大鼠应激性损伤的生化指标变化及防治研究

采用束缚浸水法建立大鼠应激性损伤模型，以探讨在应激状态下血浆中ＡＳＴ、ＡＬＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＢＵＮ、ＣＲＥＡ的水平变化及应激宁的防治效应。结果表明，应激组的ＡＳＴ、ＡＬＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＢＵＮ、ＣＲＥＡ水平均明显高于对照组和应激宁组（Ｐ〈０．０１或Ｐ〈０．０５）。而且应激宁对其升高具有抑制作用，提示应激宁对应激性损伤具有防治效应。     

SPF鸡人工感染鸡败血霉形体后血液生物化学变化

用鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染１５日龄ＳＰＦ鸡,在感染后１５ｄ采血作血液生物化学检验。结果：ＴＢｉｌ、ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、ＡＬＰ、ＬＤｈ、ＣＯ２－ＣＰ、ＣＲＥ、ＢｕＮ、ＣＲＥ－Ｕ、无机磷、Ｍｇ＾２＋明显升高,而ＴＰ、ＡＬＢ、Ａ／Ｇ、Ｃｈｏ、Ｇｌｕ、Ｃａ＾２＋等明显下降,ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ下降,ＷＢＣ上升,其中ＬＣ和嗜酸性白细胞明显上升。说明ＭＧ不仅造成呼吸系统障碍,也对肝功能和功能产生较大影     

青海细毛羊生化遗传多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和火焰光度法对５０９只青海细毛羊细血液和乳汁中ＨＢ，ＥＰ－１，ＥＰ－２，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｈｐα－ＬＡ和β－ＬＧ总共１３个位点的多态性进行了研究。结果为：（１）在青海细毛羊的ＨＢ，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１，Ｈｐ，β－ＬＧ总共９个位点上发现多态性，多态性位点的比例为６９．２３％；（２）每个位点实有的平均等位     

荒漠猫血液蛋白质和酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５只荒漠猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓｂｉｅｔｉ）血液中的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），运铁蛋白（ＴＦ），亲血色蛋白（Ｈｐ）以及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ），淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ），酯酶（ＥＳ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，被检荒漠猫的ＴＦ，Ｈｐ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｓ－ＥＳ和Ｓ－ＡＬＰ共５个基因座存在多态性，ＨＢ，ＲＢＣ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＬＤＨ，ＲＢＣ－ＥＳ和ＲＢＣ－ＡＬＰ共６个基因座为单态，表明荒漠猫的血液蛋白质和酶具有颇大的遗传变异性     

京白蛋鸡耐热力评定指标的研究

本试验研究了高温对鸡血清血糖（ＧＬＵ）、胆固醇（ＣＨＯＬ）、总蛋白（ＴＰ）、清蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、球蛋白（ＧＬＯＢ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）,谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）,肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、和血浆三磺甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）等１１项血液生理生化指标的影响,分析了耐热力（ＨＳＳＴ）与耐热指数（ＩＨＴ）及１１项血液生理生化指标的相关,探讨了以上指标作为耐热指标的可能性,结     

仔猪断奶应激对血液和生化的影响

随机选取 １０ 头健康的４２～４５ 天断奶长白仔猪,分别于断奶时、断奶后７ 天、１４ 天上午采血,检验血液学、血清生化等多项指标,结果如下：仔猪血清 Ａ Ｓ Ｔ、 Ｃ Ｋ、 Ｌ Ｄ Ｈ 活性在断奶后 ７ 天时都升高,其中 Ａ Ｓ Ｔ、 Ｌ Ｄ Ｈ活性与断奶时相比差异极显著（ Ｐ＜ ００１）;血清 Ａ Ｍ Ｙ Ｌ 活性,断奶后均比断奶时高,但无统计学上差异（ Ｐ＞００５）;血清 Ｔ Ｐ、 Ｇ Ｌ Ｏ Ｂ、 Ａ Ｌ Ｂ、 Ｂ Ｕ Ｎ、 Ｃ Ｈ Ｏ Ｌ 含量在断奶后极显著或显著降低（ Ｐ＜ ００１ 或 Ｐ＜ ００５）; Ｇ Ｌ Ｕ、 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ａ、 Ｔ Ｃ Ｏ２ 含量降低,但无统计学上差异（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。血液 Ｒ Ｂ Ｃ、 Ｈ Ｇ Ｂ、 Ｈ Ｃ Ｔ、 Ｍ Ｃ Ｖ 断奶后极显著降低（ Ｐ＜００１）, Ｍ Ｃ Ｈ Ｃ 断奶后极显著升高（ Ｐ＜ ００１）; Ｗ Ｂ Ｃ、 Ｐ Ｌ Ｔ 等断奶后虽有变化,但均无统计学上差异（ Ｐ＞００５）。结果表明,仔猪在断奶后一段时间,处于营养缺乏性单纯小红细胞性贫血状态。     

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＥＴＡＩＮＧＦＯＲＳＯＭＥＰＡＲＴＯＦＭＥＴＨＩＯＮＩＮＧＯＮＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＡＮＤＣＡＲＣＡＳＳＱＵＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＢＲＯＩＬＥＲＳＤｅｎｇＹ...     

SV40增强子在bGH转基因鼠体内对真核基因转录效率的影响

把ＳＶ４０的增强子序列以紧邻（ｐＳＶＣＡＴＬＢＧＨ）和相距２．３ｋｂ的距离克隆到小鼠金属巯基组氨酸三甲内盐基因（ＭＴ－Ｉ）启动子的上游，用以研究了在体内（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）环境下原核基因的增强于对真核基因转录调控的影响，以及增强子与启动子的距离对增强于增强转录效率的影响。在建立了ｐＳＶＣＡＴＬＢＧＨ和ｐＳＶ２ＬＢＧＨ两种转基因结构的不同种系的转基因鼠后，通过分析ＩＣＲ、ＫＢ（昆明白）和Ｃ５７ＢＬ３种种系的ｐＳＶＣＡＴＬＢＧＨ转基因鼠的６种主要器官中的ＣＡＴ活性，证明ＳＶ４０增强子可以增强真核基因──ＣＡＴ基因的转录效率而无种属及组织特异性；通过比较ＩＣＲ和昆明白（ＫＢ）两种种系的ｐＳＶＣＡＴＬＢＧＨ和ｐＳＶ２ＬＢＧＨ转基因鼠的心脏和肝脏中ｂＧＨｍＲＮＡ水平，证明在转基因鼠体内，在２．３ｋｂ距离内，ＳＶ４０增强子对由ＭＴ－Ｉ启动子启动的真核基因──ｂＧＨ基因的转录效率的增强效果无明显差异。     

表达大肠杆菌肠毒素ST1-LTB融合蛋白双价基因工程菌株的构建

重组菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）（ｐＸＥＴＳＬＴ１）经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后,其表达产物经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＥＬＩＳＡ检测,结果表明重组菌株可以高效表达大肠杆菌肠毒素ＳＴ１－ＬＴＢ 融合蛋白,该融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的３３．２１％ ,而且已失去天然ＳＴ１肠毒素生物毒性。用从ＩＰＴＧ 诱导的工程菌中提取的包涵体或经甲醛灭活的工程菌制成抗原免疫小鼠,结果免疫小鼠至少能抵抗１．５ＭＬＤ 的大肠杆菌强毒株Ｃ８３９０２（Ｋ８８ａｃ,ＳＴ＋ ,ＬＴ＋ ）的攻击。用提取的包涵体免疫家兔后,采集的血清能够中和天然ＳＴ１肠毒素的毒性。这表明构建的工程菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）（ｐＸＥＴＳＬＴ１）可以作为预防幼畜大肠杆菌性腹泻基因工程菌苗的候选株     

不同生理时期不同水平大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡器官重的影响

不同生理时期不同水平大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡器官重的影响ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＨＥＤＩＥＴＳＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＶＡＲＩＮＧＬＥＶＥＬＳＯＦＲＡＷＳＯＹＢＥＡＮＯＮＯＲＧＡＮＷＥＩＧＨＴＳＯＦＰＵＬＬＥＴＳＤＵＲＩＮＧＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＧＲＯＷＩＮＧＰ...     

正强化训练对笼养黑叶猴粪便代谢组的影响

行为训练做一种丰容手段,在圈养野生动物管理中正逐渐运用。其目的是通过正强化刺激,让动物学会指令配合动物管理,从而减少胁迫。然而目前并没有合适的生理指标来评价训练对动物的影响。本实验对象是杭州动物园饲养的2只黑叶猴,通过对其中1只“大杭”个体进行持续30 d的正强化行为训练,训练目标为肌肉注射。通过GC-MS代谢组手段测定粪便所有代谢产物。模型显示,行为训练后大杭粪便代谢组与训练前具有显著的区别(PLS-DA:R^2y=0.951,Q 2=0.502;(O)PLS-DA:R^2y=0.95,Q 2=0.454)。通过差异代谢物和代谢物富集分析发现,代谢物变化通路主要有氨基酸代谢(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸的生物合成及分解途径,甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢以及半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸代谢均下调),核酸和能量代谢(丙二酸、嘧啶、肌苷、乳糖代谢在行为训练动物上得到显著增强)。正强化训练可能通过强化动物的主动运动,提高新陈代谢水平来调节动物生理水平。     

黑腿白臀叶猴部分血液生理生化指标的测定

通过对南宁市动物园饲养的8只黑腿白臀叶猴胫静脉采血进行血液生理生化值测定,并将实验结果应用统计学t检验方法进行数据统计分析,通过对成体、亚成体之间及成体雌雄、亚成体雌雄之间进行统计对比分析,虽个别项目存在差异(P>0.05),但无统计学意义,这为该动物的生物学研究及疾病诊断提供一定参考依据。     

Genetic analysis of group composition and relatedness in white‐headed langurs

We collected fecal samples of white‐headed langurs from 3 of the 4 remaining habitat fragments (Fa, Fb and CZ) located in southwestern Guangxi, China in Nov 2005, and used 5 microsatellite loci and the SRY gene to assess the relatedness between 46 langurs within and between groups. We observed 2 forms of group structure: one‐male/multi‐female groups (OMGs) and all‐male groups (AMGs). One AMG in Fa was composed of 2 generations, included a father, 2 sons and 1 unrelated male, and all OMGs in all 3 habitats included 1 resident male, several adult females and offspring. Of the 21 identified father‐offspring cases, the resident male fathered 20 (95%) and the non‐resident male sired 1 (5%), suggesting that adult males had overwhelming priority of access to females as the resident male in an OMG, while the non‐resident male may also have the opportunity to adopt surreptitious mating strategies.     

贵州麻阳河国家级自然保护区黑叶猴夜宿地选择的研究

2008年5～9月,对贵州麻阳河国家级自然保护区内7群黑叶猴跟踪观察,对发现的27个夜宿地进行调查分析.结果表明,黑叶猴夜宿地多位于常绿阔叶林中,表观类型以岩洞和岩缝为主,周围植被层以灌木为主.夜宿地坡度均≥60°,对坡向没有明显的选择性,干扰生境中多位于中坡位,未干扰生境中多位于下坡位.影响夜宿地选择的定量生境因子夜宿地海拔、距最近人类活动距离、距水源距离、距河流海拔高度和距其所在悬崖顶部的高度显著差异(P＜0.05),而距其所在悬崖底部高度、周围植被丰富度差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

Male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus)

Infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago, and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non‐functional behavior. In this study, we report 5 male takeover events in one‐male groups of white‐headed langurs in the Nongguan Karst Hills, Guangxi, China from 1998 to 2006. We recorded 13 attacks on 9 infants by extra‐group males or new resident males. During the male takeovers, all of the infants younger than 6 months (with an average age of 3.6 months [N = 11]) in the groups disappeared. The infant death rate during the 4.2 months after takeover by a new male was significantly higher than the infant death rate calculated for most of the year. Older infants that were still nursing (with an average age of 14.1 months [N = 7]) were often attacked and seriously wounded by the extra‐group males or new resident males, but all of them survived. The interbirth intervals of females whose infants were assumed to be killed by males were significantly reduced relative to those of females in groups with stable male tenure (mean = 10 months vs 25 months). Our data suggest that males kill unrelated and unweaned infants during the takeover period to decrease the time until the infants’ mothers resume fertility. Thus, infanticide would support sexual selection theory in white‐headed langurs. The data also show that infanticidal behavior was directed toward the infants, especially those who were still nursing. Female dispersal may function as a counter‐strategy to avoid infanticide.     

Chronic moderate heat dermatitis (erythema ab igne) in five dogs,three cats and one silvered langur

Erythema ab igne, an old and rare disease in the human literature, is an erythematous, often pigmented, reticular, macular dermatosis that occurs at the site of repeated exposure to moderate heat. We identified lesions consistent with erythema ab igne in five dogs, three cats and one silvered langur (Trachypithecus cristatus[Raffles, 1821]). In dogs and cats, the cutaneous lesion distribution typically reflected chronic exposure to moderate heat during lateral or sternal recumbency. The silvered langur developed cutaneous lesions on the dorsal neck from exposure to a heat lamp. Principal clinical lesions consisted of irregular areas of alopecia (7/9) and erythema (7/9), sometimes with hyperpigmentation (3/9). Principal histological features consisted of karyomegaly (9/9) and keratinocyte atypia (4/9), scattered apoptotic or vacuolated basal cells and/or apoptotic keratinocytes (6/9), mild mixed mononuclear interstitial or interface dermatitis (9/9) with adnexal atrophy (8/9), and a variable number of wavy eosinophilic elastic fibres (9/9). The presence of these cutaneous lesions in an animal indicates that the environment should be evaluated for exposure to chronic moderate heat, and the heat source should be eliminated or modified to prevent further exposure and progression of lesions.     

Habitat use and locomotion of the François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in limestone habitats of Nonggang,China

We collected data on habitat use and locomotion of the François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) between August 2003 and July 2004 at Nonggang Nature Reserve, China. A total of 739 h of behavioral data were collected during this study. We tested 2 predictions: (1) that the langurs may have special patterns of habitat use and locomotion adaptive to the limestone habitat, and (2) the langurs may exhibit different patterns of habitat use and locomotion among different zones of limestone hill. Our results indicated that François– langurs spent more time in the low‐risk, relatively food‐poor cliff–hilltop areas. When young leaves and fruit were scarce in the dry season, the langurs increased their time in the high‐risk, food‐rich valley basin. François– langurs were semi‐terrestrial, and leaping and climbing were their main locomotor modes. These behavioral patterns are considered to be related to characteristics of topography and vegetation in limestone habitat, such as large areas of cliff and discontinuous canopy. Our results also supported Prediction 2. The langurs confined locomotion to the main canopy and frequently adopted leaping while traveling in the hillside and valley basin. While traveling in cliff–hilltop areas, they tended to stay in the lower stratus (≤5 m) or move on the ground, and walking and climbing were their dominant traveling modes.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

乡土灌草青贮与牛羊健康饲喂研究进展与展望

本文系统地回顾了近60年以来国内外乡土灌草青贮利用与牛羊健康饲喂的研究现状与进展。通过对已有研究文献的年度分布、研究内容与研究区域进行分析,结合饲草青贮技术领域、草食畜牧业领域以及社会发展的背景,将乡土灌草青贮与牛羊健康饲喂划分为3个阶段,20世纪50年代到80年代末期为萌芽阶段、20世纪80年代末期到21世纪初期为缓慢增长阶段、21世纪初期至今为快速增长阶段。其次,根据研究内容从理论研究、监测评价、技术示范、技术研发4个方面进行归纳总结,分析了各分支领域的主要成果与关键问题,提出下阶段应重点研究的内容,应加强对乡土灌草饲料生产与牛羊健康饲喂的研究,综合提高饲料能量与蛋白质的利用率,尽可能改善牛羊的能氮平衡,促进畜牧业和饲料加工业的发展。