5例绵羊尘肺自然病例的病理观察

对5例购自金塔县成年绵羊的肺脏、支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结进行了组织学研究。结果表明,5例绵羊肺脏均有程度不等的尘肺病变。绵羊尘肺病变可为局灶型或弥漫型。局灶型尘肺表现为,尘细胞结节与尘灶呈散在分布于肺泡隔、细支气管周围和肺胸膜结缔组织中;弥漫型尘肺则尘细胞与尘灶弥漫性分布于整个肺组织中。在尘灶周围常大量淋巴细胞浸润,局部结缔组织程度不等增生,肺泡隔显著增宽,肺泡腔萎缩。同时,5例病羊肺脏均有程度不等单核巨噬细胞性肺炎。病变肺组织周围有程度不等肺气肿区。5例病羊支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结均有严重的尘灶和尘细胞结节。     

骆驼风沙尘肺的研究

为探明风沙尘对动物健康的危害，对阿拉善右旗的７８例双峰驼的肺脏和肺门淋巴结进行了病理组织学观察和电子探针分析，同时也分析了风沙尘的矿物和元素组成。结果发现１７例驼骆的肺脏和肺门淋巴结有程度不同的尘肺病变，其中２例肺出现了典型的的结节。另有３９例双峰驼仅在淋巴结出现较严重的尘肺病变。肺和淋巴组织中的矿物主要为二氧化硅和铝硅酸盐化合物，与风沙尘的组成相同，从而证明风沙尘的长期吸入会引起骆驼的尘肺，其性质为一种铝硅酸盐尘肺。     

5例青海藏獒尘肺的矿物分析

采用光镜、电子探针微分析仪及原子发射光谱(ICP),对购自青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县5例确诊为尘肺的藏獒肺脏进行了研究。结果表明,5例藏獒肺脏均有程度不等的尘肺病变,肺脏尘肺病变可表现为局灶型或弥漫型。局灶型:尘灶与尘细胞结节呈星散状分布,多位于细支气管周围、肺泡隔和肺胸膜结缔组织中;弥漫型:尘灶与尘细胞弥漫性分布于大范围肺组织中;并可见巨噬细胞性肺炎。元素分析表明,肺和淋巴结中的粉尘多为铝硅酸盐类化合物。     

青海藏獒尘肺的矿物分析

采用光镜、电子探针微分析仪及原子发射光谱(ICP),对购自青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县5例确诊为尘肺的藏獒肺脏进行了研究。结果表明,5例藏獒肺脏均有程度不等的尘肺病变,肺脏尘肺病变可表现为局灶型或弥漫型。局灶型,尘灶与尘细胞结节呈星散状分布,多位于细支气管周围、肺泡隔和肺胸膜结缔组织中;弥漫型则尘灶与尘细胞弥漫性分布于大范围肺组织中;并可见巨噬细胞性肺炎。元素分析表明,肺和淋巴结中的粉尘多为铝硅酸盐类化合物。     

双峰驼尘肺的肺超微病理研究

采用透射电镜、扫描电镜及电子探针微分析仪，对内蒙古阿拉善右旗和甘肃省民勤县５ 例有尘肺病变的双峰驼肺脏进行了研究。发现主要的超微变化是巨噬细胞的增殖积聚，并吞噬了大量密度很高的结晶等多形态尘粒。尘细胞中线粒体空 泡化，内质网扩张，尘粒积聚体体处细胞器完全破坏。微量元素分析表明，尘粒的主要成份为铝硅酸盐类化合物， Ｓｉ Ｏ２ 则很少，从而进一步证实大气环境浮尘含量过高是双峰驼尘肺的重要原因之一。     

双峰驼肺组织的结构特征

通过光镜和电镜技术对我国甘肃和内蒙古４８例双峰驼肺脏组织结构的研究表明,双峰驼肺胸膜极厚,其中富含大量胶原纤维和弹性纤维,在肺脏各叶的边缘和腹面,其胸膜下常有较多脂肪组织聚集。腹面肺胸膜下的脂肪中还有淋巴结分布。肺小叶明显,小叶间结缔组织丰富,支气管、细支气管管壁较厚,粘膜层常呈许多明显的皱襞。肺呼吸部的组织学特点是,肺泡管数目多,每支呼吸性细支气管分出６￣１０个或更多的肺泡管。肺泡管宽大,但肺泡     

动物尘肺研究

１９８８－１９９０年间，用光镜，电镜，电子控针微分析技术与临诊检查法，对甘肃省河西地区８１７头动物的肺和支气管淋巴结进行了研究。首次发现这一地区动物的尘肺存在。各种动物病变的发生率如下：猪２４．５％（２５／１０２），绵羊１．７％（２／１１６），山羊１２．６％（９／７１），鸡６０（１５／２５）和马３９．２５％（病死率）。其组织特征是多发性间质性肺炎灶和大量含尘巨噬细胞结节。这些巨噬细胞尘粒的主要元素     

马类动物气喘病病理研究：35例自然病畜病性与病理

用HE及特殊染色法、电镜、能谱分析、电子探针、偏光显微镜及微生物分离培养等方法,研究了气喘病自然病例的肺与支气管淋巴结。肺与淋巴结组织中尘细胞明显增多,细胞器受损,铝、硅等元素超常,肺组织变化还包括单核细胞性肺泡炎和间质性肺炎,从病肺中分到了普通高温放线菌、干草小多孢菌等菌类。结果表明,肺中有机与无机成分均存在。作者认为,甘肃河西一带的马类动物气喘病属一种极少报告的外源性混合性尘肺,其中,有机尘肺与国外描述的“马农民肺”(farmer's lung of horses)变化相似。     

麦草土尘致家兔尘肺的病理学研究

用甘肃河西地区麦草土尘在家兔成功地复制出了尘肺模型,病理形态学研究表明,在肺与支气管淋巴结可引起尘沉着和尘细胞结节形成,引起支气管炎和血管周炎,单核细胞肺泡炎和间质性肺炎,淋巴结构的尘细胞结节形成等。这些变化与甘肃河西地区马类动物气喘病自然病例的变化相似。病理生理学研究表明,试验组动物有较严重的低氧血症和呼吸性酸中毒,肺循环中有大量单核细胞和微血栓滞留,试验后期肺组织顺应性明显降低,这也是引起尘肺     

山羊肺淋巴系的研究

24例山羊肺经肺实质和肺胸膜下注射30％普鲁士蓝氯仿溶液，剖查其器官内淋巴管及淋巴流向。结果表明，山羊肺的器官内淋巴管有浅淋巴管和深淋巴管2种。左肺尖叶淋巴管注入左支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管左淋巴结，左肺心叶淋巴管注入左支气管肺淋巴结、气管支气管左淋巴结和气管支气管中淋巴结，左肺膈叶淋巴管注入气管支气管左淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结；右肺尖叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管前淋巴结，右肺心叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管右淋巴结，右肺膈叶淋巴管注入气管支气管右淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结，右肺副叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结。     

Gross and histopathological studies on pulmonary lesions of camel (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir,Ethiopia

This study was carried out with the aim of identifying types of gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of camels slaughtered between October 2009 and April 2010 at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. All camels were originated from Borana and Kereyu areas. A total of 387 slaughtered camel lungs were inspected during the study period. Of which, one or more gross lesions were encountered on 300 lungs. Lesions were further subjected for detail gross and histopathological examinations. The occurrence of pulmonary lesions was 77.5%. The gross and histopathological examination of these lesions had revealed 60.2% emphysema, 21.2% hydatidosis, 18.6% pneumonia, 10.6% atelectasis, 4.9% aspiration of blood, 3.9% pneumoconiosis, 2.6% pulmonary edema and congestion, 1.6% abscess, 1% pleurisy, and 0.8% granulomatous pneumonia. Most camels had one or more pulmonary lesions on postmortem examination, but they were apparently healthy during antemortem inspection. Therefore, the prevailing stressful environmental condition coupled with the existing poor level of veterinary service in camel-rearing areas of the country might reverse these hidden inactive lesions and thereby contributed for the higher occurrence of respiratory diseases in camels.     

猪弓形虫自然感染病例病理组织学观察

为探究猪弓形虫感染对猪器官组织学结构的影响,对信阳某猪场自然发病猪进行病理学诊断。处死病猪后采取肝脏组织用福尔马林固定,姬姆萨染色法进行染色。采集肺、肝、肾、淋巴结和心等组织,石蜡包埋,HE染色,光学显微镜下观察。在用姬姆萨染色的肝脏切片上能够观察到弓形虫的速殖子,分别在肺、肝、肾、脾脏、淋巴结和心脏等组织器官切片中发现弓形虫滋养体或假囊,表明该场疾病是由猪弓形虫引起的,各组织器官出现出血、炎性细胞浸润、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞增多等病理变化。     

Gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions of camels from Eastern Ethiopia

Camels are important animals for pastoralists in the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and southern parts of Ethiopia. This paper reports on abattoir study of respiratory lesions in 104 adult camels at the Dire Dawa abattoir (88 male and 16 female). The study showed 98% of the examined lungs had one or more lesions. The most common lesions were pulmonary fibrosis (50.00%), pneumoconiosis (34.62%), hydatid cyst (30.80%), pulmonary abscess (3.85%) and parasitic bronchopneumonia (0.96%). The distribution of pneumoconiosis and hydatid cyst varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different lobes, the highest being seen in the caudal lobe. For the different lesions there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in distribution among male and female camels. Possible explanations for the occurrence of the lesions are discussed. And recommendations forecasted are made.     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征活疫苗对仔猪的安全性试验

本试验用猪繁殖-呼吸综合征（PRRS）活疫苗和国内分离的PRRS强毒CH—1a株接种PRRS阴性的断奶仔猪，分别在接种后的3、7、14d各剖杀1头，取各脏器分别做冰冻切片和病理切片观察。用间接免疫荧光法检测各脏器PRRS病毒的分布。结果表明，PRRS活疫苗在免疫初期，抗原主要分布在脾脏、淋巴结，其次是肾脏和肺脏，少见于肝脏和心脏，第14d时在脾、淋巴结和肾脏有一定量的抗原，而肺脏相比则数量很少，肝脏和心脏未检到PRRS病毒抗原的存在，表明接种PRRS活疫苗随着时间的推移抗原分布呈下降趋势。而强毒抗原分布以脾脏最多，依次是肾脏、肺脏、淋巴结、肝脏、心脏，接种后第14d仍能在各脏器检到PRRS病毒抗原。病理组织学检测结果表明，活疫苗产生以下颌淋巴结、脾脏增生为特征的免疫应答，组织损伤轻微，对肺的病变较少，且仔猪生长良好。强毒则引起以大面积的肺泡隔增宽为特点的间质性肺炎和微循环障碍的病理变化，淋巴小结、脾脏滤泡发生崩解与周围界限不清，个别淋巴细胞核浓缩，组织损伤严重。本试验表明弱毒疫苗对仔猪是安全的。     

麦草土尘致家兔尘肺的病理学研究

采用麦草土尘在家兔成功地复制出了尘肺模型。实验结果表明，感染土尘的家兔可引起间质性肺炎和尘肺病变。病理生理上，在这些动物检测到较严重的呼吸性酸中毒和低氧血症，肺微循环中还有大量单核细胞及微血栓滞留。在实验后期，肺脏的顺应性均降低，这也是尘肺动物呼吸困难的原因之一。     

Lancefield group B and C streptococci in East African camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Seventeen Lancefield group C streptococci (13 Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus and four Streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis) and 185 Lancefield group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) were isolated from camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kenya and Somalia; 59 of the isolates were from healthy nasopharynx, vaginal and rectal mucosa and from non-abscessed lymph nodes, and the other 143 isolates were from clinical infections of the respiratory tract, tick bite lesions, abscessed lymph nodes, abscesses and other purulent skin lesions, periarthritis and arthritis, puerperal infection and gingivitis. The role of Lancefield group B and C streptococci as commensals and common opportunistic pathogens in East African camels is described.     

Virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust

OBJECTIVE: To compare the virulence of spores of 7 fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust. Animals-54 weanling Boer-Spanish goats. PROCEDURE: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 7 fungal treatment groups, a tent control group, and a pen control group (n = 6 goats/group). Goats in the 7 treatment and tent control groups were exposed to autoclaved aerosolized feedyard dust for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 7 treatment groups were then inoculated intratracheally with 30 mL of a fungal spore preparation, whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with 30 mL of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCI) solution. These treatments were repeated each week for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Severity of pathologic changes differed significantly among the 7 fungal treatment groups as determined on the basis of gross atelectatic and consolidated lung lesions and histologic lesions of the lungs. Descending order for severity of lesions was Mucor ramosissimus, Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Monotospora lanuginosa. Trichoderma viride spores were the most invasive and were isolated from the bronchial lymph nodes and thoracic fluid of all 6 goats administered this organism. Spores were observed-histologically in lung tissues harvested 72 hours after inoculation from all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 4 of 7 fungal spore types induced significantly larger lung lesions, compared with those induced by the other 3 spore types or those evident in control goats.     

甘肃省马类动物气喘病病理研究

用电子探针、光镜与电镜对甘肃河西地区12例气喘病畜进行了病理研究。这些病畜包括马5例、骡5例和驴2例,年龄为5～18岁。病肺高度膨大,其切面细支气管明显。主要组织变化有慢性支气管炎和血管周炎、间质性肺炎、内含折光性无机粉尘的巨噬细胞和巨细胞。从这些病例的肺中分到了普通高温放线菌、干草小多孢菌、热吸水链霉菌和高大毛霉菌。在肺尘细胞中看到了线粒体空泡化和内织网脱粒等超微结构变化。同时这些细胞的无机元素(铝、硅等)含量增加。因此认为甘肃马气喘病是一种由外界吸入的无机与有机尘所致的混合性尘肺。