绵羊进行性肺炎病毒与山羊关节炎一脑炎病毒的血清学交叉反应的研究

本实验用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤＴ）和免疫印迹试验（ＩＢＡ）对实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的山羊血清与山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）抗原以及实验感染ＣＡＥＶ的绵羊血清与ＯＰＰＶ抗原的交叉反应进行了研究。４只接种ＯＰＰＶ的山羊中有一只山羊的血清可与ＣＡＥＶ琼扩抗原发生交叉反应,并在免疫印迹试验中可识别ＣＡＥＶ的ｇｐ４４、ｐ３５和ｐ２８。２只接种ＣＡＥＶ的绵羊中有一只绵羊的血清可与ＯＰＰＶ琼扩抗原发生交叉反应,并在免疫印迹试验中可识别ＯＰＰＶ的ｇｐ４４和ｐ２８。以上的交叉反应结果表明ＯＰＰＶ与ＣＡＥＶ的抗原之间具有密切的相关性,这对于ＯＰＰＶ通过山羊和ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊的传代研究是非常重要的,并对将来的免疫预防策略具有重要的指导意义。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因在原核细胞中的表达

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白（ＲＶｇｐ）基因ＢｇｌⅡ片段（１６７５ｂｐ）分别正向插入到原核高效表达载体ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ和ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２（用ＳａｃⅠ－ＮｄｅⅠ缺失掉ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ６０ｂｐ含起始密码子ＡＴＧ小片段）的ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＥＴ－１７ｂＲＶｇｐ和ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２ＲＶｇｐ。将其分别转化表达受体菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）和Ｅ，ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐｌｙｓＳ．ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达，菌体经超声波裂解处理后ＳＤＳ－ｐＡＧＥ，染色，在分子量约６００００处可见重组质粒表达的较宽的蛋白带，以抗ＲＶｇｐＭｃＡｂ进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测，表明该表达蛋白为ＲＶｇｐ。通过扫描显示，表达的ＲＶｇｐ占菌体总蛋白的１０％～１４％，其中ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ２ＲＶｇｐ在Ｅ。ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中的表达量最高。     

实验感染山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒的绵羊抗体应答反应的研究

本实验用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验和免疫印迹试验对实验感染山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）的绵羊抗体应答反应进行了研究，用两种方法都可在接毒绵羊的血清中检测到ＣＡＥＶ的抗体。琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验最早可于接毒后的第７周时检测到抗体，免疫印迹试验最早可于接毒后的第６周时检测到抗ＣＡＥＶ的ｇｐ１２５、ｇｐ４４、ｐ３５、ｐ２８和ｐ１４的抗体，这说明免疫印迹试验更为敏感一些。本实验的结果表明ＣＡＥＶ可在绵羊体内诱生明显的体液免疫应答反应，因此用ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊体传代的方法可能会得到具有良好的抗原性的ＣＡＥＶ毒株，这对于人工培养ＣＡＥＶ强毒是非常重要的。此外，本实验还为ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊体传代的研究提供了非常实用的检测手段     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒的山羊血清抗体

用酶联免疫吸附试验在接种绵羊进行性肺炎产山羊血清中可测到ＯＰＰＶ抗体。抗体的最早检出时间是接毒后的第１５ｄ，且４只接毒山羊都呈阳性反应。检测结果表明，ＯＰＰＶ可在山羊体内诱生较强的体液免疫应答反应。     

单抗介导的斑点ELISA检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用群特异性的单克隆抗体作第一抗体,用酶标兔抗体ＩＢＶＩｇＧ作第二抗体,建立夹心法Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ程序检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒抗原。试验表明,本程序检测ＩＢＶ抗原高度敏感性和特异性。最低抗原检出量为０．５μｇ,约１００个气管环半数感染量（１００ＴＯＣＩＤ５０）,阳性检出率为９６％。     

HIV—2env基因在大肠杆菌和重组痘苗病毒中的表达

将编码人Ⅱ型免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ－２）ｅｎｖｇｐ１２０（Ｅ１）和ｇｐ３６（Ｅ２）分别克隆到原核高效表达载体ｐＥＴ１７ｂ、ｐＢＶ２２０和真核表达载体ｐ１０、ｐ１６中,构建成８个重组质粒。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析证明,在原核表达系统成功地表达了ＨＩＶ－２ｅｎｖ融合蛋白,表达的蛋白分子量分别为３５０００、７００００和５００００,而原核表达质粒ｐＥＴＥ１在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶的３５０００处可见明显的额外蛋白带。经薄层扫描测定,原核系统表达的Ｅｎｖ蛋白（ｇｐ１２０）相对含量为５．８％。在真核细胞中表达的Ｅｎｖ蛋白经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测分析,分子量分别为６００００、５７０００和４２０００。上述表达的Ｅｎｖ蛋白均能与ＨＩＶ－２阳性血清发生特异性反应。重组痘苗病毒可诱导小鼠产生抗ＨＩＶ－２Ｅｎｖ抗体     

分泌抗IBDV独特型抗体细胞株的建立

应用提取纯化的抗ＩＢＤＶ ＩｇＧ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测筛选，经有限稀释法克隆２次，获得了２株（２Ｂ６株、５Ｆ４株）分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，并能诱生Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠产生高效价的含抗ＩＢＤＶ独型抗体腹水。     

弓形虫主要表面抗原P30基因克隆与表达

将液氮保存的弓形虫 Ｎ Ｔ 株经小鼠复壮后，取腹腔液提取弓形虫基因组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ，采用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法从弓形虫 Ｎ Ｔ 株中扩增出约 ８００ ｂｐ 的片段。产物经 Ｅｃｏ Ｒ Ｉ和 Ｘｂａ Ｉ酶切后，克隆到 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ１９ 载体中，构建了 ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 非融合表达质粒和 ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 融合表达质粒。ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 转化到宿主菌 Ｄ Ｈ５α、ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 转化到宿主菌 Ｂ Ｌ２１ （ Ｄ Ｅ３）后，分别经温控诱导和 Ｉ Ｐ Ｔ Ｇ 诱导，产物经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 分析，ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 未发现表达产物，ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 出现约 ３０ ０００ 的产物。 Ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 显示，该蛋白与兔抗弓形虫血清发生特异性反应；薄层扫描显示，该蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 ２０％ 以上。     

伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白gp50基因的克隆和表达

从包含伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）闽Ａ株ＢａｍＨＩ－７片段的重组质粒ｐＰＲ１２８中分离出含有完整糖蛋白ｇｐ５０基因的２．１ｋｂＤＮＡ片段，用ＫｐｎＩ和ＳｔｕＩ酶切后，将其酶切片段分别克隆到ｐＵＣ１９载体中，构建了２．１ｋｂ片段完整测序用质粒。对其序列进行分析，发现与文献报道结果一致，证明分离的ｇｐ５０基因是正确的。将包含ｇｐ５０基因的２．１ｋｂ和１．６ｋｂＤＮＡ片段分别插入带有痘苗病毒天坛株ＴＫ基因区段的ｐＧＪＰ－５质粒Ｐ７．５启动子的下游，构建了ｐＧＢＴ５０－３６和ｐＧＢＴ５０－Ｓ２２个嵌合载体。将嵌合载体通过磷酸钙共沉淀法转染预先感染ＴＫ＋痘苗病毒天坛株的人ＴＫ－１４３细胞或ＣＶ－１细胞，进行体内同源重组。经蚀斑纯化，在ＢｄＵＲ选择压力下，通过光敏生物素标记的探针杂交，获得带有ＰＲＶｇｐ５０基因的重组痘苗病毒。用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，重组痘苗病毒有特异性ＰＲＶｇｐ５０抗原存在。     

用单抗介导的荧光抗体技术检测鸡尿囊细胞内传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、ＡＲＫ、澳大利亚Ｔ株、野外分离株ＲＳ、ＲＹ及鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）、减蛋综合症病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）等分别接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，３７℃孵育４８小时后，将其尿囊液离心，沉淀用ＰＢＳ悬浮，涂片，用抗ＩＢＶ单抗ＭＣ作一抗、进行间接荧光抗体检测。结果：Ｈ１２Ｏ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１“ＡＲＫ、Ｔ株及ＲＳ、ＲＹ均显阳性，而ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＩＬＴＶ、ＥＤＳＶ均为阴性。结果表明、用此法检测鸡胚尿囊液中ＩＢＶ．具有快速、敏感、特异的优点。     

用绵羊进行性肺炎病毒实验感染山羊的研究

用绵羊进行肺炎病毒接种４只山羊３－４个月后，可观察到接毒山羊都出现了发育迟缓和消瘦现象，并有１只山羊山现了明显的临床病症。而未接毒的对照山羊则发育正常。接毒２８ｄ后，可以从接毒山羊的外周血单核细胞中分离到病毒。病理剖检发现４只接毒山羊中有１只山羊的多种器官出现了较为严重的病变，组织学检查则可看到典型的间质性肺炎、中度的脑炎和较为严重的脾炎的症变。以上的结果表明ＯＰＰＶ可以感染山羊，并对山羊有较强的     

Comparison of agar gel immunodiffusion test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting for the detection of BLV antibodies

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection was developed and compared with the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT). Western blotting (WB) was used as confirmatory test. ELISA and AGIDT had specificities that were comparable with that of WB, however, ELISA showed a higher sensitivity than AGIDT. The ELISA was useful for screening a large number of samples, whereas WB was important for detecting the antibody response against the individual BLV-proteins. Different types of positive serological reactions were discerned in WB, that correlated with reactions of sera in AGIDT and ELISA. The most important antigen in WB and ELISA was the BLV protein p24, whereas the BLV glycoproteins gp51 and gp30 were of special importance in AGIDT. The relevance of repeatedly testing the antibody response in BLV-infected herds for control and eradication programmes using assays with higher sensitivity than AGIDT was demonstrated.     

Detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus nonstructural protein NS1 may distinguish between vaccinated and infected pigs

The humoral antibody response against the nonstructural protein NS1 and the structural protein VP2 of porcine parvovirus (PPV) was evaluated by immuno-peroxidase test (IPT) and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant PPV antigens. The coding sequence for NS1 and VP2 was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) genome resulting in two recombinant baculoviruses AcNPV-NS1 and AcNPV-VP2, respectively. Sf9 cells (Spodoptora frugidiperda) inoculated with AcNPV-NS1 producing recombinant nonstructural protein (rNS1) and AcNPV-VP2 producing recombinant virion protein (rVP2) were used in IPT and ELISA to analyse serum antibodies. Pigs vaccinated with an inactivated whole virus vaccine and experimentally infected pigs were studied. Significant titers against rVP2 were obtained in both vaccinated and infected pigs. Specific antibodies against rNS1 could only be detected in infected pigs and NS1 may in this way allow the specific detection of infected animals. Analysis of serum samples collected up to 18 days post infection (p.i.) from four pigs experimentally infected with PPV showed that antibodies against rNS1 and rVP2 could in all cases be detected on day 9 p.i. Two individual pigs were inoculated twice with PPV and the antibody response was followed 89 days after second inoculation. Serum antibodies against borth rVP2 and rNS1 could be detected for this period of time.     

伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白ISCOMs免疫原性测定

应用伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白与Quil A结合制备囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物(PRV-ISCOMs)，并通过ELISA、血清中和试验和淋巴细胞转化试验(Brdu-ELISA法)测定其诱导小鼠体液和细胞免疫应答水平。结果如下：1)小鼠分别接种3、7、10ug的PRV-ISCOMs后，于接种后PI7d血清中可测出ELISA IgG而抗体，随后抗体水平逐渐升高。间隔21d加强免疫后，FLISA IgG抗体水平进一步提高，且中和抗体效价均在1：22以上，而未加佐剂的囊膜蛋白对照组均无中和抗体；2)淋巴细胞转化试验初步结果表明PRV-ISCOMs能诱导小鼠的细胞免疫应答。3)免疫保护力测定显示免疫鼠能抵抗强毒攻击。上述结果表明PRV-ISCOMs具有良好的免疫原性，能诱导小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

Q fever in pregnant goats: humoral and cellular immune responses

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Both humoral and cellular immunity are important in the host defence against intracellular bacteria. Little is known about the immune response to C. burnetii infections in domestic ruminants even though these species are the major source of Q fever in humans. To investigate the goat’s immune response we inoculated groups of pregnant goats via inhalation with a Dutch outbreak isolate of C. burnetii. All animals were successfully infected. Phase 1 and Phase 2 IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies were measured. Cellular immune responses were investigated by interferon-gamma, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot test (IFN-γ Elispot), lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) and systemic cytokines. After two weeks post inoculation (wpi), a strong anti-C. burnetii Phase 2 IgM and IgG antibody response was observed while the increase in IgM anti-Phase 1 antibodies was less pronounced. IgG anti-Phase 1 antibodies started to rise at 6 wpi. Cellular immune responses were observed after parturition. Our results demonstrated humoral and cellular immune responses to C. burnetii infection in pregnant goats. Cell-mediated immune responses did not differ enough to distinguish between Coxiella-infected and non-infected pregnant animals, whereas a strong-phase specific antibody response is detected after 2 wpi. This humoral immune response may be useful in the early detection of C. burnetii-infected pregnant goats.     

Immunoreactive protein antigens of Mycoplasma pulmonis in experimentally infected rats

Mycoplasma pulmonis was cultured in modified Hayflick's medium, washed in 0.25 M NaCl, and solubilized by 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein antigens of M pulmonis separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis were blotted onto nitrocellulose strips. Specific-pathogen-free rats were inoculated intranasally with M pulmonis. The serum samples of these rats were obtained periodically and used to react with fractionated M pulmonis antigens which were fixed on the nitrocellulose strips. The antigen-antibody reactions were further recognized by 125I-labeled antiglobulin. Detection of immunoreactive antigens was obtained by autoradiography. Antibody response was not detected in serum obtained 7 days after rats were inoculated, and by 14 days, a slight response to several proteins was found. At 28 days after rats were inoculated, many immunoreactive antigens were detected. Generally, antibodies against antigens of moderate to low molecular weight appeared early in the infection, and antibodies against antigens of high molecular weight appeared late. Important immunoreactive antigens thus identified can readily be distinguished from more than 58 different M pulmonis antigens detectable by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The humoral antibody response was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immunoglobulin G antibodies were initially detected at low level at 7 days after rats were inoculated. These humoral antibody responses reached maximum by 28 days. The increase in serum antibody titer corresponded with numbers of immunoreactive antigens detected by immunoradio-binding assay. The information gained by this investigation may improve our understanding of the antigenicity of M pulmonis and the immune response of rats exposed to M pulmonis.     

Use of a toxoid vaccine to protect goats against intradermal challenge exposure to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Two groups of male, 9-week-old goats (5 goats/group) were vaccinated subcutaneously with formalized exotoxin of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Each goat was given 2 vaccinations, 2 weeks apart. At each vaccination, each group 1 goat was given 0.5 ml of toxoid, and each group 2 goat was given 1 ml of toxoid. Twenty days after the 2nd vaccination, vaccinated goats and 5 nonvaccinated 12-week-old goats (controls) were inoculated intradermally (challenge exposed) with live C pseudotuberculosis, monitored for 13 weeks, and euthanatized. At necropsy, 5 of the 10 vaccinated goats did not have C pseudotuberculosis lesions, 3 had abscesses limited to the inoculation site and draining lymph node, and 2 had disseminated bacterial lesions. Of the 5 nonvaccinated controls, 4 had disseminated abscesses and 1 had a single abscess in an internal node. Serologically, 9 of the 10 vaccinated goats developed positive (greater than or equal to 1:8) antibody titers against the exotoxin within 1 week after inoculation; the 10th goat seroconverted 2 weeks after inoculation, whereas control goats required 3 weeks to develop a positive antibody response. Therefore, early during an infection with C pseudotuberculosis, antibodies against the exotoxin may protect a goat against spread of the organism. All goats were injected intradermally before challenge exposure, 10 days after challenge exposure, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after challenge exposure with a skin-test reagent composed of fragmented bacterial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Experimental studies on the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini for the respiratory tract of goats.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini were the species of Mollicutes most commonly isolated from 175 goats with respiratory disease in Ontario. The pathogenicity of M. ovipneumoniae, strain B321B and M. arginini, strain D53e, was assessed in goats following endobronchial inoculation. One out of three two year old goats developed fever after inoculation with a pure culture of strain B321B, and it had extensive subacute fibrinous pleuritis when necropsied three weeks later. Neither of the remaining goats had lesions in the respiratory tract. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was recovered from one of the animals four days after inoculation, but not at necropsy from any of the goats, at which time a marked humoral immune response with growth inhibiting antibodies was detected. In a second experiment three four to five week old goats were inoculated with the same strain and three other goats were given placebo treatment. One experimental goat developed fever and coughing, and it had extensive subacute fibrinous pleuritis in the right side and pneumonia. Another goat had focal pneumonia in the left diaphragmatic lobe. Microscopically there was subacute hyperplastic suppurative bronchiolitis, atelectasis and nonsuppurative alveolitis. The infected animals did not clear the mycoplasma and not all of them produced antibodies. Mycoplasma arginini, strain D53e, did not induce lesions in any of four goat kids within 14 days after inoculation but did cause transient elevations in rectal temperature, circulating monocytes, circulating neutrophils and blood fibrinogen. Mycoplasma arginini was infective and immunogenic for all inoculated animals and showed a particular affinity for the tonsil. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that M. ovipneumoniae is pathogenic for goats causing pneumonia and pleuritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)