Effects of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and serum parameters in growing pigs

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 72 growing pigs (body weight = 40.8 ± 2.1 kg) were used in feeding trials, lasting for up to 42 days, and were randomly allotted to one of three diets, including a corn‐soybean meal control diet as well as two experimental diets containing 10% unfermented rapeseed meal (RSM) or 10% FRSM. The results showed that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs fed FRSM were superior (P < 0.05) to that of pigs fed unfermented RSM and did not differ from the control. Pigs fed control diet had higher (P < 0.05) total tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, protein, calcium and phosphorus than pigs fed unfermented RSM diet and did not differ from the FRSM diet. Pigs fed FRSM had lower levels (P < 0.05) of serum aspartate transaminase compared to unfermented RSM. In conclusion, solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger may improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of RSM for pigs and FRSM is a promising alternative protein for pig production.     

Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions

The effect of housing two Hyline strains of commercial laying hens White Hyline (W-98) and Brown Hyline (Hyline Brown) at densities of 2, 3 or 4 per cage (1100, 733 or 550 cm²/hen, respectively) was investigated over 3 months. Hyline Brown layers gained more weight, laid more but lighter eggs, utilized feed more efficiently and had a lower mortality than W-98 layers. Housing birds 2 or 3 per cage resulted in greater body weight gain, higher egg production, heavier eggs, better feed conversion ratio and a lower mortality than housing them 4 per cage. There were significant interactions between strain and stocking density for egg production, egg weight, egg output and mortality. It is suggested that for egg production in semi-arid areas Hyline Brown hens could be used and housed at a density of 733 cm²/hen.     

牛至油对生长猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响

选用健康、体重25kg左右的荣×大×杜杂交猪60头,随机分到2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复5头猪,每圈为1个重复,研究添加牛至油对生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。试验组在对照组的基础上添加100g/t的牛至油,测定猪的生产性能和养分表观消化率。试验结果表明,在生长猪日粮中添加100g/t的牛至油具有改善猪只生产性能、提高养分表观消化率的趋势,可降低单位增重饲料成本。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

低蛋白饲粮添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖酶对生长猪生长性能和养分排泄量的影响

试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶对生长猪生长性能、养分排泄量的影响。54头平均初始体重为(41.92±2.6)kg的杜长大三元杂交猪分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。1组为对照组(饲粮粗蛋白质水平为17.4%),2、3组为试验组,2组在1组基础上,饲粮粗蛋白质水平降至14.3%、总磷水平降低0.1个百分点,添加植酸酶;3组在2组基础上添加NSP酶,试验期38 d。试验结果表明,2组的平均日增重、料重比比1组分别提高7.64%和1.94%(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05);粪N浓度2、3组比1组分别降低18.58%、23.01%(P0.05);粪P浓度2、3组比1组分别降低40.23%、39.08%(P0.01)。由此可见,将常规饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低3个百分点、总磷水平降低0.1个百分点,并添加植酸酶,能显著提高生长猪平均日增重,显著减少粪氮含量,极显著减少粪磷含量;在此基础上,继续添加NSP酶不影响生长猪生长性能和粪中养分含量。     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

Effects of supplemental humic substances on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs

A total of forty-eight finishing pigs were used to determine the effects of humic substances (HS) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality. The finishing pigs were assigned randomly by weight to three treatments. The dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) HS1 (basal diet + 5% humic substances) and 3) HS2 (basal diet + 10% humic substances). Results of the whole experimental period showed that addition of 10% HS to the diet, significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed (G:F) (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the relative lymphocyte counts (% of total white blood cells) of pigs fed HS2 diet were higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The Minolta color parameter a of pigs fed HS2 was similar to that of pigs fed HS1, however, it was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The inclusion of either 5% or 10% HS significantly decreased backfat thickness (P < 0.05). The marbling score was increased significantly (P < 0.05) when diets were supplemented with HS at a level of 10%. The results of this study suggest that HS might be utilized as a feed additive in the diet. It could improve growth performance, relative lymphocyte counts and meat quality.     

Effects of dietary tryptophan and stocking density on the performance,meat quality,and metabolic status of broilers

Background

Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density.

Methods

Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m² in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices.

Results

A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain (P < 0.10), and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P < 0.001). Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma (P < 0.01), reducing drip loss of breast muscle (P < 0.10) and improving feed efficiency (P < 0.10).

Conclusions

An increase in dietary TRP, 1.5-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.     

Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of finishing broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of broilers. One thousand four hundred and forty 22‐day‐old Lingnan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to five different stocking density groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds per m²). Each group consisted of three replicates. The results showed that 8 and 10 birds/m² groups had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the others (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀) in the group of 16 birds/m² had the highest levels (p < 0.05). The group of 16 birds/m² had the lowest total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activities in blood serum (p < 0.05), and significantly increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) concentration compared to the groups of 8 and 10 birds/m² (p < 0.05). In liver, the group of eight birds/m² had higher T‐AOC levels than that of 12, 14, and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05) and also higher catalase (CAT) activities than that of 14 and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05); the group of 10 birds/m² had the highest T‐SOD activities among all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the above results suggest that stocking density of broilers up to 8 or 10 birds/m² can prevent the negative effects on growth performance and welfare parameters in broilers.     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in broiler chickens raised in high stocking density (HSD) on performance and physiological responses. A total of 900 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) at 1 d old were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to 4 treatments (10 replicates per treatment) with stocking density, 7.5 birds/m² (low stocking density; LSD) or 15 birds/m² (HSD), and dietary GABA, 0 or 100 mg/kg. Chickens raised in HSD exhibited a decrease in body weight gain in all phases (P < 0.05) and feed intake in starter and whole phases (P < 0.01), and an increase in feed conversion ratio in the finisher phase (P < 0.01) compared with LSD-raised chickens. However, dietary GABA did not affect growth performance nor interacted with stocking density on production variables. The HSD vs. LSD increased relative liver weight on d 35 whereas dietary GABA increased relative liver weight and decreased relative bursa weight on d 21. Both stocking density and dietary GABA affected yield and quality of breast and leg muscles. Dietary GABA increased (P < 0.05) width of tibia on d 35 and interacted (P = 0.054) with stocking density on breaking stocking density on d 35. The HSD vs. LSD group lowered (P < 0.05) feather coverage scores. Significant interaction between stocking density and GABA on surface temperature of shank on d 21 was noted (P = 0.024). Dietary GABA exhibited an opposite effect on the concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids depending on stocking density leading to a moderate to significant interaction. Stocking density decreased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein whereas dietary GABA decreased heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and corticosterone in blood or serum samples. Serum biochemical parameters were altered by stocking density or dietary GABA. It is concluded that dietary GABA alleviated stress indices including corticosterone and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, but failed to reverse stocking density-induced growth depression.     

日粮纤维对猪生长性能、营养代谢及肠道生理的影响

日粮纤维作为饲料的重要组成成分,对猪只的生产性能和健康状况都有积极作用,日粮纤维对猪只采食量、饲料利用率及肠道健康的研究已引起国内外广泛关注。文章综述了日粮纤维对猪只生长性能、营养利用及肠道微生物的影响,为今后探究猪只对饲料中日粮纤维的利用提供参考。     

牛至油对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同浓度的牛至油对肥育猪生长性能和肉质特性的影响。试验选择32头阉割公猪和32头后备母猪随机分成4个组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4和0.8mg/kg牛至油,试验共开展5周。试验结束后禁食12h,称重后屠宰。经过一夜的冷却,从屠体上取50cm的腰肌(每组8头,4头公猪、4头母猪)。日粮中添加牛至精油对生长猪末重、日增重、屠宰率均无显著差异(P>0.05),同时各组最长肌嫩度、屠宰后45min和24h后的pH、肉色及感官特性也无显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,脂质氧化试验结果显示,日粮添加牛至油对肌肉无明显的抗氧化作用(P>0.05)。综上所述,由于胴体和肉质属性均无显著变化,说明本试验中日粮添加不同水平牛至油对猪的肉质参数没有影响。     

纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道绒毛形态及微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。本研究共进行3个试验,试验1收集8头断奶后7 d仔猪的回肠内容物,在体外37℃条件下分别添加0、20、40和80μg/kg纳米银,孵育4 h。结果显示,随着纳米银添加水平的升高,回肠内容物大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌的含量显著线性降低(P<0.05),但对乳酸杆菌比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验2分为3个组,每组10头21 d断奶的仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现随着纳米银添加水平的升高,断奶后2周仔猪的日增重表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05),同时回肠大肠杆菌含量有显著线性降低的趋势(P=0.07),显著降低了细菌总量和奇异菌属含量(P<0.05)。20 mg/kg纳米银组产气荚膜杆菌与梭菌比例最低(P<0.05)。试验3分为3组,每组选择10头21 d断奶仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现,日粮纳米银添加水平对仔猪断奶后前两周绒毛形态无显著影响(P>0.05),而隐窝深度有降低趋势(P=0.08)。20 mg/kg纳米银组仔猪在断奶前两周表现为最高(P<0.05),之后随着纳米银添加水平的升高在3~4周显著降低(P<0.05),料比显著升高(P<0.05)。日粮添加低剂量的纳米银可以改善断奶仔猪的采食量和日增重,适宜添加水平为20~40 mg/kg。     

复合益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、肠绒毛形态及肝脏脂代谢的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮补充以枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌组成的复合益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、小肠绒毛形态及肝脏脂代谢相关指标的影响.试验将208头体重接近的18周龄三元育肥猪随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复26头.对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,处理组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮+1.5?g/kg由乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母菌组成的复合...     

黄曲霉毒素B1对肥育猪生长性能及血液、肝脏功能的影响

为研究黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)对肥育猪生长性能及血液肝脏功能的影响,选取体重为(80±2)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交肥育猪28头,随机分为4组(每组7头),分别饲喂4种不同处理日粮,即在基础日粮中添加0、20、100、200 μg/kg AFB1,预饲期7 d,试验期28 d。结果发现:日粮中添加AFB1,高剂量组平均日增重比对照组下降了9.1%(P < 0.01),而中剂量组和高剂量组的平均日采食量比对照组分别降低了1.9%、3.3%(P < 0.01)。添加AFB1高剂量组血清红细胞(RBC)比对照组提高14.6%(P < 0.05),低、中、高剂量组血红蛋白(HGB)含量比对照组分别提高14.4%、13.6%、18.7%(P < 0.01);高剂量组白细胞(WBC)比对照组降低了22.9%(P < 0.05),低、中、高剂量组血小板(PLT)分别比对照组降低36.5%、45.0%、51.2%(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性分别提高33.8%、65.5%、93.2%(P < 0.01),谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性分别提高24.1%(P < 0.05)、137.7%、195.5%(P < 0.01),中、高剂量组谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性分别提高25.8%(P < 0.05)、62.2%、131.0%(P < 0.01)。而肝脏中AKP、GOT、GPT活性随AFB1添加量增加呈下降趋势,与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组GOT活性分别降低16.9%、23.1%、25.1%(P < 0.01),AKP活性分别降低19.1%(P < 0.05)、42.2%、43.9%(P < 0.01),GPT活性分别降低5.0%、6.8%(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中AFB1超标,尤其是含量达到100 μg/kg以上时,肥育猪生长性能下降,并且肥育猪的血液肝脏功能受到损害。     

双低菜粕及添加复合酶制剂对生长猪生长性能及血清指标的影响

选取健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交生长猪36头,按饲养试验要求分为3组,每组3个重复,每重复4头猪(公、母各半)。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮;试验1组(双低菜粕组)在对照组饲粮基础上,用8%的双低菜粕代以配方中7%的豆粕;试验2组(双低菜粕+酶组)在试验1组基础上添加0.03%专用复合酶制剂。预试期7 d,正试期32 d。结果表明,不同处理日粮对生长猪的生长和饲料利用无显著影响(P>0.05);添加酶制剂使生长猪血清FT3水平提高了17.01%(P<0.05);双低菜粕组生长猪血清IgA含量提高了14.08%(P<0.01),加酶后生长猪血清IgGI、gM、补体C3和C4含量分别提高了12.59%(P<0.01)、20.59%(P<0.01)、36.18%(P<0.01)和24%(P<0.01);不同处理日粮对生长猪血清抗氧化指标及Ca、P、BUN(尿素氮)含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

松针粉对生长猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响

为探究饲料中添加松针粉对生长猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响,选择品种、胎次相近,平均体重为(60.92±0.46)kg的杜×长×大(Duroc×Landrace×large white)三元杂交猪108头,按完全随机设计法分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验周期41 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验A组饲喂基础日粮+2%松针粉(等量替代麸皮),试验B组饲喂基础日粮+2%松针粉(直接添加)。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验A组的日增重提高2.88%,采食量提高1.94%,料肉比降低3.91%(P > 0.05);试验组B日增重降低3.43%,采食量降低3.91%,料肉比降低 0.53%(P > 0.05);试验A组与B组的咳嗽率均有所降低,分别降低64.22%和53.43%(P > 0.05);试验A组与B组血清中免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM含量较高,但三个试验组之间差异不显著。因此,在饲料中用2%松针粉等量替代麸皮或直接添加2%松针粉均有提高猪只生长性能、降低咳嗽率、提高免疫功能的趋势(P > 0.05)。     

抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。     

SSTR和IGFBP对生长猪生产性能的影响

选用 9周龄 1 9kg左右约·杜·长·宁四元杂种猪 60头 ,随机分为 3组 ,试验组I、试验组II和对照组各 2 0头。试验组I在 1 0、 1 3和 1 5周龄颈部皮下注射生长激素抑制激素受体 (SSTR)疫苗 ;试验组II在 1 0周龄颈部皮下注射SSTR +IGFBP (胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 )疫苗 ,1 3及 1 5周龄注射SSTR疫苗 ;对照组注射相同剂量的生理盐水。结果表明 :SSTR组平均日增重较对照组提高 5 73% ,采食量提高 3 88%。SSTR +IGFBP组平均日增重较对照组提高 9 74% ,采食量提高 1 1 1 6%。