巴彦淖尔地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解巴彦淖尔地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌及其抗药性,按照奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断标准,选取巴彦淖尔地区5家规模化养殖场子宫内膜炎病牛60头,采集子宫分泌物,对其病原菌进行分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果表明:链球菌和葡萄球菌是引起该地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌;诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考三种药物对受试致病菌均表现为高度敏感,青霉素和链霉素对致病菌表现为严重的耐药性。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的分离及药敏试验

本试验在甘肃武威地区某养牛场选择临床型子宫内膜炎患牛12头,采集子宫分泌物进行主要病原菌的分离鉴定,结果显示,该养牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌主要为大肠埃希氏菌、无乳链球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌;对分离菌株的药敏试验表明,主要病原菌对诺氟沙星、头孢他啶、链霉素敏感,均对土霉素耐药。     

冬季某牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎与环境中主要致病菌分离鉴定、药敏试验及其相关性研究

对呼市地区某奶牛场的50头患子宫内膜炎奶牛及牛场环境进行采样,采集患牛子宫分泌物50份,环境样65份。并对采集的样本进行了病原菌分离鉴定,结果从50份奶牛子宫内膜炎样中分离出7种细菌共76株,从65份环境样分离出7种细菌共42株。对主要致病菌进行27种抗生素敏感试验,结果表明,从奶牛子宫内膜炎样和环境中分离的致病菌都对庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和左氟沙星表现出高度敏感,而对青霉素G、新生霉素和氨曲南表现较强的耐药性。将从奶牛子宫内膜炎样本中分离的病原菌与相应环境中分离的细菌进行对比分析。发现两者存在一定的相关性。     

重组溶葡萄球菌酶治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效观察

奶牛子宫内膜炎(endometritis)主要是由于分娩或产后期间子宫内膜感染病原微生物而引起的生殖系统繁殖障碍性疾病,发病率较高,常造成奶牛屡配不孕、长期不孕而致淘汰,严重影响奶牛生产。奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、化脓性棒状杆菌、变形杆菌、衣原体等。多年来,奶牛子宫内膜炎一直依赖于传统     

重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛乳房炎和子宫内膜炎常见病原菌的体外抑杀菌试验

从患乳房炎和子宫内膜炎奶牛的奶或子宫黏液中分离菌株后经鉴定选取金黄色葡萄球菌105株、表皮葡萄球菌20株、大肠埃希氏菌20株、链球菌38株（其中停乳链球菌8株，无乳链球菌30株）和牛多杀性巴氏杆菌5株。在体外用重组溶葡萄球菌酶、苯唑西林、氨苄西林、庆大霉素按照微量肉汤稀释法进行抑杀菌实验。结果表明：重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛乳房炎和子宫内膜炎分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌（包括耐药菌株和敏感菌株）具有良好抑杀效果，对链球菌（包括无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌）和牛多杀性巴氏杆菌具有一定的抑杀效果，对大肠杆菌作用较差；苯唑西林、氨苄西林、庆大霉素都有一定量的耐药菌株产生，而重组溶葡萄球菌酶对苯唑西林、氨苄西林、庆大霉素耐药菌株同样具有良好抑杀效果。     

昌吉地区奶牛子宫内膜炎主要病原菌分离鉴定与中草药体外抑菌实验

导致奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要病菌是环境中的致病菌。为了明确引起昌吉周边地区规模化牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌，本实验对昌吉地区不同规模的奶牛养殖企业和养殖场无菌采集的15份患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛子宫分泌物进行实验室诊断、主要致病菌的分离鉴定，同时使用琼脂扩散法（K—B法）测定了8种单味中草药水煎剂对分离菌株的抑制作用（抑菌圈大小判定）：筛选出适合于本地区奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗的2个口服中草药复方A和复方B，为该地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗和防治提供了依据．     

奶牛子宫内膜炎与隐性乳房炎之间的相关性研究

为探讨奶牛子宫内膜炎和隐性乳房炎之间的相关性,在宁夏地区3个大型奶牛场(根据临床型子宫内膜炎的诊断标准)选择子宫内膜炎患牛111头,用兰州隐性乳房炎检测法检测(LMT)乳样,其中82.5%的病牛同时患有隐性乳房炎,然后进行了子宫样和乳样的采集,并用常规细菌分离、培养结合高智能全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统(VITEK 2 Campact),确定引起宁夏奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌有18种110株,引起乳房炎的病原菌有23种107株,其中大肠杆菌、停乳链球菌、克氏库克菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、假单胞杆菌、乳房链球菌、产色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、荧光假单胞杆菌、产酸克雷伯菌、副溶血弧菌、克雷伯氏菌可以同时引起奶牛子宫内膜炎和隐性乳房炎。     

某奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌的分离鉴定

采集10头已确诊临床型奶牛子宫内膜炎患牛的子宫内容物,通过需氧和厌氧培养,根据细菌形态学及细菌生化特性进行分离鉴定。结果分离鉴定出3种27株细菌,分别为溶血性链球菌、非溶血性链球菌和大肠埃希菌。链球菌感染率为100%,溶血性链球菌感染率为70%,非溶血性链球菌感染率为30%。链球菌中,缺陷乏养球菌、毗邻乏养球菌和粪肠球菌所占比例较大。10份样品均分离到细菌,感染率为100%,其中绝大部分为多菌种混合感染。     

郑州市奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离和鉴定

为了掌握郑州市奶牛子宫内膜炎发病情况,为奶牛子宫内膜炎病的预防提供参考依据。方法:采集确诊为子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫内容物样品进行子宫内膜炎细菌学分析,对郑州市88头奶牛子宫内膜炎样品进行细菌的分离和鉴定。结果感染的细菌主要有金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、产吲哚金黄杆菌、浅黄金色单胞菌、奥斯陆莫拉菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌等56个菌株,大多数为混合感染。表明郑州市奶牛子宫内膜炎感染普遍存在,葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌是奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌。     

规模化猪场母猪子宫内膜炎致病菌的分离鉴定

从福建省南平市6个种猪场采集52头猪子宫内膜炎病猪子宫分泌物,分别进行致病菌分离鉴定,从52例子宫内膜炎患病母猪的活体病料中共分离细菌72株,检出率为150%。全部细菌分属为大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、绿脓杆菌、化脓棒状杆菌和克雷伯氏菌,分离到的细菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌占较大比例,它们分别占总检出菌株的43.0%、23.6%和16.7%。患猪中有61.5%的母猪为单一细菌感染;其它为细菌混合感染,混合感染比例,达到38.5%,其中以大肠杆菌造成的混合感染占比较高的比例,占总感染头数的28.8%。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …