孕马血清促性腺激素单克隆抗体的研制

用高纯度孕马血清促性腺激素免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，加完全佐剂进行基础免疫，第７日脾脏免疫，第１０日取血测滴度，为阳性则取出脾脏，将脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０细胞融合，培养并用琼脂单扩法筛选抗体生成孔，ＥＬＩＳＡ复测，得孕马血清促性腺激素抗体阳性杂交瘤细胞株Ｄ６Ｃ１０。经降植烷予处理的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠腹腔注射Ｄ６Ｃ１０，腹水单抗滴度１０＾６。瘤细胞ＤＮＡ含量测定证实为脾和骨髓瘤细胞的杂交瘤细胞。单抗亚型分析为Ｉ     

应用H—Y单克隆抗体鉴定小鼠和家兔胚胎性别

以Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６雄性小鼠的脾细胞免疫同雌性小鼠，选择免疫应答反应较好的雌性小鼠４只，取其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞进行融合的杂交瘤细胞经过３次克隆，筛选出了２株能够分泌Ｈ－Ｙ抗体的杂交瘤细胞系ＨＹＡ１和ＨＹＡ２，其分泌的相应抗体分别名为ＨＹａ１和ＨＹａ２。琼脂双扩散试验表明，ＨＹａ１和ＨＹａ２分别属于ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ亚类。胚间接免疫荧炮分析及胚胎细胞毒试验表明，ＨＹａ１和ＨＹａ２分别属于ＩｇＭ和Ｉ     

具有中和活性的减蛋综合征病毒单抗的研制

用减蛋综合征病毒毒株ＷＰＤＶ２０５纯化抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，在最后一次免疫后第３天取脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０细胞在ＰＥＧ－４０００的作用下融合。用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ初步筛选出阳性克隆１０株（４Ｂ１、１Ｄ４、２Ｄ６、３Ｄ６、３Ａ５、２Ａ１、３Ｃ６、３Ｃ１、１Ｂ３和２Ｃ５）。这些杂交瘤细胞经克隆化和再次检测后生产腹水，用微量细胞中和试验筛选出具有中和活性的单克抗隆体４株（４Ｂ１、３Ｃ１、３Ｃ６和２Ｃ５），其     

分泌抗赭曲霉素A单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用赭曲霉素Ａ（ＯＡ）－ＢＳＡ合成抗原免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，取免疫鼠脾细胞与ｓｐ２／０细胞融合，通过克隆和ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，建立三株泌抗ＯＡ单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株（３Ｃ１２，１Ｄ１２和２Ｇ７）。用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定，细胞上清液抗体效价为１２８＾×（３Ｃ１２）和６４＾×（１Ｄ１２和２Ｇ７）腹水抗体效价为１０＾－７（３Ｃ１２，１Ｄ１２）和１０＾－６（２Ｇ７）。三株单抗（ＭｃＡｂ）均属ＩｇＧ类，分泌抗体     

禽病原性大肠杆菌I型菌毛单克隆抗体的研制及其对分离株的检测

从禽病原性大肠杆菌分离株ＴＫ３（Ｏ１）提取Ｉ型菌毛免疫ＢＡＩＢ／ｃ小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得４株能稳定分泌针对Ｉ型菌毛的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为ａＢ６、ｂＧ５、ｃＦ３和ｃＧ３。单克隆阻断甘露糖敏血凝试验,免疫胶体金和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ试验证明,单抗是Ｉ型菌毛特异的。这些单抗培养上清及腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价为分别为１０＾－２～１０＾－３和１０＾－５～１０＾－６;腹水的平     

抗绵羊肺炎支原体单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用绵羊肺炎支原体（ＭＯ）抗原免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，取血清抗体阳性免疫鼠的脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在聚乙二醇作用下进行融合，产生杂交瘤细胞、用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法对杂交瘤细胞生长孔上清液进行检测，筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株．以有限稀释法克隆１～２次，得到６株分泌抗绵羊肺炎支原体抗原的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞株．选择抗体分泌较高的１４Ａ６、７Ａ２７、Ｂ３８进行了较详细的研究，结果表明，其核内染色体数为９４～９６．抗体属性是：１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ、２株为ＩｇＧ１．用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法对３株ＭｃＡｂ作符异性分析、该ＭｃＡｂ只特异地与绵羊肺炎支原体抗原发生反应，而不与猪肺炎支原体、山羊无乳症支原体抗原发生反应．将杂交瘤细胞注射ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠诱生腹水．其抗体效价提高１００倍．杂交瘤细胞在液氮中保存１～２年后复苏仍能稳定地分泌抗绵羊肺炎支原体ＭｃＡｂ。     

抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗的制备与应用

应用提取纯化的抗ＩＢＤＶＩｇＧ免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测筛选，经有限稀释法克隆２次，获得２株（２Ｂ６株，５Ｆ４株）分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，其能诱生ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠产生高效价的含抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的腹水。用此独特型抗体分别与福氏完全佐剂、福氏不完全佐剂按１∶１比例乳化制备成抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体疫苗，免疫接种ＳＰＦ鸡和普通京白公鸡，然后用ＩＢＤＶ野毒株经点眼和滴鼻方式攻毒，保护率分别为８／８、１４／１４，从而证实抗独特型抗体疫苗有潜在的研究和应用价值。     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体中和株的建立

将纯化的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）组织毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ，病毒中和试验检测分泌抗体，获得了６株稳定分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ单隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞，命名为ＮＩＢ－１，ＮＩＢ－２，ＮＩＢ－３，ＮＩＢ－４，ＮＩＢ－５，ＮＩＢ－６；６株ＭＣＡｂ均具ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性，亚类鉴定表明，前４株属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，后２株属于ＩｇＧ１。杂交瘤细胞冻存６个月后复苏，均     

抗奶牛衣原体单克隆抗杂交瘤细胞朱的建立

将奶牛衣原体抗原免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在聚乙二醇作用下融合,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ试验筛选,以有限稀释法克隆３次,得到６株分泌抗奶牛衣原体单克隆抗体,选择抗体分泌较高的Ｃ３、Ｆ＾２３、Ａ株进行详细的研究。     

抗兔轮状病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用小鼠骨髓瘤细胞与经兔轮状病毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ系小鼠脾细胞进行融合，融合成功率为２２％。经间接酶联免疫吸附试验和斑点酶联免疫筛选杂交瘤细胞，阳性率为２９％左右。对其中６株强阳性的杂交瘤细胞进行了亚克隆，获得高产亚克隆杂交瘤细胞，用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠生产了腹水，鉴定后选取２株强阳性高效价的杂交瘤细胞，以ＥＬＩＳＡ阻断试验检验其分泌抗体的特异性，以直接ＥＬＩＳＡ测其敏感性，用琼脂双扩散试验鉴定类和亚类     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -