胎衣不下奶牛围产期血液流变学指标变化

测定胎衣不下(RFM)奶牛围产期的血液流变学指标变化,为采取有效的预防和治疗措施提供依据。对25头胎衣不下奶牛和30头正常奶牛,使用锥／板法测定不同切变率的全血粘度,使用全自动激光衍射法测定红细胞变形能力。对照组全血粘度随妊娠时间推移,在妊娠后期显著或极显著降低。RFM组在切变率为150／s时未见显著降低变化,切变率为38／s、10／s、5／s有降低表现,但显著高于对照组(妊娠275d),分娩后10 d显著高于产后第1天。PCV随妊娠时间推移呈降低变化,妊娠275 d对照组显著降低(P<0.05),产后第1天两组均呈升高变化,对照组显著升高(P<0.05),随后两组各时间点均显著或极显著降低。红细胞变形指数产后呈降低变化,其中RFM组产后第1天显著低于产前,第30天显著低于产后第1天。积分面积在妊娠第275天对照组极显著增加,两组产后第1天均显著低于产前,RFM组产后第10天极显著低于第1天(P<0.01)。以上结果提示产前和产后血液粘度处于较高水平和产后红细胞变形能力的持续低下是RFM奶牛血液流变学的异常变化。降低分娩前后的血液粘度和提高产后红细胞变形能力可能有效减少RFM和其他围产期疾病的发病率。     

产后健康奶牛血液流变学主要指标测定及其意义

为了解产后健康奶牛血液流变学的变化规律 ,验证“产后血瘀”这一传统生理观的客观存在 ,对 18例奶牛产后期(产后 1～ 30 d)血液流变学的全血比粘度高、低切 (η b80 s- 1 、η b2 0 s- 1 ) ,血浆比粘度 (η p) ,红细胞压积 (PCV) ,全血还原比粘度高、低切 (η r80 s- 1 、η r2 0 s- 1 ) ,红细胞聚集指数 (AI) ,红细胞刚性指数 (IR) ,血浆纤维蛋白原含量 (FG)等 9项指标进行了系统检测。结果表明 ,产后 15、30 d与新产时 (产后 1～ 7d)比较 ,除 AI、η r2 0 s- 1外 ,其余 7项指标至少在某一时间段呈现差异极显著或显著 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。本试验从血液流变学的角度初步揭示了母畜“产后血瘀”这一论点的客观科学性     

奶牛产后血液流变学主要指标动态变化规律

为了解产后健康奶牛血液流变学的变化规律，对18例奶牛产后期（产后1－30d)血液流变学的全血比粘度（ηb)、血浆比粘度（ηp)、红细胞压积（pcv)、全血还原比粘度（ηr)、红细胞聚集指数（AI）、血浆纤维蛋白原含量（FG）等6项指标进行系统检测。结果表明，整个检测期ηb、pcv呈逐渐降低趋势；ηp、ηr80s^-1呈逐渐上升趋势；AI、ηr20s^-2在一定范围内波动；FG呈速升、速降的规律性。     

清宫散对患子宫内膜炎奶牛血液流变学指标的影响

采用椎板式血液粘度仪检测了中药方剂-清宫散对患子宫内膜炎奶牛治疗前后血液流变学指标的影响。结果表明:患子宫内膜炎奶牛的全血粘度、全血低切/高切还原粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性系数显著或极显著高于健康牛,经清宫散治疗后上述指标显著或极显著下降;空白对照组奶牛首次采血时的血液流变学参数与试验组奶牛治疗前的参数无显著差异(P>0.05);各组奶牛红细胞压积无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:清宫散能改善患牛微循环障碍,降低血液粘度,进而达到活血化瘀之功效。     

蹄变形奶牛血液流变学的研究

为了更深入探讨奶牛变形蹄的发病机理及对奶牛变形蹄的预防和治疗提供更科学的理论依据。选择长沙地区20头中国荷斯坦牛，系统检测了变形蹄和正常蹄奶牛在夏季（6月份）和冬季（12月份）血液流变学主要指标。夏季时，1S-1、3S-1、5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、60S-1切变率下，变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛，有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛低切全血还原粘度极显著高于正常蹄奶牛（P〈0．01）。变形蹄奶牛红细胞压积高于正常蹄奶牛，差异显著（P〈0．05）。冬季时，5S^-1、10S^-1、30S^-1、200S^-1切变率下，变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛血浆粘度高于正常蹄奶牛，有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛红细胞沉降率较快，也有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛与全血粘度增高和红细胞聚集性增强具有相关性。     

中药产复康对产后气虚血瘀证奶牛血液流变学的影响

为了评价产复康的活血化瘀作用,将58头产后奶牛分为气虚血瘀证组和临床健康组,并进一步将这两组奶牛分别又分为治疗组和对照组。气虚血瘀证治疗组和临床健康组的奶牛,分别以0.5g/kg体重、0.4g/kg体重口服产复康,连续5d。结果表明与产前相比,奶牛产后全血液粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数显著升高,而红细胞变形指数显著降低;而当奶牛产后出现气虚血瘀症状后,全血液粘度、血浆粘度更加显著升高,红细胞变形指数进一步降低;服用产复康后,气虚血瘀证奶牛的血液流变学各项指标已接近非血瘀证奶牛水平,而血瘀证对照组奶牛的上述指标仍高于健康奶牛。这一结果说明,产复康可以纠正气虚血瘀证奶牛血液流变指标的异常,促进奶牛产后恢复机能。     

荷斯坦奶牛变形蹄血液流变学的研究

为了深入探讨奶牛变形蹄的发病机理及对奶牛变形蹄的预防和治疗提供更科学的理论依据,选择长沙地区20头荷斯坦奶牛,系统检测了变形蹄和正常蹄奶牛在夏季(6月份)和冬季(12月份)血液流变学主要指标。结果:夏季时,1S-1、3S-1、5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、60S-1切变率下,变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛低切全血还原粘度极显著高于正常蹄奶牛(P<0.01)。变形蹄奶牛红细胞压积高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。冬季时,5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、200S-1切变率下,变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛血浆粘度高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛红细胞沉降率较快,也有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:变形蹄奶牛与全血粘度增高和红细胞聚集性增强具有相关性。     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准的研究

试验选择临床表现血瘀症状的产后病牛进行生化和血液流变学指标检测.结果:与健康奶牛产后8～10 h相应值比较,病牛血清WOD活性、血糖、血浆总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著降低(P《0.05),淀粉酶活性、白蛋白和血红蛋白含量差异不显著(P》0.05);全血比粘度、还原全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数及血浆纤维蛋白原含量显著升高(P《0.005 或0.01),全血凝固时间显著缩短(P《0.05),而红细胞压积无明显变化 (P》0.05),临床症状与生化、血液流变学主要指标变化基本相符,据此初步提出了奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准.     

奶牛胎衣不下血液流变学主要指标的变化

本实验对９ 头胎衣不下病牛和１２ 头产后健康奶牛产后３０ｄ 内的血液流变学主要指标进行了系统监测。结果表明：在产后７ ～１０ｄ 内，病牛全血比粘度显著或极显著高于产后健康牛（Ｐ＜ ０－０５或０－０１） ；红细胞聚集指数、血浆比粘度和血浆纤维蛋白原含量亦显著或极显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０－０５ 或０－０１） ；红细胞压积呈降低趋势。病牛恶露排尽时间、产后首次发情时间显著延长，子宫内膜炎发病率显著升高，可能与体内血粘度持续升高、血液微循环障碍、子宫内分泌物排出困难有关     

奶牛发育期间血液流变学主要指标的测定

通过对１８０头不同发育阶段奶牛血清流变学主要指标的系统测定，得到妊娠期（３～９月）、产后期（１～４ｄ）、新生期（１月龄内）、断奶期（３～４月龄）、育成期（８～９月龄）及青年期（１９～２０月龄）各年龄段奶牛血液流变学主要指标的生理值，经统计分析发现了奶牛在不同发育阶段血液流变学主要生理指标的一些波动规律，并对引起这些变化的某些因素进行了分析。     

胎衣不下奶牛分娩前后血浆PGE2水平变化

采用放射性免疫测定法，探讨了胎衣不下奶牛分娩前后血浆中前列腺素PGE2水平的变化。结果发现正常分娩的奶牛PGE2的量从分娩前4d开始上升直到分娩前2d达最高，分娩前1d又降到最低，分娩时与分娩后略有回升，而胎衣不下奶牛PGE2的量分分娩前4d开始下降，到分娩前2d降到最低，分娩前1d突然升达最高值，分娩时和分娩后与正常分娩的奶牛PGE2的量持平，这揭示正常分娩和胎衣不下奶牛的PGE2量和时相差异可引起免疫失调，造成奶牛胎衣不下。     

仔猪大肠杆菌病K88-K99-987P-F41四价亚单位疫苗的研制Ⅳ.疫苗生产与免疫效力试验

选用4株带有K88、K99、987P、F41粘附素抗原的产肠毒素性大肠杆菌,分别接种于BBL、Minca、Slanetz和Minca培养基进行培养,将培养物加热提取粘附素抗原后,加入油佐剂制成四价亚单位疫苗。经成品检验合格后分别免疫小鼠和怀孕母猪,同时监测怀孕母猪抗体。最后1次免疫后15 d,分别用同源ETEC确定的攻毒剂量攻击。结果显示,经2次免疫后,K88、K99、987P、F41对小鼠的免疫保护率与1次免疫没有显著差异(P>0.05);对仔猪,1次免疫跟2次免疫均可显著地降低腹泻指数(P<0.05),2次免疫与1次免疫没有显著差异(P>0.05)。怀孕母猪免疫1周后(产前23 d)抗体开始上升,第2周(产前16 d)达到高峰。2次免疫后抗体迅速回升,第4周(产前2 d)达到最高峰,产后2 d抗体大幅度下跌,几近免疫前水平。二免母猪所产仔猪发病率明显低于一免母猪(P<0.05)。攻毒保护试验和抗体消长规律的结果表明,制备的仔猪大肠杆菌病K88-K99-987P-F41四价亚单位疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,能有效预防仔猪大肠杆菌病的发生。     

裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠肠蠕动及血液流变学的影响

目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠的肠蠕动和血液流变的调节作用。方法：将60只小鼠分为正常对照组、水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5%）、高剂量组（10%），连续30d，取30只小鼠进行肠蠕支实验。另外，将30只小鼠统一摘除右眼取血，测定其血液流变学指标中的血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量组小鼠的炭末推进百分率与正常对照组相比有明显的差异（P＜0.01）；裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量小鼠的血细胞比容、全血高切、低切表观粘度及红细胞聚集指数均明显低于对照组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维增强小鼠的肠蠕动并且可以降低血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度，可提高血液的流动性。     

Evaluation of jackrabbits as nonruminant hosts for Anaplasma marginale

Two black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), 1 splenectomized and 1 intact, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of a 1:5 dilution of a Florida Anaplasma marginale stabilate. Five months later, both hares were inoculated with 1 ml of whole blood from a calf with acute anaplasmosis. Neither hare developed any signs of clinical anaplasmosis. Pooled blood (7 ml) from these jackrabbits which was inoculated into 2 Anaplasma-susceptible, splenectomized calves failed to induce hematologic or serologic signs of anaplasmosis for at least 90 days. Two susceptible, splenectomized calves were inoculated with 35 ml of pooled whole blood from 9 wild-collected black-tailed jackrabbits from a known anaplasmosis enzootic area. Both steers remained free of anaplasmosis signs for 90 days.     

Feed intake, lactation performance, blood metabolites and fertility in early lactation dairy cows grazing a timothy pasture

The present study was conducted to investigate feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites and fertility in early lactation dairy cows grazing a timothy pasture. Fourteen multiparous Holstein cows that calved between 20 May and 19 July were used over a 3‐year period. The stocking rate was 3.6–4.3 cow/ha. Concentrates were fed separately at 9.5–11.5 kg/day per cow (dry matter basis) from 1 to 13 weeks postparturition. Herbage intake was estimated using chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. The mean contents of crude protein, total digestible nutrients and neutral detergent fiber of pasture during the 3‐year study period were 22.3%, 71.8% and 51.7%, and those of total diet were 18.9%, 77.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The mean herbage dry matter intake was 13.0 kg/day from 2 to 13 weeks postparturition during the study, total dry matter intake was 23.7 kg/day, the total digestible nutrients sufficiency rate was 105%, milk yield was 39.7 kg/day, and milk fat percentage was 3.30%. The decrease in bodyweight postparturition was slight. Urea nitrogen concentrations in serum were below 18.3 mg/dL. The mean days to first estrus and days open were 36 and 104 days, respectively. These results indicate that energy deficiency, decrease in bodyweight and fertility in early lactation barely occur when high producing dairy cows are fed enough grazing grass and suitable concentrates.     

泰和乌骨鸡生理生化指标及其与血液流变学特性的关系

测定了泰和乌骨鸡血液的生理生化和血液流变学性质中较突出的 2 7项指标 ,推算了 4项指标 ,并运用逐步回归分析方法进行测定 ,结果表明 ,影响泰和乌骨鸡全血黏度的主要因子为红细胞压积和红细胞聚集指数。     

加味二术散对断奶仔猪血液流变学和腹泻率的影响

观察加味二术散对断奶仔猪血液流变学和腹泻率的影响,为防治断奶仔猪应激综合征提供理论依据。将75头断奶仔猪随机分为：加味二术散高（5‰剂量组）、中（3‰剂量组）、低（2‰剂量组）剂量组、对照组和抗生素组。观察1周内各组仔猪腹泻率。于试验第7天,采集各组仔猪的血液,并测定其血流变学指标。结果显示,与对照组相比低剂量加味二术散对仔猪的全血粘度、血浆粘度和红细胞变形指数改善作用不明显（P〉0.05）,纤维蛋白原的含量显著降低（P〈0.05）;高、中剂量加味二术散对断奶仔猪均具有不同程度改善以上指标的作用。各组红细胞压积差异不显著（P〉0.05）。抗生素组仔猪的红细胞聚集性指数与对照组相比显著增高（P〈0.05）,其他各组差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。各组仔猪的腹泻率与对照组相比都降低,加味二术散高、中剂量组和抗生素组的腹泻率显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论,二术加味改善血液流变学且可降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率。     

Response of whole blood, erythrocyte and plasma vitamin E content to dietary vitamin E intake in the chick

Whole blood, red blood cells (RBC), and plasma vitamin E (VE) levels in chicks fed dietary VE (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, dl-alpha Ta) supplementation in steps of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 30.0 mg/Kg were determined to examine their usefulness as an index of VE status. The increase in VE level was significant and linear in whole blood (r = 0.90), RBC (r = 0.89) and plasma (r = 0.93) in response to dietary VE intake. There was a close correlation between VE in plasma vs whole blood (r = 0.90), plasma vs RBC (r = 0.91) and whole blood vs RBC (r = 0.95). The plasma VE content was 1.2-1.8 times greater than that of whole blood, and 6.6-12.5 times greater than that of RBC. The plasma total lipids content was not affected by the dietary VE intake, whereas the level of VE in the plasma total lipids was significantly increased with increasing supplementation. Alpha tocopherol was the major isomer (ca 92%) of VE in whole blood, RBC and plasma at hatching. The small proportions of beta-tocopherol (ca 2%), gamma-tocopherol (ca 5%) and alpha-tocotrienol (ca 1%) observed at 1 day of age had decreased or totally disappeared by 7 days of age after feeding the VE-free basal diet. The data showed that in the chick, the whole blood and RBC levels of VE were as sensitive and reliable indexes of dietary VE status as was that of the plasma.     

Ion-exchange microchromatography and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for the measurement of canine glycated hemoglobins

Nonenzymatic glycation of hemoglobin is a slow, continuous, and irreversible process which takes place during the whole lifespan of the erythrocyte. When hemolytic diseases are ruled out, the levels of glycated hemoglobins reflect the time-averaged serum glucose concentration for the preceding weeks. Canine hemoglobin also binds physiologically to intraerythrocytic glucose to form a glycated fraction which provides information on the animal's long-term glycemic status. This study describes an overall evaluation of ion-exchange microchromatography and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetry for the measurement of canine glycated hemoglobins. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) found were less than 5% in normal and diabetic canine samples, and both assays proved linear over the analytical range tested, which was wide enough to include the expected clinical values. Under our laboratory's conditions, the reference range for HbA(1) was 5.82 +/- 0.62% and for HbA(1)c was 2.35 -/+ 0.47%. Sample stability was lower using the ion-exchange procedure, with increases in HbA(1) observed after 4 days in whole blood and hemolysates stored at room temperature, after 12 days in whole blood stored at 4 degrees C, and after 7 days in hemolysates stored at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C. In the case of TBA colorimetry, whole blood was stable for at least 21 days at room temperature and at 4 degrees C, and hemolysates were stable for 18 days at room temperature, at least 21 days at 4 degrees C, and up to 3 months at -20 degrees C.     

Efficacy of a single oral dose of isorsorbide 5-mononitrate in normal dogs and in dogs with congestive heart failure

Isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) was evaluated in normal dogs and dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) in a randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled study. Equilibrium blood pool imaging was used to detect changes in regional blood volume distribution. Six normal dogs were administered placebo, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg 5-ISMN PO on separate days with a 1-week washout period between randomized dosings. Six dogs with CHF were administered placebo or 4 mg/kg 5-ISMN on separate days with a 1-week washout period between randomized dosings. Data were collected at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes after dosing. Measured variables included indirect arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), packed cell volume (PCV), scintigraphic count rates for normal dogs, and scintigraphic count rates for CHF dogs. Blood for plasma 5-ISMN concentration determination was collected at 60 minutes. Scintigraphic counts were corrected for decay and expressed as a percentage of the whole. No differences were detected in BP, HR, PCV, thoracic blood volume percentage (TBVP), or abdominal blood volume percentage (ABVP) between placebo and 5-ISMN in normal dogs at any dose. No differences were detected in TBVP or ABVP between placebo and 5-ISMN in dogs with CHF Plasma 5-ISMN concentration exceeded the minimum therapeutic concentration in all dogs and at all doses 60 minutes after drug administration. Equilibrium blood pool imaging failed to detect a shift in blood volume with oral 5-ISMN administration at any dose tested in normal dogs and dogs with CHF, despite adequate drug absorption. On the basis of the results of this study, 5-ISMN may not be beneficial in the treatment of dogs with CHF.