维生素A对鸡慢性呼吸道病脂质过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响

目的:研究维生素A对人工感染鸡毒支原体病脂质过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响,探讨维生素A辅助治疗鸡慢性呼吸道病的作用机制,并提出合理治疗剂量。方法:采用人工感染诱发鸡慢性呼吸道病建立病理模型,在对因治疗选择泰乐菌素的基础上,联合运用不同剂量的维生素A作为辅助治疗,观察支气管、肺组织病理变化,检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量指标。结果:药物治疗鸡慢性呼吸道病后,各治疗组气管、肺组织损伤都有不同程度减轻,以维生素A中、高剂量组改善最为明显;各治疗组SOD值、MDA值不同程度恢复,以维生素A中剂量组最为显著,与健康对照组比较差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:维生素A可以通过抑制机体脂质过氧化反应,提高机体清除自由基能力的作用,保护呼吸系统免受过氧化物的损伤,加速肺受损组织修复,对鸡慢性呼吸道病起到良好的辅助治疗效果,以剂量为1 200 IU/kg饲料效果最佳。     

富硒麦芽对实验性肝癌大鼠NO、NOS和脂质过氧化的影响

50只清洁级sD大鼠随机分为4组：对照组（5只）、模型组（15只）、富硒麦芽组（15只）和亚硒酸钠组（15只）。对照组和模型组饲喂大鼠基础饲料，饲料含硒量为0．1mg／kg；富硒麦芽组和亚硒酸钠组分别在基础饲料中补充富硒麦芽和亚硒酸钠，饲料含硒量为3．0mg／kg。除对照组外，其余3组采用0．01％二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）诱发大鼠肝癌16周，停止诱癌后继续饲养2周再处死全部大鼠，观察富硒麦芽对丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆红素（TBIL）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）的影响。结果显示，富硒麦芽组大鼠血浆ALT、ALP、TBII—NO、MDA和肝组织NO、NOs、MDA显著低于模型组，全血和肝组织GSH—Px活性显著高于模型组；与亚硒酸钠组相比，富硒麦芽组大鼠血浆和肝组织的NO含量和NOS活性显著降低。试验表明富硒麦芽具有减轻肝脏损伤、延缓大鼠肝癌形成的能力，其作用机制之一可能为富硒麦芽能抑制NO的产生，清除体内大量过剩的氧自由基。减轻NO等自由基所致的脂质过氧化损伤。     

鸡马杜霉素急性中毒及其脂质过氧化关系的研究

本文在实验条件下人工诱发鸡马杜霉素急性中毒，观察中毒症状及病理变化，测定受损靶器官的脂质过氧化物的含量及相关酶的活性，以及肝细胞色素Ｐ－４５０的含量。实验结果表明：鸡马杜霉素急性中毒的主要临床症状是腹泻、腿无力或麻痹；肉眼病变是全身性充血、淤血及少数组织出血；显微镜检病变是肝脏、心肌及腿肌出血与变性；肝脏的脂质过氧化物的含量及过氧化氢酶的活性显著增加；肝Ｐ－４５０的含量显著增加；但是心肌与腿肌的脂     

铝对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞一氧化氮代谢和脂质过氧化的影响

本研究分别将0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/mL的AlCl3添加到培养液中,对鸡脾淋巴细胞原代培养24 h,通过检测淋巴细胞内一氧化氮(NO)含量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探究铝对鸡脾淋巴细胞毒性作用机理。结果表明,随着铝浓度的增加,NOS活性增强,NO和MDA含量增加,SOD和GSH-Px活性下降,与对照组相比,组间差异显著(P0.05;P0.01),说明铝可致雏鸡淋巴细胞抗氧化防御功能下降。     

硒对镉诱导的小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化作用的影响

通过单独和联合在腹腔内注射ＣｄＣｌ２（３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）和Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ４（２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）的方法硒对镉诱导的小鼠肝脂质过氧的保护效应。结果表明，单独镉处理小鼠在整个实验期间肝丙二醛含量明显升 高，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著下降；硒镉联合处理未引起ＬＰＯ的明显增强，抗氧化酶特别是ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ在不同程度上受到有效地保护。因而认为，镉诱导的ＬＰＯ与抗氧化酶的抑制密切相关。硒     

维生素E富硒舔砖对泌乳期奶牛生产性能及乳房炎的影响

本试验研究了V_E富硒舔砖对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及乳房炎发生的影响。选择胎次、泌乳阶段、产奶量相似的奶牛100头,随机分成试验组和对照组。在保持原有饲养管理和日粮水平不变的情况下,试验组自由舔饲舔砖,试验期90d。结果表明:试验组产奶量提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);乳脂率、乳蛋白率没有显著变化;牛奶中V_E的含量(P<0.05)和硒的含量增加;血液中V_E(P<0.01)和Se的含量(P<0.051)增加,乳中体细胞数(P<0.05)和乳房炎发病率(P<0.05)降低。     

不饱和脂肪酸对黄鳝脂质过氧化的影响

本试验旨在通过对血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性、过氧化氧酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定,评价不饱和脂肪酸不同添加比例对黄鳝脂质过氧化状态的影响.试验日粮按L9(33)正交设计在不含不饱和脂肪酸的基础日粮中添加红花籽油(C18:2n-6来源)、亚麻籽油(C18:3n-3来源)和EPA/DHA混合油脂(C20:5n-3+C22:6n-3来源).选用平均体长(34.5±2.4)cm、平均体重(37.8±3.5)g的黄鳝1 000尾,随机分为对照组和9个试验组,每组2个重复,每个重复50尾.对照组投喂基础口粮,试验组分别投喂1种试验口粮,试验期31 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,各试验组血清中SOD活性差异不显著(P>0.05).各试验组血清中CAT活力均有不同程度降低,但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).各试验组血清MDA含量均有不同程度降低,且1组、3组、4组、5组、6组、7组和8组显著低于对照组(P<0.05).综合生长试验可知,在保持较高生长性能的同时,当日粮中不饱和脂肪酸C18:2n-6、C18:3n-3和C20:5n-3+C22:6n-3含量分别为1.30%、1.55%和0.25%时,黄鳝体内自由基的代谢及脂质过氧化处于最佳平衡状态.     

鸡硒-维生素E缺乏症的诊治

鸡硒-维生素E缺乏症是鸡在生长过程中,因饲料中缺乏硒和维生素E而引起的一种营养代谢疾病。该疾病容易引起鸡营养性肌营养不良、渗出性素质和胰腺变性等症状。因此,养殖户们要加强该病的防治措施。     

硒,维生素E及抗氧化剂对鸡皮着色效果的影响

硒、维生素Ｅ及抗氧化剂对鸡皮着色效果的影响吴觉文，江哲敏，陈耀堂，钟逸兰近年来，鸡皮肤的着色问题越来越受到人们的重视，许多饲料生产厂家也一直受这个问题的困扰。目前饲料厂普遍使用的着色剂是罗氏公司的加丽素红和加丽素黄，但由于鸡的着色效果受从多因素的影响...     

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation as Indices of Selenium and Vitamin E Status in Young Pigs

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 pigs from sows fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E. From 3 to 12 weeks of age the piglets were kept in single pens and fed a basic diet consisting mostly of barley, dried skim milk, soybean meal and dried yeast, and containing 55 µg selenium and 3 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors — i.e. feed supplements — were 2 levels of Se (nil, 60 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (nil, 50 mg/kg), and 2 levels of the feed antioxidant ethoxyquin (nil, 150 mg/kg). Blood samples, collected at termination of the experiment, were examined for glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) to evaluate Se and vitamin E status, respectively. Analysis of variance showed the GSH-Px activity to be litter-dependent (P < 0.001) and influenced by selenium supplementation (P < 0.001) but not by the other supplements or by interactions between supplements. Resistance against ELP was influenced only by vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and ELP thus seem to be valuable and simple methods for evaluating, respectively, Se status and vitamin E status in growing pigs.     

日粮中添加Se和VE对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为探索不同剂量的Ｓｅ和ＶＥ对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响，我们选用３２周龄罗曼蛋鸡７２只，随机分成６组。在基础日粮含Ｓｅ０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ基础上，添加Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３－ＶＥ粉，各组Ｓｅ的添加水平分别是每公斤日粮０、０．５、１．０、１．５、２．０、３．０ｍｇ，ＶＥ添加水平分别是０、４１．６６、８３．３２、１２４．９８、１６６．６４、２４９．９６ＩＵ。实验期８周。结果表明，添加１ｍｇ／ｋｇＳｅ、８３．３２ＩＵＶＥ组鸡产蛋率显著高于其他各组；各组鸡蛋重随Ｓｅ水平的提高有下降趋势，但差异不显著；蛋品质各组差异不显著。     

日粮添加酵母硒及维生素E对苏禽3号肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究酵母硒及维生素E单独或者联合添加对苏禽3号肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化能力及基因表达的影响.试验选择体重相近的苏禽3号肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组60只.分别为对照组、350 μg/kg酵母硒添加组(试验1组)、50 mg/kg维生素E添加组(试验2组)、350 pg/kg酵母硒+50 mg/kg维生...     

在母鹿饲粮中添加维生素E粉、不同硒添加剂对母、仔鹿的影响

本试验选择经产的梅花母鹿240头,随机分成4组,在基础饲粮中分别添加①维生素E粉加无结晶水亚硒酸钠,②维生素E粉加黄芪粉,③维生素E粉加大蒜泥,④空白对照组4处理.试验结果表明,母鹿经药物处理后,情期受胎率较对照组显著提高(P<0.01),但其中①组效果最好.①、②、③组仔鹿出生率和成活率显著提高(P<0.01),而母、子鹿患缺硒病率较对照组明显著降低(P<0.01),分别降低6.67%、11.11%.①、②、③组仔鹿患其他疾病率较对照组也显著降低(P<0.01).     

VE在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用

为探讨ＶＥ在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用及添加ＶＥ对自由基代谢的影响,本试验采用低硒（低于１０－９）、补ＶＥ（１０－４）日粮饲喂小鼠,并对动物增重,血液、肝组织内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及自由基（ＦＲｓ）水平进行了系统检测。试验发现,添加ＶＥ除可阻止缺硒所致的动物生长迟缓外,还可明显降低相关组织内ＭＤＡ的含量,但它并不直接影响Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力。试验结果表明,ＶＥ主要通过对机体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用及其对自由基所致膜结构损伤的修复而参与机体自由基代谢,在硒缺乏状态下,它能与硒协同作用而影响病程发展和疾病转归。     

Effect of Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Meat Quality Trait,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Indexes of Broiler

The experiment was aimed to study the effect of organic selenium and vitamin E (VE) on meat quality trait,blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant indexes of broiler chicken. 280 1-day-old AA broiler chicken were chosen and assigned to 7 groups with 40 broiler chicken per group. Group 1 was control group that did not adding organic selenium and VE,groups 2-7 were added with 100 IU/kg VE,0.15 mg/kg organic selenium and 100 IU/kg VE,0.30 mg/kg organic selenium and 100 IU/kg VE,200 IU/kg VE,0.15 mg/kg organic selenium and 200 IU/kg VE,0.30 mg/kg organic selenium and 200 IU/kg VE,respectively. The results showed that the organic selenium and VE had significant effects on eviscerated rate,slaughter rate and chest muscle rate (P< 0.05),while no significant effect was found on semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate(P> 0.05). Adding 0.15 mg/kg organic selenium and 100 IU/kg VE could reduce drip loss,cooking loss,L^* and pH,and there were extremely significant difference or significant difference of cooking loss and L^* compared with control group (P< 0.01;P< 0.05),while this made little effect on a^*,b^* and shear force (P> 0.05). It could significantly or extremely significantly reduce the CHO and MAD contents (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),increase the content of GLU,T-AOC and GSH-Px,and there were extremely significant or significant differences of GLU and GSH-Px compared with control group (P< 0.01;P< 0.05).But there was no significant difference of HDL-C,LDL-C,CAT and SOD contents among all groups (P> 0.05).     

有机硒与维生素E对肉仔鸡肉质性状、血液生化指标及抗氧化指标的影响

试验在肉鸡日粮中添加维生素E（VE）、有机硒,旨在探讨有机硒与VE对肉仔鸡肉质性状、血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响。将280只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为7组,每组40只,1组不添加有机硒和VE,2组添加100 IU/kg VE,3组添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒和100 IU/kg VE,4组添加0.30 mg/kg有机硒和100 IU/kg VE,5组添加200 IU/kg VE,6组添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒和200 IU/kg VE,7组添加0.30 mg/kg有机硒和200 IU/kg VE。结果显示,添加有机硒与VE对肉仔鸡的全净膛率、屠宰率、胸肌率影响显著（P< 0.05）,对半净膛率、腿肌率无显著影响（P> 0.05）;添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒、100 IU/kg VE可以降低肉仔鸡的滴水损失、蒸煮损失、L^*值及pH,其中蒸煮损失、L^*值与对照组间差异极显著或显著（P< 0.01;P< 0.05）,但对剪切力、a^*、b^*值却无显著影响（P> 0.05）;能够显著或极显著降低血液胆固醇（CHO）及丙二醛（MDA）含量（P< 0.05;P< 0.01）,提高血糖（GLU）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量,其中GLU与对照组间差异显著（P< 0.05）,GSH-Px与对照组间差异极显著（P< 0.01）,但对过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量无显著差异（P> 0.05）。     

维生素E和硒对奶牛乳房炎的作用

维生素E和微量元素硒是重要的抗氧化物质,在保护机体方面有着不可替代的作用。越来越多的研究表明,奶牛乳房炎的发生与机体维生素E和硒（Se）的缺乏有关。本文综述了维生素E和Se在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率中的作用。     

Effect of Dietary Fat Quality and Vitamin E on the Antioxidant Potential of Pigs

A randomized blocked factorial experiment was conducted with 90 young pigs. From 4 to 11 weeks of age the pigs were kept in individual pens and fed a selenium supplemented basal diet consisting mostly of propionic acid treated barley, soybean meal and dried skim milk, and containing < 0.5 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors during this period were 3 dietary levels of added vitamin E (nil, 10 and 30 mg/kg) and a 6 % supplement of fresh or oxidized fat (2/3 lard and 1/3 herring oil). From 11 weeks of age until slaughter at 90 kg the pigs received the vitamin E supplements but no fat or dried skim milk. The basal diet for this later experimental period was based on untreated dry barley. Blood samples collected during the period of investigation were examined for vitamin E and for resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) in order to evaluate the antioxidant status.Analysis of variance and Student’s t-test on least squares means showed the ELP to be influenced independently by the vitamin E supplement and, during the fat feeding period, by the quality of the fat supplement, with the highest peroxidation resistance (low ELP) in the groups fed fresh fat and a high level of vitamin E. Blood vitamin E level was only influenced — positively — by the vitamin E supplement although variations in the feed vitamin E level below 10–15 mg vitamin E per kg did not result in corresponding variations in measurable blood vitamin E concentrations. In the same low range of vitamin E in the feed there was a statistically significant difference in ELP values between the different vitamin E treatment groups. No clinical manifestations of selenium-vitamin E deficiency were observed in the pigs.The ELP and the plasma vitamin E levels observed would seem to suggest that a total of 15 mg vitamin E per kg barley-based feed will not always be sufficient for growing pigs.     

Clinico-Pathologic Findings in Young Pigs Fed Different Levels of Selenium,Vitamin E and Antioxidant

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 young pigs. The treatment factors were: 2 levels of selenium (55 and 115 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (3 and 53 mg/kg) and 2 levels of the antioxidant feed additive Ethoxyquin (0 and 150 mg/kg). All pigs were kept in single pens and fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 9 weeks, i.e. from 3 to 12 weeks of age.Plasma, heart, liver and muscle Se levels as well as whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.9 GSH-Px) were significantly higher in pigs given a dietary supplement of Se than in pigs given no supplement of Se (P ≤ 0.001). The Se-supplemented pigs showed a tendency to lower mean serum transaminase activity (ASAT and ALAT) than unsupplemented pigs, but the influence was significant (P ≤ 0.05) only for the ALAT activity.Blood vit. E levels were higher for pigs receiving a supplement of vit. E than for unsupplemented pigs (P ≤ 0.001), and so was the resistance of red blood cells against lipid peroxidation (ELP), as expressed by lower ELP values.There were no effects of Ethoxyquin supplementation on the biochemical variables included in the study.The histological examination of heart muscle showed that the score for changes was negatively influenced by both Se and vit. E supplement (P ≤ 0.001) and to some extent also by Ethoxyquin supplement (P ≤ 0.05). The histological picture of m. long dorsi was influenced only by the vit. E supplement (P ≤ 0.01). No histological changes were found in the liver in this study. There were inverse relationships between whole blood GSH-Px defluorescence time and blood Se, and between ELP and whole blood vit. E (P ≤ 0.001).