 d,游离胚乳核就开始解体退化,到授粉后3 d不能形成细胞化胚乳或细胞化过程异常。与L202 2x作母本的杂交相比,以L202 4x作母本所得杂种胚胎发育更为滞后,且退化严重,形成的游离胚乳核少,解体早,不能进行细胞化。因此,利用同源四倍体栽培稻与药用野生稻杂交获得种间杂种的难度更大。     

大豆幼苗根和叶片原生质的分离与纯化

研究了大豆幼苗根和叶片原生质体的分离、纯化方法及其影响因素.结果表明:适宜大豆根和叶片原生质体分离的酶种类、浓度分别为CPW-13M{CPW(细胞清洗液)+13%(W/V)甘露醇}+3%纤维素酶(cellulose R10)+1.1%果胶酶(macerozyme R-10)+1.0%半纤维素酶(hemicellulase)和0.15%CaCl2·2H2O+9%甘露醇+1%cellulase R-10+0.20%pectolase Y-23,pH 5.8,酶解温度为28℃.在根酶解时间为16 h时,原生质体产量可高达1.46×105个·g-1FW,活力达57.8%;叶片酶解时间为4 h时,原生质体产量可高达1.74×106个·g-1FW,活力达70.3%.对于根而言,从产量和活力两方面考虑,其原生质体用23%蔗糖和CPW-18M混合后的下沉法纯化效果较好,而叶片用25%蔗糖的上浮法纯化效果较好.     

HP-SPME-GC-MS结合ROAV分析新疆不同小麦品种面粉主要挥发性成分

为了解新疆小麦面粉挥发性成分组成,用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术(headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定12个小麦品种的挥发性物质构成,结合相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析,分析新疆不同小麦品种面粉中的关键香气成分构成差异。结果表明,12个小麦面粉样品中共鉴定出143种挥发性化合物,其中烷烃类50种,烯烃类8种,醛类13种,醇类28种,酮类16种,酯类7种,酸类4种,苯类9种,其他化合物8种。ROAV分析发现不同小麦品种面粉主要挥发性物质有12种：己醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、癸醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-正戊基呋喃、正己醇、1-壬醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、3-辛烯-2-酮、γ-壬内脂。主成分和聚类分析表明,春小麦、冬小麦分别聚为一类。     

播期对花生农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

以普通花生品种（冀花9号、冀花10号、冀花12号）、高油酸花生品种（冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号）为材料,通过田间小区试验,设置7个播种时期（4/25、5/6、5/16、5/26、6/6、6/15、6/26）,研究不同播期对花生生长发育、产量指标和品质的影响,以期确定花生最佳播种时期,为集成优质高效栽培技术奠定基础。结果表明,冀花10号、冀花12号、冀花13号、冀花16号的农艺性状表现为主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数多;而冀花9号和冀花11号则表现为主茎矮、侧枝短、分枝少。6个花生品种荚果平均产量为4716.22 kg/hm2,籽仁平均产量为3469.52 kg/hm2。以籽仁产量最高的冀花12号（3541.99 kg/hm2）为对照,普通花生品种冀花9号、冀花10号减产0.35%~1.91%;高油酸花生品种冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号减产2.11%~5.54%。随播期的延后,各个播期的花生农艺性状及产量指标基本遵循5/6-5/16 > 4/25 > 5/26-6/26的变化趋势。5/6-5/16播期的平均荚果产量和籽仁产量分别5547.16 kg/hm2、4204.24 kg/hm2,油酸/亚油酸比值平均12.90。4/25播种,荚果和籽仁减产约5.16%,油亚比为14.61;5/26日播种,荚果和籽仁减产约9.05%,油亚比降低35.56%。晚于5/26播种,主茎高变矮7.40%～22.89%、侧枝长变短7.07%～24.89%、单株分枝数减少3.74%～9.70%、单株结果数降低4.59%～21.78%、百果重减少6.59%～27.94%、百仁重减少10.35%～32.33%、荚果减产17.97%～45.78%、籽仁减产21.80%～52.50%、油亚比降低50.57%～73.30%。综合考虑农艺性状、产量指标及品质优劣,河北省中南部地区露地平播花生的最适播期为5/6至5/16之间,最晚不应晚于5/26。     

Five New Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Marine Fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri

The marine fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri was isolated from Acanthaster planci from the South China Sea. In a preliminary bioactivity screening, the crude methanol extract of the fungal mycelia showed significant inhibitory activity against the Sf9 cell line from the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Five novel compounds, including 5-olefin phenylpyropene A (1), 13-dehydroxylpyripyropene A (4), deacetylsesquiterpene (7), 5-formyl-6-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-2- naphthoic acid (9) and 6,8-dihydroxy-3-((1E,3E)-penta-1,3-dien-1-yl)isochroman-1-one (10), together with eleven known compounds, phenylpyropene A (2) and C (3), pyripyropene A (5), 7-deacetylpyripyropene A (6), (1S,2R,4aR,5R,8R,8aR)-1,8a-dihydroxy-2-acetoxy-3,8-dimethyl-5- (prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,4a, 5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene (8), isochaetominine C (11), trichodermamide A (12), indolyl-3-acetic acid methyl ester (13), 1-acetyl-β-carboline (14), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-hydroxyl-2-methyl-l,3,4-trioxopyrazino[l,2-a]-indole (15) and fumiquinazoline F (16), were obtained. The structures of these compounds were determined mainly by MS and NMR data. The absolute configuration of 9 was assigned by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 1–11 and 15 showed significant cytotoxicity against the Sf9 cells from S. frugiperda.     

不结球白菜耐热性评价

为了构建青梗不结球白菜耐热性评价体系并筛选出耐热性品种,以19份青梗不结球白菜作为试材,经高温胁迫5 d后测定幼苗的15个生长生理指标,运用主成分分析、聚类分析以及回归分析等多元统计分析方法对各品种的耐热性进行综合评价。结果表明:利用主成分分析将原有的15个生长和生理指标转化为6个独立的综合指标,其累计贡献率达到83.179%;基于耐热性综合评价对其进行聚类分析,将19份青梗不结球白菜分为3类,第一类为强耐热性品种:青11、青16、青13、青9、青18;第二类为中耐热性品种:青19、青4、青7、青5、青14、青12、青15、青6、青2;第三类为弱耐热性品种:青10、青8、青1、青3、青17。通过逐步回归分析建立青梗不结球白菜耐热性评价的数学模型D=?0.349?0.063×(RR)+0.163×(FW)+0.222×(SI)+0.394×(TC)+0.033×(AA)+0.137×(Pr)+0.159×(SS)?0.091×(CII),结合田间鉴定结果,青13、青11、青9、青16、青18可在海南夏秋季种植。     

Creams Formulated with Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lantana camara L. Crude Extracts and Fractions as Mosquito Repellents Against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of parasites that cause diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and filariasis. In view of the recent increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides, the objective of this study was to determine the repellent activity of creams formulated with methanol crude extract (MCE), hexane fraction (HF), and ethyl acetate fractions (EAFs) of Ocimum gratissimum and Lantana camara leaves in single and combined actions against female Aedes aegypti. Evaluation was carried out in the net cages (30 by 30 by 30 cm) containing 60 blood-starved female mosquitoes each and were assayed in the laboratory condition following World Health Organization 2009 protocol. All formulations (single and mixture) were applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/cm² in the exposed area of human hands. Only acetone + white soft paraffin served as negative control and odomos (12% DEET) as positive control. All the formulations presented good protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction by the human volunteers. The repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the extracts and fractions. Among the tested formulations, the maximum protection time was observed in MCE (120 min) and EAF (150 min) of O. gratissimum; MCE:MCE (150 min) and HF:HF (120 min) mixtures of both plants. In addition, MCE:MCE and HF:HF mixtures from both plants showed possible synergistic effect. From the results, the combination of O. gratissimum and L. camara to formulate natural mosquito repellent using small amount of extracts can be encouraging to be an alternative to conventional DEET.     

花生AhFAD2-1基因与油酸/亚油酸比值的关系

花生AhFAD2-1由位于不同基因组上的两个非等位基因AhFAD2-1A和AhFAD2-1B共同编码,这两个基因的突变引起酶结构、酶活性或表达调控的变化,共同导致高油酸性状的产生。本研究通过对13个不同花生品种(系)的AhFAD2-1基因进行测序和比对分析,查找点突变或插入位点,寻找与高油酸性状关联的基因位点。结果表明:E11、花育30、鲁花12、豫花15、河北高油的基因型是OL_1OL_1OL_2OL_2,其相应的O/L值为1.01~1.40;鲁花14、花育17、花育19、花育23、E12S的基因型是ol_1ol_1OL_2OL_2,其中E12S较特殊O/L值为9.05,其他品种O/L值为1.54~1.97;E16、E18和花育32号的基因型是ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2,其相应O/L值为12.3~41.85。本研究结果对于高油酸性状的分子鉴定以及高油酸花生新品种的培育具有一定的参考价值。     

冰菜乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯和正丁醇相的化学成分分离鉴定

本研究以冰菜（Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.）为实验材料,运用多种柱色谱和波谱技术,从冰菜乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇相中共分离鉴定得到了11个单体化合物,其中苯丙素类化合物2个,分别是顺式对羟基肉桂酸（化合物4）、阿魏酸（化合物3）;生物碱类化合物2个,分别是烟酸（化合物6）、ethane-1,2-diyldinicotinate（化合物7）;糖苷类化合物5个,分别是2-ethoxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol（化合物5）、3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate（化合物8）、(E)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol（化合物9）、6-(1R,2S-2-hydroxy-4-(S,E-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)oxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4-triol（化合物10）、E-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-((3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)but-1-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one（化合物11）;苯丙呋喃酮类化合物1个:黑麦草内酯（化合物2）;甾体类化合物1个:β-谷甾醇（化合物1）。本研究丰富了冰菜中的化学成分,也为更好地开发利用冰菜的功能性成分提供理论依据,有利于冰菜的推广种植。     

Rice planthopper resistance of interspecific protoplast fusin line "pf9279" between O. sative and O.officinalis

An interspecific hybrid line pf9279 was obtained by protoplast fusion between 02428(japonica, with a wide compatibility gene) and CNW240 (O. officinalis, from Malaysia) at CNRRI in 1992. Possible introgression of planthopper resistance from O.officinalis into pf9279 was investigated by field and laboratory experiments during 1998-1999 at CNRRI. Thirty-day-old seedlings of pf9279 and other rice varieties were individually transplanted with a spacing of 18× 24 cm in each plot (ca 7× 20 m) on Jun 15, 1999. Population trends of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and whitebacked planthopper(WBPH),Sogatella furcifera were examined weekly by visual counting of adult females on 50-100 hills for each variety.     

Effects of sward surface height on the performance of continuously stocked spring-calving beef cows and their calves

The response of continuously stocked spring-calving beef cows and calves to a range of sward surface heights was determined. Mean sward heights of 4-5, 60, 70, 91 and 11-0 cm (treatments A to E respectively) were maintained from mid-May to mid-August (Period 1) and treatments C, D and E continued until the end of September (Period 2), during which time mean sward heights were 5-4, 7-8 and 9-2 cm respectively. Hereford x Friesian or White Shorthorn-x Galloway cows with their Charolais-cross calves were used, with 9, 6, 6, 5 and 9 cows on treatments A to E respectively. During Period 1 the mean live weight gains of cows were-0-52,-005,0-32,075 and 0 40 (s.e.d. 0167) kg d⁻¹ on treatments A to E respectively and during Period 2.-0-31, 057 and 059 (s.e.d. 0153) kg d⁻¹ for treatments C, D and E respectively with maximum cow liveweight gain at sward heights of 8 to 10 cm. Calf liveweight gains were 0 88,091, 098, 1 04 and 1-06 (s.e.d. 0068) kg d⁻¹ in Period 1 for treatments A to E respectively and 098, 1-22 and 1 35 (s.e.d. 0067) kg d⁻¹ in Period 2 for treatments C, D and E. The percentage of area infrequently grazed was generally less than 20% on treatments A to D, but on treatment E it was more than 40% for 6 weeks after turnout and thereafter remained between 20 and 40%. Maximum calf liveweight gain per hectare was achieved on the shorter swards, but maximum total liveweight gain of cows and calves per hectare occurred on treatment D. It is concluded that for maximum cow and calf performance on continuously stocked pastures, sward height should be maintained at no more than 8 cm in spring and early summer and then increased to 9 to 10 cm later in the grazing season.     

2011年西藏地区小麦条锈菌生理小种群体结构分析

为了解西藏地区小麦条锈菌生理小种群体结构,2011年对采自西藏地区的130份小麦条锈菌标样进行鉴定并进行了群体结构分析。结果表明,西藏地区小麦条锈菌群体结构复杂,小种类型丰富;共监测到26个小种(类型),分别是CYR17、CYR18、CYR19、CYR20、CYR26、Lov10-2、Lov10-3、Lov10-14、Lov10-15、Lov13-4、CYR31、CYR32、HY-6、HY-13、CYR33、Su11-1、Su11-2、Su11-3、Su11-4、Su11-5、Su11-6、Su11-8、Su11-10、Su11-25、Su11-35、Su11-45。其中,CYR32频率最高,达到31.54%;其次为CYR33,频率为28.46%;跟随其后的Su11-1和Su11-4频率均为6.15%。这4个小种为西藏地区优势小种,是当前西藏地区抗条锈病育种的主要考虑对象。其他小种(类型)频率均低于5%。毒力频率分析表明,Yr1、Yr3、Yr6、Yr9、YrA等抗性基因在西藏地区已经失效。     

AT1 receptors activation enhances the expression of MMP-2, MMP-13 and VEGF but not MMP-9 in B16F10 melanoma cells

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers of all solid tumors. The effect of angiotensin II on expression of three Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in B16F10 melanoma cells was evaluated. Also the blocking effect of losartan on angiotensin II induced effects was assessed. B16F10 murine melanoma cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 24 h prior to experiment the serum free medium was used. Angiotensin II (0 M, 10(-10) M, 10(-9) M or 10(-8) M) alone or in combination with Losartan (10(-6) M) in RPMI-1640 replaced the medium for experiments. After the incubation time (0, 1, 2, 6 and 12 h) cells were harvested using 0.05% (w/v) Trypsin and then recovered by centrifugation. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-13, MMP-9 and VEGF in B16F10 cell lysate was assessed by immunoblotting. Angiotensin II significantly enhanced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-13 and VEGF by concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. But angiotensin II could not stimulate any significant increase in MMP-9 expression by angiotensin II in B16F10 cells. Losartan abolished the enhancing effect of every concentration of angiotensin II on MMP-2, MMP-13 and VEGF expression completely and in all incubation times. As a result, angiotensin II through activation of AT1 receptors can stimulate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-13 and VEGF in B16F10 melanoma cells. This is an important conclusion because of the importance of these factors in melanoma invasiveness and the possible important role that angiotensin receptor blockers may play as cancer medications.     

Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis on nicotine-induced convulsion in mice

Epilepsy an important CNS (central nervous system) problem that about 1% of world's population suffer of it. The aim of study was to evaluate of anticonvulsant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis. In this study, anticonvulsant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis (L. officinalis) was studied against chemoconvulsant-induced seizures in male mice. Lavandula officinalis (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1)), diazepam (0.15 mg kg(-1)) and normal saline (10 mL kg(-1)) were injected intraperitoneally, respectively in different groups of mice, 30 min before nicotine (5 mg kg(-) i.p.). The onset time intensity and duration of convulsions and the percentage of death were recorded. Also the time-response (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min before nicotine injection) for most effective dose of plant extract (600 mg kg(-1)) was investigated. The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis had anticonvulsant effect. The most effective dose of plant extract was 600 mg kg(-1). In time-response study for the most effective dose of extract (600 mg kg(-1)), the onset, duration and intensity of convulsion significantly (p < 0.05) increased, decreased and decreased, respectively for all tested times. The best response observed in 30, 45 and 60 min. The results showed significant anticonvulsant effect for hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula.     

杂交中稻氮肥农学利用率与植株地上部农艺性状关系研究

以16个杂交中稻组合为材料,在正常施氮和不施氮2个施氮水平下研究了杂交中稻氮肥农学利用率与植株地上部农艺性状的关系。结果表明,杂交中稻的氮肥农学利用率存在较大的基因型差异,组合间氮肥农学利用率与施氮处理籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。在高产正常施氮水平条件下,杂交中稻氮肥高效利用率组合要求最高苗数(x1)多,株高(x6)较高,倒3叶(x13)较窄,生物产量(x18)和结实率(x21)较高,上述性状与氮肥农学利用率(y)间存在极显著线性关系,回归方程为y=-75.8901 0.335 9x1 0.449 2x6-15.859 5x13 0.199 9x18 0.345 4x21,决定系数为89.53%。因此,这些性状可作为杂交后代及组合鉴定时田间选择的参考指标。     

甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）RIL群体抗倒伏及其相关性状的QTL分析

油菜倒伏严重影响了油菜的产量和品质,为了定位甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）与抗倒伏性状相关的QTL,用抗倒伏品系浙平1号和易倒伏品系高芥1号组合重组自交系（RIL）家系为材料,通过两年两点试验,对该RIL群体的F2:6和F2:7家系抗压力性状进行了QTL分析,并应用一年两点数据对该群体F2:6家系结角层性状进行了QTL分析。结果表明,在4个试验中共检测到11个家系抗压力QTL,可解释4.41%～52.64%的表型变异,LOD值范围是2.68～26.58。其中qRP16-1可以在3个不同的试验中（南京-2012、溧水-2012和南京-2013）重复检测到,qRP1、qRP4和qRP8-1同时在2个不同的试验中（溧水-2012和溧水-2013）重复检测到。qRP2-1、qRP2-2、qRP8-2、qRP8-3、qRP16-2、qRP3和qRP8-4等7个QTL只能在特定的试验中检测到。同一地点不同年份间家系抗压力性状QTL相对同一年份不同地点间易被重复检测到。在2个试验中共检测到2个结角层厚度QTL,位于第15连锁群的qTPL15在2个试验中重复检测到。