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The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a major pest and widespread ectoparasite of laying hens and other domestic and wild birds. Under optimal conditions, D. gallinae can complete its lifecycle in less than 10 days, leading to rapid proliferation of populations in poultry systems. This paper focuses on developing a theoretical model framework to describe the population dynamics of D. gallinae. This model is then used to test the efficacy and residual effect of different control options for managing D. gallinae. As well as allowing comparison between treatment options, the model also allows comparison of treatment efficacies to different D. gallinae life stages. Three different means for controlling D. gallinae populations were subjected to the model using computer simulations: mechanical cleaning (killing once at a given time all accessible population stages), sanitary clearance (starving the mite population for a given duration, e.g. between flocks) and acaricide treatment (killing a proportion of nymphs and adults during the persistence of the treatment). Simulations showed that mechanical cleaning and sanitary clearance alone could not eradicate the model D. gallinae population, although these methods did delay population establishment. In contrast, the complete eradication of the model D. gallinae population was achieved by several successive acaricide treatments in close succession, even when a relatively low treatment level was used. 相似文献
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Thi Thanh Huong CHU Takako MURANO Yukiko UNO Tatsufumi USUI Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1397-1403
Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is an obligatory
blood-sucking ectoparasite. The genetic diversity of D. gallinae has been
examined in some countries, but so far not in Asian countries. Here, we sequenced a part
of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and16S rRNA genes and nuclear
internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region in 239 mite samples collected from 40
prefectures throughout Japan. The COI and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences were classified
into 28 and 26 haplotypes, respectively. In phylogenetic trees, the haplotypes clustered
into 2 haplogroups corresponding to haplogroups A and B, which were previously reported.
Haplogroups A and B were further subdivided into sub-haplogroups AJ1 and AJ2, and BJ1 and
BJ2, respectively. In both trees, the sequences of haplotypes in AJ1 and BJ2 were
relatively distant from those reported in other countries, while some sequences in AJ2 and
BJ1 were identical to those in Europe. In addition, the ITS sequences were classified into
two sequences, and both sequences were closely related to the sequences found in European
countries. These findings indicate a possibility of international oversea transmission of
D. gallinae. 相似文献
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The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) is a serious ectoparasitic pest of layer hens that can survive for long periods in the poultry house sub-structure without taking a blood meal from its host. The research undertaken in this study found that 'time since last blood meal' had a notable effect on how toxic a selection of plant essential oils were to D. gallinae under laboratory conditions. In general, the essential oils had a greater toxic effect on D. gallinae if mites had been starved of a blood meal for around 3 weeks, than if they had been more recently fed 3-13 days prior to tests. This result was consistent across the four essential oils used (thyme, palmarosa, caraway and juniper leaf). This suggests that plant essential oils may be of use in management schemes for D. gallinae, particularly if used to sanitise houses between flocks, when mites will have been starved. 相似文献
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Correlation between the proportion of stained eggs and the number of mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) monitored using a ‘non‐parallel board trap’ 下载免费PDF全文
Makiko Odaka Kazumasa Ogino Michitaka Shikada Kenichi Asada Syoujirou Kasa Takahiro Inoue Ken Maeda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2077-2083
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is a serious problem for the poultry industry worldwide. However, the relationship between the mite population and the damage that they cause is still unclear. In this study, the mite population in poultry houses was examined using an established trap method, and the risk of blood‐stained eggs caused by the mites was assessed. Traps were placed once a week outside the egg channels and/or on the floor in two poultry farms in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from April 2012 to July 2014. The numbers of blood‐stained eggs and total eggs were counted at weekly intervals. The results showed that the number of mites increased from April to May, and reached a peak around the beginning of June when the average temperature and humidity were >24°C and 70–90%, respectively. In the segmented model, the correlation between the proportion of blood‐stained eggs and the number of mites or temperature was positive over a threshold. In conclusion, our established trap method is useful for monitoring mites and can be used to predict when poultry farms should be treated to prevent appearance of blood‐stained eggs. 相似文献
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Borges FP Gottardi B Stuepp C Larré AB Tasca T De Carli GA Bonan CD 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(2):106-111
This study describes the enzymatic properties of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase in Trichomonas gallinae. The enzyme hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates at pH 7.2 and is activated by divalent cations, such as magnesium. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was insensitive to levamisole, tetramisole (alkaline phosphatase inhibitors), and AMPCP (adenosine 5'-[alpha,beta-methylene]diphosphate), an ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, whereas 0.1mM ammonium molybdate (considered a potent inhibitor of 5'-nucleotidase activity) completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The apparent K(M) (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity) values for Mg2+-AMP were 466+/-57 microM and 3.7+/-0.59 nmolPi/min/10(6) trichomonads, respectively. Considering that trichomonads lack the ability to synthesize purines and pyrimidines de novo, the presence of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase in intact trophozoites of T. gallinae could be important in regulating the extracellular nucleotide levels and generating adenosine, essential for the survival strategies of the parasite. 相似文献
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Irfan Ahmad MIR Bablu KUMAR Anil TAKU Farah FARIDI Mohd. Altaf BHAT Naseer Ahmad BABA Tahir MAQBOOL 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):53-55
Present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-haemolytic streptococci in
equine of northern temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred and forty one
samples were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of diseased (53) and
apparently healthy equine (88) for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 77 isolates of
streptococci were recovered from 141 samples with an overall prevalence rate of 54.60%.
Out of these 77 isolates, 52 were from diseased and 25 from apparently healthy animals. Of
the 77 isolates, 4 were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp.
equi, 56 as S. equi subsp.
zooepidemicus and 17 as S. dysgalactiae subsp.
equisimilis. Thus the overall prevalence of S. equi subsp.
equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus
and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis was 2.83, 39.71
and 12.05% respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR for the detection of S.
equi species was found higher when attempted from direct swab samples. 相似文献
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Tomoaki Tochitani Izumi Matsumoto Kohei Hoshino Kaoru Toyosawa Mami Kouchi Takatoshi Koujitani Juki Kimura Hitoshi Funabashi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):187-191
The common marmoset (Callithrix
jacchus) is now widely used in various
research fields, including toxicology. However,
information about the background pathology of this
species is scarce. Here, we report a case of
rhabdomyosarcoma that spontaneously occurred in a
common marmoset. A 44-month-old male common
marmoset was euthanized due to bilateral hind limb
paralysis. At necropsy, a 2×2×5-cm intramuscular
mass was observed in the lower right back.
Histologically, the mass was mainly composed of
interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped tumor cells.
Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were
positive for myogenin, desmin, vimentin and
alpha-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the
tumor cells contained bundles of myofilaments with
Z-band-like structures. Thus, the tumor was
diagnosed as a rhabdomyosarcoma. To our knowledge,
this is the first report of spontaneous
rhabdomyosarcoma that was definitely diagnosed in
the common marmoset. 相似文献
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Kartika DEWI Hideo HASEGAWA Yuli Sulistya FITRIANA Mitsuhiko ASAKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1217-1222
The present report describes Syphacia
(Syphacia) maxomyos sp. n. (Nematoda:
Oxyuridae) from two species of spiny rats, Maxomys musschenbroekii from
Sulawesi and M. whiteheadi from Sumatra. It is characterized by a
cephalic plate extending laterally with dorsoventral constriction and stumpy eggs with an
operculum rim reaching pole. It is readily distinguishable by the former feature from all
of hitherto known representatives of this genus in Indonesia, but it resembles parasites
in Murini and Hydromyni rodents in continental Asia and Sahul. This is the first
Syphacia species distributed in both the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with
the exception of Syphacia muris, a cosmopolitan pinworm found in rodents
of the of genus Rattus. It is surmised that S. maxomyos
is specific to Maxomys and that it was introduced to Sulawesi by
dispersal of some Maxomys from the Sunda Shelf. 相似文献
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