Regulation of Capacitation of Canine Spermatozoa during Co-culture with Heterologous Oviductal Epithelial Cells

Progress of essential steps of the capacitation is coordinated in the oviductal isthmus, where sperm are stored in close contact with the epithelium. A crucial capacitational event is the phosphorylation of sperm membrane proteins. Regulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation by the oviduct has not been examined in dog sperm yet. The aim of this work was to study the effect of dog sperm binding to porcine oviductal epithelium on capacitation‐induced cellular and molecular changes. Epithelial cells were stripped from the oviducts of post‐puberal sows and cultured for 5–7 days at 39°C and 5% CO₂ on Biomatrix‐covered Chamber slides. Sperm washed through Percoll was co‐incubated with the oviductal epithelium cell cultures in a bicarbonate Tyrode's medium. During co‐incubation, sperm membrane changes, the state of tyrosine phosphorylation and motility were determined after 3, 30, 90, 180, 240 and 360 min. Significant increases in the percentage of capacitated and dead cells were observed in unbound sperm, while bound sperm remained uncapacitated, live and motile. An increasing tyrosine phosphorylation of tail proteins in bound, unbound and control sperm suspensions and a subsequent phosphorylation of head proteins in unbound and control sperm suspensions were observed. A significant difference regarding head phosphorylation (p < 0.05) was found between sperm bound to oviductal epithelium and unbound sperm. Binding occurred mainly in sperm with non‐ phosphorylated heads, while higher proportions of phosphorylated cells were found in unbound populations. The head phosphorylation progressed significantly during incubation in unbound spermatozoa (p < 0.05); however, it was suppressed in population of sperm attached to oviductal epithelium. Significant correlations between motility parameters related to hyperactivation and tail phosphorylation were found in unbound sperm. These observations support the hypothesis that spermatozoa with non‐phosphorylated heads preferentially attach to epithelial cells. It can be concluded that tyrosine phosphorylation of head membrane proteins and capacitation are delayed in canine spermatozoa being in closed contact with oviductal epithelium.     

猪小肠上皮细胞分离培养与鉴定

为建立功能性永生化的猪小肠上皮细胞系,并为猪肠道营养吸收与免疫调控以及仔猪肠道疾病发病机制的研究提供细胞模型,本试验采用组织块培养法来分离纯化猪小肠上皮细胞,并通过细胞角蛋白18、细胞增殖曲线、核型分析来鉴定猪小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:1)采用组织块培养法能够成功培养猪小肠上皮细胞并稳定传11代。2)本试验获得的猪小肠上皮细胞角蛋白18抗原鉴定为阳性,染色体核型为二倍体。3)倒置显微镜下观察培养至第11代的猪小肠上皮细胞仍然保持着上皮细胞的特征,呈现"铺路石"和上皮样形态。培养11代后的猪小肠上皮细胞间隙开始变大,规则不明显,细胞开始凋亡。第15代的猪小肠上皮细胞则出现大量凋亡并从瓶底脱落,仅有很少细胞贴壁生长。综上所述,采用组织块培养法能够获得生物学功能稳定的猪小肠上皮细胞系并能正常传11代,可为细胞的永生化提供试验素材。     

猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞原代培养

分别采用酶消化法和组织块培养法,建立了猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞原代培养的方法。酶消化法于37℃分为4个处理组进行。处理1以2.5 g/L的胰蛋白酶消化30 min;处理2以2.0 g/L胶原酶Ⅰ消化70 min;处理3以50 mg/L嗜热菌蛋白酶消化50 min;处理4以50 mg/L嗜热菌蛋白酶+2.0 g/L胶原酶Ⅰ消化70 min。采用柠檬酸胰酶法分离纯化细胞。结果表明,组织块法原代培养获得的细胞活性较强。     

In Vivo and In Vitro Sperm Interaction with Oviductal Epithelial Cells of Llama

Sperm reservoirs in South American Camelids would be crucial for successful fertilization. Since ovulation occurs approximately 36 h after mating, the maintenance of the sperm viability in the oviduct waiting for the ovum is a critical reproductive event. Our study aimed at determining whether the isthmus or the utero tubal junction (UTJ) could function as a sperm reservoir in llama by means of in vivo and in vitro experiments. For the in vivo experiments, the oviducts of adult females with a dominant follicle bigger than 7 mm were examined for the presence of sperm at 6, 18, 24, 28 and 35 h after mating. The results using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural differences between isthmus and UTJ with respect to (1) predominance of secretory cells in the UTJ and ciliated cells in the isthmus epithelium and (2) cytoplasmic bulbous projection of the secretory cells in the UTJ. Sperm adhered by a mucus‐like substance were seen only in the UTJ at 6, 18, 24 and 28 h post‐mating. Lack of sperm adhered to oviductal mucosa was observed around ovulation (35 h). In vitro experiments demonstrated higher ability of UTJ epithelial cell explants with respect to isthmus explants to bind sperm in a co‐cultured system. The anatomical features and the presence of a sperm bonding agent in the UTJ together with the in vitro differential binding of sperm to UTJ explants strongly suggest that both may be feasible mechanisms that facilitate sperm storage in this oviductal region in llama.     

槲皮素对猪肠上皮细胞利用蛋白质的作用机制

本试验旨在研究槲皮素促进猪肠上皮细胞利用蛋白质的作用及机制.猪肠上皮细胞孵育48 h后试验组分别用含0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8和1.6 mg/L槲皮素的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液处理72 h,对照组采用0.2％DMSO处理.采用二喹啉甲酸(BCA)测定受试细胞中蛋白质的含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)...     

猪小肠上皮细胞酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

为了更系统的研究病毒在猪肠道内侵入及致病的分子机制,本试验以猪小肠上皮细胞(intestinal epithelial cells,IEC)为模型,应用RNeasy Min Kit从猪IEC中提取细胞总RNA,反转录后,利用SMART技术合成双链cDNA(ds-cDNA),通过同源重组的方法构建猪IEC酵母双杂交cDNA文库。结果显示,文库的滴度为8.4×10⁸ CFU/mL,插入的ds-cDNA片段大小为0.5~2.0 kb,平均长度约为1.1 kb,文库重组率为100%。此文库为筛选与猪腹泻病毒相互作用的宿主蛋白及进一步阐明病毒的致病机制奠定了基础,为研制有效的药物或疫苗提供了依据。     

姜黄素抑制轮状病毒感染猪肠上皮细胞的作用研究

本研究旨在探讨姜黄素对猪轮状病毒(PRV)感染猪肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2细胞)的抗病毒作用。以IPEC-J2细胞为试验对象,分别设置阴性对照组、感染PRV(感染复数=0.1)组和感染PRV后姜黄素(20μmol/L)处理组。在感染PRV后观察细胞病变,利用流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术和病毒滴度测定法检测PRV在IPEC-J2细胞内的复制与增殖。结果表明：与阴性对照组相比,1)PRV感染导致IPEC-J2细胞病变,显著降低细胞活力(P<0.05),极显著上调细胞内ROS含量(P<0.01);2)姜黄素可显著抑制PRV在细胞内的复制与增殖(P<0.05);3)在PRV吸附细胞阶段添加姜黄素显著抑制了病毒的复制与增殖(P<0.05);4)姜黄素在感染前与PRV直接孵育能显著降低感染后病毒的滴度(P<0.05);5)PRV感染显著提高了细胞内黑色素瘤分化相关基因5、干扰素诱导蛋白44样蛋白抗体和干扰素β的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),显著降低了细胞内Toll样受体适配器分子1、线粒体抗病毒信...     

亮氨酸对猪乳腺上皮细胞营养转运的影响及调控机制

本试验采用猪乳腺上皮细胞作为体外模型探讨亮氨酸对乳成分合成的影响及其分子机制。分别用0（对照组）、1、5和10 mmol/L的亮氨酸处理猪乳腺上皮细胞24和48 h后,检测细胞活力,分析乳蛋白、氨基酸转运载体、葡萄糖转运载体及脂肪酸转运载体的基因表达情况,并进一步检测哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路中关键蛋白mTOR和核糖体蛋白S6激酶1(S6K1)的表达和磷酸化情况以期探索体外亮氨酸调控乳成分合成的机制。结果显示：不同浓度亮氨酸处理48 h后细胞活力均较对照组显著提高（P <0.05）,且以亮氨酸浓度为1 mmol/L时细胞活力最高。与对照组相比,1 mmol/L组的αs2-酪蛋白（CSN1S2）和κ-酪蛋白（CSN3）mRNA相对表达量显著提高（P<0.05）,5 mmol/L组的CSN1S2 mRNA相对表达量显著提高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,氨基酸转运体溶质载体家族1成员4(SLC1A4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)、溶质载体家族7成员5(LAT1)、溶质载体家族7成员7(SLC7A7)和脂肪酸转运蛋白1(FATP1)的mRNA相...     

实验性流行性腹泻仔猪小肠粘膜上皮细胞及肠系膜淋巴结的超微结构

给8头生后3d的哺乳仔猪经口感染猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)“吉”毒株,于感染后18、30、45和96h各扑杀2头,以透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了小肠粘膜上皮细胞及肠系膜淋巴结的超微结构。结果表明,小肠上皮细胞的病变因感染时间不同而有明显差异。上皮细胞的脱落和残留上皮细胞超微结构的破坏,以感染后30h最严重,病毒在这些上皮细胞内的增殖最显著。感染后45h,见有大量新生上皮细胞修补损伤的肠绒毛。感染后96h,小肠绒毛短缩、粗大乃至发生融合。实验仔猪肠系膜淋巴结内巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞的超微结构均遭到破坏,在巨噬细胞内见有PED冠状病毒粒子。     

感染产肠毒素大肠杆菌的猪小肠上皮细胞microRNA表达谱分析

试验旨在探索产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC）感染猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）诱导的microRNA （miRNA）表达谱变化,为解析宿主miRNA在ETEC感染过程中的调控作用提供理论基础。利用Illumina 6000 Novoseq SE50测序平台分别对ETEC感染前后的IPEC-J2进行高通量测序,用Bowtie与参考基因组比对,用DESeq R Package进行miRNA差异性分析。通过miRanda和RNAhybid共同预测差异表达miRNA的靶基因,对差异表达miRNA靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路分析。随机选取5个miRNAs,对测序结果进行实时荧光定量PCR验证。结果显示,IPEC-J2在感染前后的sRNA文库经过滤分别得到12 889 260和11 203 056条clean reads。感染前后文库中,miRNA所占比例最高,分别为73.16%和54.10%;分别有97.98%和69.83%长度为18~40 nt的sRNA可比对到参考基因组,表明测序质控良好。长度在22~24 nt的序列大部分首位碱基偏向U,2~8位点出现频率最高的碱基分别为AGCUUAU。共发现311个已知miRNAs,128个新miRNAs。在2个文库中,长度为23 nt的miRNA序列占比最高,分别为41.42%和23.56%。感染后共筛选到140个差异表达miRNAs,其中74个表达上调,66个表达下调。GO分析表明,miRNA靶基因显著富集于代谢过程、正向调节代谢过程、细胞成分或生物合成、免疫系统、细胞内部分和细胞器等功能。KEGG分析表明,差异表达miRNA靶基因显著富集于赖氨酸降解、生产IgA的肠道免疫网络、NF-κB信号通路和T细胞受体信号通路等。实时荧光定量PCR验证结果表明,随机选取的5个miRNAs表达趋势与测序结果一致,表明测序准确可靠。综上所述,IPEC-J2的miRNAs参与了ETEC感染过程,为进一步揭示调控ETEC感染的关键miRNA及其作用机制提供科学依据。     

体外培养猪小肠上皮细胞大豆凝集素结合位点的标记

本研究旨在获得体外培养状态下的猪小肠上皮细胞,研究猪小肠上皮细胞与大豆凝集素的结合情况.选取新生未哺乳健康仔猪,取小肠组织对小肠上皮细胞进行分离培养,并进行纯化.纯化后的细胞以角蛋白抗体-8为—抗进行细胞免疫化学试验鉴定,鉴定后的猪小肠上皮细胞以FITC-SBA为探针进行细胞凝集素荧光标记化学试验,对猪小肠上皮细胞大豆凝集素结合位点进行标记.结果表明:试验分离纯化的细胞经角蛋白抗体-8鉴定为阳性,所分离纯化的细胞为猪小肠上皮细胞,经检测其纯度达90％以上,猪小肠上皮细胞FITC-SBA标记结果为阳性.体外培养的猪小肠上皮细胞表面存在大量的大豆凝集素结合位点,进一步明确了猪小肠上皮细胞是大豆凝集素结合的主要细胞类型之一,为单胃动物大豆凝集索抗营养机制研究提供理论依据.     

猪肺脏气道上皮干细胞的特异抗体筛选与抗原表达研究

猪肺脏气道上皮主要由基底细胞,克拉拉细胞,纤毛细胞,杯状细胞等上皮细胞类型组成,筛选猪气道上皮干细胞的相关特异性抗体,观察其特异抗原的表达,将有助于对猪气道上皮干细胞的分离、鉴定和生物学特性的研究.试验中,制备远端气道上皮细胞的冰冻切片与细胞爬片,利用免疫荧光染色法,分析不同物种来源的抗体对猪气道上皮细胞的免疫染色反应;同时利用Oct3/4、Sox2、CD133和SSEA-1等10种上皮干细胞相关抗体分析猪气道上皮干细胞表面抗原表达情况.通过试验,筛选出在猪气道上皮干细胞相关抗体,并发现气道组织冰冻切片未检测到这10种抗体相关的阳性细胞,而在细胞爬片中观察到CD49f和CD117阳性细胞数量较多.免疫荧光共染发现这些CD49f和CD117阳性细胞同时也表达基底细胞表面标记Keratin 14.这可能是正常情况下猪气道上皮干细胞数量极为稀少,表面抗原表达量低而不易检测到,在肺脏气道上皮受到外环境刺激时(如消化),上皮干细胞开始增殖以完成损伤修复作用发生数量上的增殖.综上所述,利用Keratin 14和CD49f或CD117(c-kit)双标染色法可以鉴定猪肺脏气道上皮干细胞的候选亚群来用于其生物学特性与功能的研究.     

Culture of Piglet Intestinal Epithelial Cells in vitro and the Infectivity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus on the Cells

The study was aimed to establish a simple in vitro culture system for piglet small intestinal epithelial cells,and to provide materials for researches on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).In this study,newborn piglets that did not eat colostrum were used as the initial donors,and the primary cells were separated in vitro by scraping the intestinal mucosa from the intestinal lumen and mechanical separation and dispersion.The piglet intestinal epithelial cells were purified using 0.1% trypsin differential digestion method.Compared the effects of newborn weak piglets and normal piglets as donors on the activity of primary intestinal epithelial cells.MTT method was used to compare the proliferation activity of primary cells of different generations.Immunofluorescence and Real-time RT-PCR were used to detect the infection and proliferation of PEDV strain CV777 in primary intestinal epithelial cells.The results showed that the isolation and culture method in vitro used in this study could obtain primary intestinal epithelial cells with good proliferation activity,with obvious S-type cell proliferation curves.The cells with high purity and single morphology could be obtained by differential digestion,and had good proliferation activity after five consecutive passages.The proliferative activity of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from weak piglets and normal piglets had no obvious difference,and provided new way for reducing the cost of primary cell culture.The results of immunofluorescence and Real-time RT-PCR showed that PEDV could infect the primary intestinal epithelial cells,and replicated and proliferated in them.In this study,we established a simple,practical and low-cost method for in vitro culture of piglet primary small intestinal epithelial cells.The primary cells cultured by this method could be used as basic materials for the isolation and culture of PEDV and related research.     

仔猪小肠上皮细胞的体外培养及猪流行性腹泻病毒对其感染性研究

本研究旨在建立一种操作简单的仔猪小肠上皮细胞体外培养体系,为猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）的相关研究提供材料。研究以未吃初乳的新生仔猪作为肠道供体,采用肠腔面刮取肠黏膜和机械分离分散的方式进行原代细胞的体外分离。采用0.1%胰蛋白酶差速消化法进行仔猪小肠上皮细胞的纯化;比较新生弱仔猪和正常仔猪作为供体对原代小肠上皮细胞活性的影响;MTT法比较不同代次原代细胞的增殖活性;免疫荧光和实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测PEDV毒株CV777在原代小肠上皮细胞感染和增殖情况。结果显示,本研究建立的体外分离培养方法能获得增殖活性良好的原代小肠上皮细胞,具有明显的S型细胞增殖曲线。通过胰酶差速消化可得到纯度高、形态单一的小肠上皮细胞,同时细胞连续传代5次仍保持良好的增殖活性。弱仔猪和正常仔猪分离培养的小肠上皮细胞的增殖活性比较显示,两者并没有明显区别,这为降低原代细胞培养的成本提供新的思路。免疫荧光和实时荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示,PEDV可感染本方法分离培养的仔猪原代小肠上皮细胞,并在其中进行复制增殖。本研究建立了一种操作简单、实用性强、成本较低的仔猪原代小肠上皮细胞体外培养方法,该方法培养的原代细胞可作为PEDV分离培养和相关研究的基础材料。     

猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞对不同能源物质的利用和需求特点研究进展

小肠黏膜上皮细胞的能量营养是保障肠道正常发育的基础。葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂肪酸是所有生命活动的初始底物和供能物质,也是为肠黏膜上皮细胞提供营养和维持其生理功能的重要物质。与其他细胞相比,肠黏膜上皮细胞对三大营养物质有不同的代谢特点和需求差异,这些物质通过不同的代谢途径发挥其营养功能,因此明晰肠黏膜上皮细胞对不同营养物质的需求特点,才能为其提供高效利用的营养物质。本文总结了猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞对3种能源物质的代谢、利用及需求特点,以进一步了解肠黏膜上皮细胞对营养物质的代谢和需求规律,为肠道合理高效的能源供给提供理论支撑。     

猪转移因子对犬中性粒细胞数量和活性的影响

按标准方法提取制备了猪的转移因子（transfer factor, TF）,用吞噬杀伤试验MTT法检测了供试杂种牧羊犬肌肉注射猪TF后外周血中性粒细胞吞噬杀伤活性的变化。试验摸索出MTT法测定犬外周血中性粒细胞吞噬杀伤大肠杆菌的最佳条件为：中性粒细胞浓度1.3×106个/ml、大肠杆菌浓度6×105个/ml 时,大肠杆菌和中性粒细胞混合培养2 h,加入MTT后继续培养4 h。体外试验结果表明,猪TF浓度在0.052～1.56 mg/ml范围内,能够明显促进中性粒细胞吞噬杀菌作用,当猪TF浓度为1.56 mg/ml时,对中性粒细胞杀菌活性的影响最大。体内试验结果表明,注射猪TF后第2 d,外周血中性粒细胞数量最高,中性粒细胞吞噬杀菌能力最强。     

猪肾上皮细胞SLA-1基因的克隆及分子结构特征分析

【目的】利用猪肾上皮细胞15(PK15)建立系统的猪白细胞抗原1(SLA-1)抗原表位筛选系统。【方法】提取PK15细胞总RNA,设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增SLA-1基因(SLA-1*PK15),将该基因克隆到pMD18-T载体上,并进行双酶切及测序鉴定;利用DNAMAN 5.2.2、Mega 5.0、Multalin及同源建模进行系统进化树、二级结构、三级结构分析。【结果】RT-PCR扩增获得约1 400 bp条带,质粒提取和酶切鉴定结果表明SLA-1成功插入pMD18-T载体;测序结果证实该基因共1 419 bp,其中2-1 087 bp为编码区,共编码361个氨基酸,信号肽为21个氨基酸,符合SLA-1基因特征。进化树分析结果显示,SLA-1*PK15与SLA-1*wxd(中国梅山猪)和SLA-1*0401(中国巴马小型猪)进化关系最近,而与SLA-1*lr02(丹麦长白猪)及SLA-1*0509(中国西藏野猪)进化关系较远。胞外区氨基酸比较分析表明,PK15细胞SLA-1基因与其他SLA-1基因胞外区主要变异位点存在于α1区和α2区,α3区的变异位点较少,无特征性...     

Assessment of Antibody‐independent Cellular Cytotoxicity (AICC) of Porcine Neutrophilic Granulocytes by Quantitative Flow Cytometry. Lack of Modulation by Larval Products of Oesophagostomum dentatum

After infection of pigs by the larvae of Oesophagostomum dentatum, granulomas are formed around the third‐stage larvae in the submucosa of the gut which contain a considerable number of neutrophils. This has no obvious impact on the larvae, which develop to fourth‐stage larvae within these granulomas. We therefore asked, whether the products of O. dentatum larvae modulate the functional capacity of porcine neutrophils. The antibody‐independent cellular cytotoxicity (AICC) was chosen as a model system. This assay was developed for the pig and quantified using flow cytometry. Bovine lymphoblastoid cells (cell line Anna TA1) served as targets. The measurement of cytotoxicity was based on the determination of absolute numbers of vital target cells. This procedure proved to be reliable and required no additional labelling of target and/or effector cells. Porcine neutrophils, when stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA; 10 nmol/l), killed target cells at effector : target ratios between 1 : 1 and 9 : 1. AICC was not demonstrable after 4 h but could be observed between 16 h and 20 h after in vitro co‐culture. Killing of targets required close physical contact between effector and targets, since supernatants of PMA‐stimulated polymorphonuclear cells were not able to lyse the target cells. Homogenates of third‐ and fourth‐stage larvae of O. dentatum did not affect the vitality of porcine granulocytes or target cells in vitro, nor did they modulate the AICC capacity of porcine granulocytes.     

猪肺炎支原体醛缩酶原核表达及致猪气管上皮细胞凋亡的研究

为了研究Ⅱ类果糖二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)是否为猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)的毒力因子,并参与其致病作用,根据已发表的猪肺炎支原体醛缩酶全基因序列设计特异性的引物,以猪肺炎支原体168株基因组为模板,通过Overlap PCR点突变扩增醛缩酶基因。将FBA克隆至pET-28a(+)载体后进行序列测定和分析,结果表明,FBA基因全长864 bp。将构建的重组表达质粒pET-28a(+)/FBA转化至大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),通过筛选获得阳性克隆,重组工程菌在IPTG诱导下成功获得表达融合蛋白猪肺炎支原体Ⅱ类果糖二磷酸醛缩酶(Mhp FBA),大小约为35 ku。纯化蛋白并接种于猪气管上皮细胞至FBA终浓度分别为0、10、50、100、150、200μg/mL,孵育24 h后进行上清中丙酮酸浓度的检测和细胞凋亡检测。结果上清中丙酮酸浓度随着FBA浓度的上升,出现先极显著上升(P<0.01)、后急剧下降的现象;细胞平均凋亡率依次分别为3.54%、10.91%、13.99%、27.19%、32.84%和40.71%,并随着FBA浓度的升高而升高,且相比阴性对照组差异均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。成功构建了Mhp FBA重组菌,表达获得了Mhp重组蛋白FBA,该蛋白可能为猪肺炎支原体的毒力因子,参与猪肺炎支原体的致病作用,从而为进一步开展Mhp致病机理和药物研究奠定基础。     

Glycomolecule Modifications in the Seminiferous Epithelial Cells and in the Acrosome of Post‐testicular Spermatozoa in the Alpaca

A lectin histochemical investigation of the seminiferous epithelium and acrosomes of spermatozoa present in the efferent ductules and epididymal regions was carried out in the alpaca. The histochemical characterization was performed using a battery of different lectins: Con‐A, UEA‐I, LTA, WGA, GSA‐IB4, SBA, PNA, ECA, DBA, MAL‐II and SNA. Sialidase digestion and deglycosilation pre‐treatments were also employed. The cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells contained N‐linked oligosaccharides with α‐d ‐Man/α‐d ‐Glc and GlcNAc and O‐linked glycans with α‐l ‐Fuc, β‐GalNAc, β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐4)‐d ‐GlcNAc, α–Gal and Neu5Acα2,6α‐GalNAc moieties whereas β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐3)‐d ‐GalNAc residues were included in both O‐ and N‐glycoproteins. Spermatogonia expressed α‐d ‐Man/α‐d ‐Glc residues included in N‐glycoproteins and α‐Fuc in O‐glycoproteins. Spermatocytes contained the N‐glycoproteins residues α‐d ‐Man/α‐d ‐Glc and GlcNAc and the O‐glycoproteins residues α‐l ‐Fuc, β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐4)‐d ‐GlcNAc, α–Gal, β‐GalNAc, Neu5Acα2,6α‐GalNAc and Neu5Acα2,6β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐3)‐d ‐GalNAc. The results of the present study show differences in the presence and distribution of lectin reactive sites throughout the acrosomal development in the alpaca. In particular, Fuc moieties were found only during the Golgi‐phase of spermatids, α‐Gal were found in the acrosome of Golgi‐ and cap‐phase spermatids, sialic‐acid/α‐GalNAc sequence was revealed during the cap‐phase and elongated spermatids, and α‐d ‐Man/α‐d ‐Glc and GlcNAc were detected only in the acrosomes of elongated spermatids. Finally, β‐GalNAc, β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐3)‐d ‐GalNAc and β‐d ‐Gal‐(1‐4)‐d ‐GlcNAc were added to acrosomal glycoproteins in the early stages of spermatogenesis and remained unchanged during the later phases. Differences in the carbohydrate expression were also demonstrated on the sperm acrosomes during passage through the post‐testicular ducts.