Ge－132对母子代鸡体抗氧化系统功能的影响I．Ge－132对种鸡抗氧化系统功能的影响

３５周龄海兰种蛋鸡１５０只，随机分成５组，每组３０只，第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组于基础日粮中分别添加β－羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）５０、１００、１５０、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，第Ⅴ组作为对照组，只喂基础日粮。持续饲喂２５ｄ。于试验前及试验后第５、１０、１５、２０日分别测定血锗含量、血清ＳＯＤ活性、全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性以及血清ＬＰＯ含量。试验结果：（１）第Ⅰ～Ⅳ组鸡血锗含量比对照组（Ⅴ）显著增多（Ｐ＜０．０１），而第Ⅰ～Ⅳ组间未见明显规律性剂量依赖关系；（２）第Ⅰ～Ⅳ组鸡血清ＳＯＤ活性和全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性比对照组（Ⅴ）明显增强，而血清ＬＰＯ含量却显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）血锗含量与血清ＳＯＤ和全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６３和０．５２９），而与血清ＬＰＯ含量呈强负相关（ｒ＝－０．７５１）。试验结果表明，Ｇｅ－１３２能明显地增强鸡体抗氧化系统功能。     

VE在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用

为探讨ＶＥ在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用及添加ＶＥ对自由基代谢的影响,本试验采用低硒（低于１０－９）、补ＶＥ（１０－４）日粮饲喂小鼠,并对动物增重,血液、肝组织内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及自由基（ＦＲｓ）水平进行了系统检测。试验发现,添加ＶＥ除可阻止缺硒所致的动物生长迟缓外,还可明显降低相关组织内ＭＤＡ的含量,但它并不直接影响Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力。试验结果表明,ＶＥ主要通过对机体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用及其对自由基所致膜结构损伤的修复而参与机体自由基代谢,在硒缺乏状态下,它能与硒协同作用而影响病程发展和疾病转归。     

0～4周龄肉仔鸡不同锰源锰需要量的研究

试验将３６０只１日龄ＡＡ（ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｒｅ）肉鸡公雏随机分为添加锰０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,硫酸锰（ＭｎＳＯ４．Ｈ２Ｏ,下同）６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和蛋氨酸锰（Ｍｅｔ－Ｍｎ,下同）４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,６个组,６个组基础日粮组成及日粮营养水平相同。试验期为４周。结果表明,所有添加锰组体增重均均显著高于不加锰组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,添加锰６０ｍｇ／ｋｇＭｅｔ－Ｍｎ体增重显著高     

山羊内毒素休克诱发脂质过氧化作用及山莨菪碱对其影响的研究

本文将３０头杂交山羊分成３组,第１组（ｎ＝６）为对照组,第２组（ｎ＝１２）静注大肠杆菌内毒素复制休克模型,第３组（ｎ＝１２）在第２组基础上提前１０ｍｉｎ静注山莨菪碱性注射液,检测１２ｈ内不同时间血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,总ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ和血液ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,结果表明,第２组血清ＭＤＡ含量明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＧＳ     

锗─132对鸡马立克氏病肿瘤病变的抑制效果及其作用机理的研究Ⅰ．锗─132对健康及人工感染MDV雏鸡抗氧化功能的影响

选用１日龄肉用雏鸡３００只，随机分为４组：Ｉ组为健康对照；Ⅱ、Ⅲ组喂１００ｐｐｍ锗─１３２（Ｇｅ－１３２）；Ⅲ、Ⅳ组人工感染马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）。经６０ｄ临床观察并每隔１０ｄ用电子自旋共振波谱（ＥＳＲ）法测定胸腺、法氏囊及脾组织中自由基含量，同时检测全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、血清ＳＯＤ活性及血清丙二醛含量。结果，健康雏鸡全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性均值为７．９３８７±１．２３７８Ｕ／ｍＬ血清ＳＯＤ活性为８０．４６４３±１．０９８７ｎＵ／ｍＬ血清丙二醛含量为２．９９７８±０１７６０ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ；健康雏鸡胸腺、法氏囊及脾组织中自由基平均含量分别为：０．２７±０．０４、０．３４±０．０８、０．２８±０．０６相对浓度（×１０１０ｓｐｉｎｓ／ｇ湿重）。通过与健康对照组比较，人工感染ＭＤＶ雏鸡全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ和血清ＳＯＤ活性明显降低，而上述各组织中自由基和血清丙二醛含量则显著增多。Ⅲ、Ⅳ两组对比结果表明：Ⅲ组的全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ和血清ＳＯＤ活性高于Ⅳ组，组织中自由基和血清丙二醛含量却低于Ⅳ组，从而证实Ｇｅ－１３２能增强人工感染ＭＤＶ雏鸡的抗氧化功能。     

超排山羊卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的研究

以ＴＣＭ１９９＋１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨＥＰＥＳ＋青霉素（６ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋链霉素（５ｍｇ／Ｌ）为基础培养液（ＢＭ），再分别加入不同成分，配成５种卵母细胞成熟液：（Ａ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ；（Ｂ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ（２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）；（Ｃ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）；（Ｄ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＦＣＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２；（Ｅ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２＋颗粒细胞（１．５×１０６～３．０×１０６个／ｍＬ）。在３８．５℃、５％ＣＯ２下培养２６ｈ，排卵后第１天卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟率分别为６７．６７％（２０／３０），６０．４２％（２９／４８），８３．６７％（４１／４９）和８０．８２％（５９／７３），排卵后第５天卵巢卵母细胞，在培液Ｄ中体外成熟率为７１．４３％（４５／６３）。排卵后第１天的９８枚卵巢卵母细胞，体外成熟体外受精卵裂率为２１．４３％，２１枚２细胞胚移植５头受体获２头羔羊。研究表明，超排山羊卵巢卵母细胞经体外成熟可获得大量廉价的成熟卵母细胞，并可通过体外受精获得试管山羊     

敌菌磺及其临床药效的

以磺胺二甲嘧啶（ＳＭ２）加入助剂Ａ、Ｂ制成的敌菌磺（ＤＪＨ）制剂,对其敏感菌（禽巴氏杆菌）和球虫（鸡球虫）引起的感染性疾病 儿且价廉,本文通过鸡内服的血药动态分析说明,敌菌磺片（５０ｍｇ／片）按４片／ｋｇ（相当于ＳＭ２０．２ｇ／ｋｇ体重）口服用单剂量,可维持（５ｍｇ％以上）有效血液浓度２４ｈ;敌菌磺－２５预混剂按８ｇ／ｋｇ饲料（相当于ＳＭ２０．２％饲料浓度）饲喂,经８．１８ｈ以到有效血药浓度（５ｍｇ％以上）,敌菌磺制剂的上述剂量对鸡的禽巴氏杆菌和鸡球虫病有理想的疗效。     

母乳途径间接补硒的可行性及增强仔猪免疫机能的初步探讨

以某正常生产的集约化猪场为试验场所,在满足生长需要的全价配合饲粮（含硒量０．３１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）基础上,给哺乳母猪饲粮添加不同剂量的无结晶水亚硒酸钠（０．７５,１．０,１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,检测断奶仔猪的血硒含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性等生化指标并综合分析,结果仔猪血硒含量与哺乳母猪饲粮亚硒酸钠的添加量相对应,试验２组（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ组）仔猪的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性、红细胞、嗜中性白细胞、单核细胞和Ｔ淋巴细胞含量均显著增加,说明母乳途径间接补硒能提高仔猪的生理免疫机能。     

G—132对人工感染vMDV雏鸡抗氧化系统功能的影响

在父母代种鸡饲料中添加一定剂量Ｇ－１３２，获取种蛋并进一步孵化出富锗雏鸡，取１７０只随机分成４组，即Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组各４５只；另取普通雏鸡１８０只随机分成２组，即第Ⅰ、Ⅱ组各７５只。雏鸡在１日龄时第Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组腹腔注射北京－１株鸡马立克氏病病毒强毒株（ｖＭＤＶ），第Ⅳ、Ⅵ组每公斤饲料中加入１００ｍｇＧｅ１３２，其他组不另行处理并在相同标准条件下饲养管理。于第１、１５、３０、４５、６０日龄采取血液检测超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性和谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量。结果显示：（１）富锗雏鸡在１５日龄内，体内抗氧化功能明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）人工感染ｖＭＤＶ雏鸡抗氧化功能显著降低，而富锗雏鸡各项抗氧化指标的变化均比普通雏鸡相对平缓；（３）富锗并补锗雏鸡抗氧化功能明显而持续加强。试验表明，富锗雏鸡人工感染ｖＭＤＶ同时继续添加饲喂适量的Ｇｅ－１３２，抗氧化系统功能明显而持续地增强，对抑制鸡马立克氏病及其肿瘤病变的发生有重要作用     

含Ge^132促长素对乳牛生产和繁殖性能的影响

１９９８年１０月至１９９９年３月,在宁夏吴忠宁兰奶牛繁殖场,对试验组（ｎ＝１５）乳牛按每１００ｋｇ混合精料添加含Ｇｅ＾１３２促长素１．５ｋｇ,对照组（ｎ＝１５）添加畜禽用微量元素添加剂,共饲喂１８２ｄ。试验组与对照组相比,每头乳牛多产奶２５．５ｋｇ,可提高血清ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ的活性,降低血清ＭＤＡ的含量,提高全血Ｇｅ＾１３２、Ｓｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的含量,提高乳牛越冬抗春乏的能力及繁殖性能     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein