木霉菌对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用

为明确木霉菌对福建省番茄灰霉病菌的抑制效果,研究了8株木霉菌对病原菌的拮抗作用。结果表明,在对峙培养条件下,供试木霉菌能显著抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长,其抑制率为86.83%~91.39%,不同木霉菌株的发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长具有不同程度的抑制效果,其差异达显著水平。其中,菌株FJ2006-8发酵液的抑制生长率最高,为39.44%。此外,供试的木霉菌均能产生非挥发性和挥发性代谢产物,其中,菌株FJ2006-8的非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最佳,抑制率为61.09%;而菌株T05-58的挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高,为22.95%。研究结果可为木霉菌生防菌剂的开发以及番茄灰霉病的绿色防控提供理论依据。     

Colonization and degradation of senescent flowers of zucchini squash by Trichoderma harzianum YC459, a biocontrol agent of gray mold, Botrytis cinerea

In commercial greenhouses, senescent flower petals or flowers of vegetables such as tomato, strawberry, hot pepper and zucchini squash were blighted to be removed from fruits within five days after spraying of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (TORY, JGreen Inc.), a biocontrol agent with good and consistent efficacy as chemical fungicides for the control of gray mold rot caused by B. cinerea. The mechanism for selective colonization of senescent floral tissues by T. harzianum YC459 was …     

番茄灰霉病内生拮抗菌的筛选及抑菌物质研究

[目的]筛选番茄灰霉病内生拮抗菌并研究其抑菌物质。[方法]从65株健康番茄植株中分离到内生拮抗细菌46株,在此基础上通过PDA培养基打孔扩散法进行复筛,获得了1株强烈抑制灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌物质产生菌。研究了该抑菌物质对灰葡萄孢菌菌丝和孢子的抑制作用,并经酸沉淀、Sephadex G-50凝胶层析纯化、琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析对其进行了初步鉴定。[结果]显微镜观察发现该抑菌物质具有列膜抑菌机制,初步鉴定抗菌物质为3.3 kDa左右的多肽类物质。[结论]为开发新的生防制剂奠定了基础。     

4株放线菌的防病促生作用研究

从分离的54株放线菌中筛选出具有很强抑菌活性的4株放线菌（05-5、05-11、05-25和06-6）进行发酵液活性试验,结果表明,菌株06-6的发酵液对4种靶标菌的抑菌活性较强,抑菌圈直径均大于20 mm.温室试验中4株放线菌对番茄灰霉病均有不同程度的防治效果,以菌株06-6表现最为明显,防效达到了81.2%.4株放线菌对番茄幼苗的生长有明显的促进作用,与对照相比,菌株06-6使番茄幼苗的株高增幅达到68.3%.     

Use of Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) as a model system for Trichoderma biocontrol of Pythium blight identifies new targets for genetic strain improvement

Biocontrol by Trichoderma has been studied mainly with selected isolates of T. harzianum, T. atroviride and T. asperellum, which are members of sections Pachybasium and Trichoderma. In contrast, species from section Longibrachiatum have only rarely been studied. On the other hand, one taxon from this section-Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph: Trichoderma reesei)-has been widely used for the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes and recombinant proteins. As far as T…     

拟康氏木霉对蔬菜病原真菌的拮抗作用及对番茄灰霉病的防效的初步研究

通过对峙培养,测试了拟康氏木霉对灰葡萄孢霉、尖孢镰刀菌、番茄叶霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫霉、辣椒炭疽菌的拮抗作用。对峙培养5d时对以上病原菌的抑制率分别为73％、62％、86％、77％、68％、91％。拮抗机制主要为竞争和抗生等。离体防治试验表明,拟康氏木霉孢子悬液对番茄灰霉病的防效显著,其浓度为106、107、108cfu／ml时,在离体茎段和叶盘上的防效分别为29．8％、53．8％、62．5％和59．1％、66．1％、70．3％;而在盆栽试验和大棚试验中的防效分别为48．3％、64．6％、68．3％和37．7％、46．2％、60．6％。浓度为107、108cfu／ml时防效在各试验中均达到甚至高于甲基托布津的防效。     

Fusaricidins in Paenibacillus polymyxa A21 and their antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea on tomato

Four kinds of antifungal compounds from an extract of Paenibacillus polymyxa A21 with molecular masses of 883.56, 897.59, 947.55, and 961.58 Da were characterized as the members of fusaricidin-type of antibiotics according to LC-MS analysis. Fusaricidins isolated from culture filtrate displayed high antagonistic activity against several plant fungal pathogens, especially Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold. The fusaricidins biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from A21 was cloned by PCR and comparative cluster analysis revealed that gene fusTE, the 3′ boundary of the fusaricidin BGC in strain PKB1, was not present in fusaricidin BGC of A21, indicating that fusTE is not necessary for fusaricidin synthesis. Fusaricidin extract from A21 significantly reduced gray mold disease incidence and severity on tomato. The mRNA levels for three patho-genesis-related proteins (PRs) revealed that treatment of tomato leaves with fusaricidin extract induced the expression of PR genes to different levels, suggesting that one reason for the reduction of gray mold infection by fusaricidin is induction of PR proteins, which lead to increased resistance to pathogens. This is the first report of the application of fusaricidins to control tomato gray mold and the comparative cluster analysis provides important molecular basis for research on fusaricidin biosynthesis.     

拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病的抑制作用

[目的]探讨拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病的抑制效果,为利用该菌开发新的生物农药应用于番茄生产提供科学依据.[方法]分别采用抑菌圈法和水浸片法测定拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病病原菌生长及对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制效果,并通过田间调查法测定拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病的防治效果.[结果]拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制作用明显,平皿中抑菌圈的平均直径为32.0 mm,对病菌孢子萌发的平均抑制率为97.4%,盆栽防治效果无论接种前施药还是接种后施药的相对防效均在60.0%以上.[结论]拮抗菌AYM-18对番茄叶霉病菌具有较强的抑制作用,具有开发为生防杀菌剂的潜力.     

木霉生防耐药因子的诱导及其生化特性研究

为了研究以含药(施佳乐)培养基筛选和诱导生防木霉菌株T-21产生耐药性生防蛋白因子———几丁质酶的效果。利用含药(施佳乐)培养基筛选诱导生防木霉菌株T-21产生几丁质酶,通过DEAE 32纤维素柱层析法进行分离纯化,用SDS-PAGE测定其分子量,并分析温度和pH值对酶活力的影响以及耐药酶对灰霉菌的抑制作用。生防木霉菌株T-21对化学农药施佳乐具有一定的抗性,浓度达1 000μg/ml时生长及产孢情况良好。通过分离纯化的几丁质酶,其分子量为45 kD,其最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为5.0,对灰霉菌有明显抑制作用。生防木霉菌株T-21产生的几丁质酶,可与化学杀菌剂混合使用,以增强田间的防治效果、减少化学农药的用量,进而减少化学农药对农作物的污染及残留。     

木霉工程菌株酯酶同工酶和可溶性蛋白的电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对木霉菌的野生菌株T21及其4株REMI转化子T31、T34、T47、T55的可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明各转化子之间、转化子与野生菌株之间的谱带均有差异。野生菌株T21及转化子T31、T34、T47、T55的蛋白谱带为22,21,19,17,24条;酯酶谱带为6,8,4,5,3条。     

加工番茄系统抗性诱导促生菌的筛选鉴定及其促生防病效果

【目的】 筛选具有诱导番茄系统抗性的促生菌并验证其对加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的防效,为新疆加工番茄病害的生物防治提供理论依据和菌种资源。【方法】 采用稀释涂布法,分离番茄等作物的根部土壤细菌,以无菌生理盐水和稀释至10⁴倍数未接菌的NB培养基为空白对照,利用发芽实验初筛加工番茄促生菌;用菌株发酵液灌根处理加工番茄幼苗,以清水处理为空白对照,测量叶片中茉莉酸含量,复筛系统抗性诱导菌株,分别挑战接种番茄早疫病、灰霉病病原菌,统计疫情指数和诱抗效果。测定菌株16S rDNA序列,初步进行菌种鉴定。【结果】 共分离到147株细菌,筛选得到19株显著(P<0.05)促进加工番茄种子萌发、增加根长的促生菌,有4株促生菌显著(P<0.05)提高加工番茄叶片中茉莉酸含量,防病验证最终得到3株能同时有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的菌株,诱抗防效在27.59%~39.44%。菌株FY10、FY12、FY93鉴定为Bacillus atrophaeus,Pseudomonas wadenswilerensis和Bacillus pumilus。【结论】 获得3株具有系统抗性诱导功能且有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的促生菌。     

生物菌剂防治设施番茄灰霉病防治效果研究

随着设施蔬菜栽培面积不断扩大,连作障碍日益严重,从而增加了病虫害的发生频率。为有效防治连作障碍,降低设施蔬菜土传病虫害的发生,减少化学农药施用量,为有效解决设施蔬菜连作障碍,减少化学农药使用量,提高农产品品质,增加农户效益,研究了抗重茬微生态制剂、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌等生物菌剂在番茄灰霉病的防治中的使用效果。结果表明,试验处理所用的生物菌剂防治番茄灰霉病具有很好的防治效果,同时,在整个试验过程中,对番茄无不良影响,安全性好,是目前理想的处理方式。     

Proteomic study of three component interactions： plant, pathogens andantagonistic fungi

The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co…     

5个木霉菌株的抑菌谱及部分生物学特性

 5个木霉菌株在对峙培养中对水稻稻瘟病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌等18种植物病原真菌和7株土壤习居镰刀菌都有明显抑制效果。哈茨木霉菌株Th-B的抑菌效果显著高于绿色木霉菌株LTR-2和其他3个菌株,哈茨木霉菌株Th-A和Th-B的产孢能力高于其他菌株,Th-B对辣椒灰霉病的预防效果达65.20%.     

Screening of Trichoderma strains tolerant to benzimidazole

The screening of isolates and the assay of biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma were studied systematically in laboratory and greenhouse in vivo. The proteins tolerant to benzimidazole in Trichoderma strains were purified, and their physical and chemical properties were detected. Compared their biological activities in vitro and vivo in greenhouse, nine biocontrol strains (including Ty-10-2,LTR-2,Tj-5-1,Tj-5-4,Ty-11-1,Tj-11-3,Ty-11-3,Tj-3-3-2,Tj-3-3-4) were screened. These bioco…     

拮抗木霉菌的生防机制研究进展

从拮抗木霉菌的抑茵作用机理、诱导抗病性、促进植物生长等方面对木霉菌生防机制的研究进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了概括。从生防功能的多样性来看,木霉菌是一种理想的生防菌株和难得的生防资源。     

灰色关联度分析法在拮抗丝核菌木霉菌株筛选中的应用

为了筛选出能较好拮抗丝核菌的木霉菌株和了解灰色关联度分析法在木霉菌株的抑制率、产孢量及其对温度、酸碱度和多菌灵杀菌剂的耐受程度等主要生防性状综合评价中的应用效果,采用该方法对初筛得到的10株木霉菌株的8个主要性状进行了综合分析,其中木霉菌株T21-1-4的灰色关联度ri=0.8793最大,其次是T35-2-3和T16-1-4,其灰色关联度分别为0.8388和0.8337。说明T21-1-4菌株是拮抗丝核菌的较好的木霉菌株。     

放线菌327~#代谢产物对木酶的抑制作用

为探索利用拮抗菌防治由木霉引起的食用菌病害,以对多种植物病原菌有抑制作用的放线菌327#为供试材料,研究其对木霉的抑制效果和作用方式,以及对白灵菇生长的影响。结果表明:放线菌327#无菌发酵滤液对木霉菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,培养7d,含327#发酵滤液的琼脂周围木霉无法生长。琼脂扩散试验中,发酵滤液在含木霉孢子的平板上可形成直径(20±1)mm的抑菌圈,圈内木霉孢子萌发受到强烈抑制。浓度为10%的发酵滤液使木霉菌丝停止发育,不能形成孢子。而327#发酵滤液对白灵菇的生长影响较弱,培养7d,含327#滤液的琼脂周围白灵菇可生长。由此可见,拮抗放线菌327#的代谢产物对木霉有较强抑制作用,而对白灵菇的影响不大。     

Effects of different LED light wavelengths on the resistance of tomato against Botrytis cinerea and the corresponding physiological mechanisms

New types of light-emitting diode(LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with 6.cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on the infection of tomato with6.cinerea,to determine the optimum light wavelengths to control 6.cinerea,and to explore the mechanism of LED influence on the development of gray mold.The results showed that purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of 6.cinerea mycelium,and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%,respectively,and purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light.The lesion development of 6.cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%,respectively.Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion(O_2~-) that was caused by infection with 6.cinerea,and red light regulated the H_2O_2 content in the tomato leaf,which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level.In addition,red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) in tomato leaves.However,purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response.Therefore,red light and purple light can suppress gray mold in tomatoes,but the disease suppression mechanisms of these two types of LED light are different.In general,red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease,whereas the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of 6.cinerea.     

木霉菌对几种植物病原菌的拮抗作用

为探明木霉对植物病原菌的拮抗作用效果,筛选出优势菌株,从长沙地区的15种作物根围采集到27份土壤样本,经室内分离、纯化得到28个木霉菌菌株.利用对峙法和稀释法测定了28个菌株对花生立枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、水稻恶苗病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、白术白绢病菌的拮抗作用,得到1株对5种供试病原真菌均有强烈拮抗作用的菌株,经鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉.对峙培养可观察到,多数情况下,接种后2 d内木霉与病原菌接触,随后覆盖或侵入病菌菌落,抑制其生长,其抑制程度随木霉孢子浓度的降低而减弱.温室盆栽试验发现,哈茨木霉对番茄立枯病防效显著,喷洒高浓度的哈茨木霉分生孢子悬浮液防效可达80%以上,且具有持续防效和刺激作物生长的作用.