碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛酸过多性胃肠弛缓的治疗效果

对１２０例前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气、瘤胃酸中毒、瓣胃阻塞、皱胃阻塞、肠便秘等以胃肠弛缓为临床特征的病牛投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３５０ｇ，ＮａＨＣＯ３４２０ｇ，ＫＣｌ２０ｇ，ＮａＣｌ１００ｇ，常水１０Ｌ），观察了其治疗效果。碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛胃肠弛缓性疾病平均治愈率达９５％，平均投用方剂数为（１．４±０．５）付。结果表明，对起因于胃肠酸碱环境改变的酸过多性胃肠弛缓疾病投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂，可有效纠正病牛胃肠弛缓状态，从而为反刍兽胃肠弛缓开辟了新的防治途径，创立了又一个病因疗法。     

反刍兽胃肠弛缓动物模型的建立及治疗实验

利用瘤胃、盲肠造瘘羊，投给０．４５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸１Ｌ或０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠溶液１Ｌ，成功地复制了胃肠弛缓模型，胃肠弛缓至少持续４ｈ。投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂（ＣＢＭ）或醋酸盐缓冲合剂（ＡＢＭ），能迅速纠正实验性胃肠弛缓羊瘤胃内容物的ｐＨ值，恢复瘤胃电、肠电的活动性，解除胃肠弛缓。健康羊投服ＣＢＭ或ＡＢＭ，瘤胃内环境参数呈一时性异常，持续时间不超过１ｈ，且可自行缓解。由此表明，瘤胃内环境特别是酸碱度的相对恒定，对维持瘤胃乃至肠道的运动性至关重要，瘤胃内容物酸度或碱度增高，会降低胃肠的运动性，引发胃肠弛缓；投服ＣＢＭ或ＡＢＭ能迅速纠正酸过多性或碱过多性胃肠弛缓。     

役牛原发性前胃弛缓与自由基代谢和胃肠激素的关系

将６０例役牛原发性前胃弛缓根据临床症状分为消化不良型（３３例）和外感型（２７例），以１３例健康役牛作为对照，研究了原发性前胃弛缓和自由基代谢相关指标超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＨＳ－Ｐｘ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）及其胃肠道激素胃泌素（ＧＡＳ）、胃动素（ＭＴＬ）的关系。结果表明，原发性前胃弛缓病牛不论消化不良型还是外感型，血清ＳＯＤ与ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力较健康对照组牛显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１），血清ＭＤＡ含量较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）；两种类型前胃弛缓病牛血浆ＧＡＳ、ＭＴＬ均较健康对照极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），消化不良型前胃弛缓病牛血清ＧＡＳ和ＭＴＬ又明显低于外感型前胃弛缓病牛（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示役牛原发性前胃弛缓的发生、发展与体内自由代谢失去平衡和胃肠道激素的变化有一定相关性。     

甲基硫酸新斯的明和氨甲酰胆碱对实验性胃肠弛缓的效应

观察了拟胆碱药甲基硫酸新斯的明和氨甲酰胆碱对健康羊和实验性胃肠弛缓羊瘤胃内环境参数和胃肠电活动性的效应，以及碳酸盐缓冲合剂（ＣＢＭ）和醋酸盐缓冲合剂（ＡＢＭ）配合新斯的明对实验性胃肠弛缓的治疗效应。上述２种药物均可增强健康羊瘤胃电、盲肠电活动性，但效应不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），且作用时间短暂（０．５～１．０ｈ）。单纯使用新斯的明不能纠正实验性酸碱性胃肠弛缓，配合应用ＣＢＭ或ＡＢＭ亦无促进或辅助治疗作用。结果表明，起因于胃肠内环境特别是酸碱度改变的胃肠弛缓可能不伴有副交感神经兴奋性降低，可不使用拟胆碱类药物。     

当归苁蓉汤治疗牛前胃病

牛前胃病主要包括前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食和瘤胃臌气.笔者用"当归苁蓉汤"治疗慢性瘤胃积食和虚弱型前胃弛缓病牛215例,治愈198例,治愈率达92%.     

高渗氯化钠可治疗奶牛多种疾病

高渗氯化钠可治疗奶牛多种疾病黑龙江安达农民中专（１５１４００）姚允绂１治疗奶牛内科病１．１兴奋瘤胃，促进胃肠蠕动：奶牛患有前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气等病程中，胃的蠕动功能下降，高渗氯化钠注射液有兴奋瘤胃、促进胃肠蠕动作用。临床上可用１０％氯化钠注射...     

碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛酸过多性胃肠弛缓的治疗效果

为进一步验证碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛胃肠弛缓自然病例的治疗效果 ,对前胃弛缓 (5 2例 )、瘤胃积食 (42例 )、瘤胃酸中毒 (18例 )、瓣胃秘结 (6例 )、肠便秘 (2例 )等以酸过多性胃肠弛缓为临床特征的 12 0例病牛投服了碳酸盐缓冲合剂 (Na2 CO35 0 g,Na HCO342 0 g,KCl 2 0 g,Na Cl 10 0 g,常水 10 L )。结果平均治愈率高达 95 % ,平均投用方剂数为(1.4± 0 .5 )付。从而认为 ,对起因于胃肠酸碱环境改变的酸过多性胃肠弛缓疾病投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂可有效纠正胃肠弛缓状态 ,为反刍兽胃肠弛缓开辟了新的防治途径 ,创立了又一个病因 -发病机理疗法 ,     

奶牛胃弛缓与瘤胃积食的治疗

奶牛胃弛缓与瘤胃积食的治疗王振学（哈尔滨市呼兰县兽医院１５０５００）对奶牛前胃性弛缓和瘤胃积食（食滞）所引起的食欲、反刍、和泌乳减少或停止的治疗。应按具体情况，施行合理的、科学的对症方法。自１９５４～１９９４年的４０年间，笔者临床诊断约２４００多例，...     

牛前胃疾病的综合防治

牛前胃疾病主要有前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气、瘤胃酸中毒、瓣胃阻塞和创伤性网胃炎。这类病是牛胃肠机能障碍中的常见多发病,在牛饲养场及专业养殖户,当饲养管理不当时,更容易得这类病,故对牛的养殖业有很大影响。现将前胃弛缓、瘤胃臌气、瘤胃酸中毒、瘤胃积食和瓣胃阻塞防治作综合叙述。     

中西医结合治疗牛前胃炎的体会

<正>牛前胃炎多继发于瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气、前胃弛缓、百叶干、真胃阻塞等胃肠疾病,以瘤胃积食引起者居多,是牛消化系统的常发病,发病率高,常因治疗不     

腰交感神经干阻断对羊实验性胃肠弛缓的效应

为探索胃肠弛缓与交感神经机能状态的关系，观察了腰交感神经干阻断对健康羊和实验性胃肠弛缓羊胃肠运动机能的影响，并比较了碳酸盐缓冲合剂或醋酸盐缓冲合剂配合腰交感神经干阻断对酸过多性或碱过多性胃肠弛缓羊胃肠内环境参数、电活动性及植物神经调控指标的影响。结果表明，腰交感神经干阻断对健康羊胃肠电活动性影响不大；单纯腰交感神经干阻断对实验性胃肠弛缓无明显治疗效应；碳酸盐缓冲合剂或醋酸盐缓冲合剂配合腰交感神经干阻断对实验性胃肠弛缓的恢复亦无促进或辅助作用。由此认为，在起因于胃肠内环境特别是酸碱度改变的胃肠弛缓，交感神经兴奋性过高可能不是主要的致病因素。     

玉朴二皮散加减对奶牛前胃弛缓和瘤胃积食的疗效观察

着重从动物临床医学实践出发,介绍了奶牛前胃弛缓和瘤胃积食的发病症候和治疗方案,旨在总结中西医结合治疗奶牛前胃弛缓和瘤胃积食的新方法.     

Diagnostic and prognostic indicators of omasal impaction in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Twelve of 46 female buffaloes with abdominal disorders were diagnosed with omasal impaction. They had been fed finely chopped machine-prepared straw. They were characterised by anorexia, an absence of defecation, abdominal distension, ruminal hypomotility or atony and a suspension of rumination. Omasal impaction was confirmed upon left flank laparorumenotomy on the basis of the size of the omasum and the consistency of its contents. After ruminal evacuation, a long flexible pipe was introduced through the reticulo-omasal orifice and the omasal contents were flushed back into the rumen with water under moderate pressure. Hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and hypophosphataemia were consistent features in most cases. However, two buffaloes that later died had lower levels of plasma chloride, no reticulo-omasal orifice tone and were in an advanced stage of pregnancy. The level of total protein in peritoneal fluid was higher than normal, but the total white cell count was within the normal range. All the animals started passing faeces 36 to 48 hours after surgery. The presence of reticulo-omasal orifice tone and a plasma chloride level above 75 mmol/l were indicators of a good prognosis.     

中药复方对山羊的影响:Ⅳ·瘤胃内环境参数

试验旨在研究中药复方对山羊瘤胃内环境参数的影响。选择6头健康的体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的周岁大足黑山羊羯羊,按3×3重复拉丁方试验设计。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个处理组分别在基础日粮上给每头羊日喂15 g复方Ⅰ和复方Ⅱ(由藿香、苍术、黄柏和生石膏等中药按不同比例组成)。结果表明:2种复方对山羊瘤胃pH及氨氮浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05);复方Ⅰ能极显著提高山羊瘤胃内丁酸浓度及丁酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的比例(P<0.01),显著提高山羊瘤胃内乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸等浓度(P<0.05),而复方Ⅱ仅能显著提高山羊瘤胃内丁酸浓度(P<0.05)。结果提示,2种复方均能改善山羊瘤胃内环境状况,且复方Ⅰ作用效果优于复方Ⅱ。     

Origin of abomasum gas in the cows with displaced abomasum

The gas composition of the rumen and the abomasum were investigated in 71 cows including 25 cows with displaced abomasum. The ratio of methane (CH4) to CO2 in the abomasum gas was higher than that in the rumen. In the incubated mixtures of fresh rumen fluid, CH4 was detected at a high concentration, while a small amount of CO2 and CH4 was found in incubated mixtures of fresh abomasum fluids. Hence, it was suggested that the gas in the abomasum originated not from the abomasum itself but from the rumen. In cows fed with mixed roughages and concentrates, the rumen CO2:CH4 ratio was higher compared with cows fed with roughages alone. Marked changes in rumen gas composition were presumed to be associated with changes in abomasum gas composition. Consequently, it is possible that feeding a large quantity of concentrates may increase the flow rate of the ingesta through the forestomach, so that the return rate of gas separated from the ingesta in the abomasum to the forestomach may also increase. Therefore, the frequent accumulation of a large amount of gas with concomitant changes in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the abomasum caused abomasal atony and subsequently displaced abomasum.     

Morphological study of the Forestomach of the Japanese Serow (Capricomis crispus)

Details of the morphology of the forestomach of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) were examined macroscopically, and by light and scanning electron microscopy. The rumen was sac-like in shape, and the right accessory longitudinal groove was not visible externally. The reticulum was relatively small, while the omasum was oval and large. Inside the rumen, even in the dorsal sac, the ruminal papillae were densely distributed, although absent on the pillars. The caudodorsal coronary pillar was indistinct. In the ruminoreticular fold, ruminal papillae were observed even on the reticulum side. In the reticulum, the primary reticular fold was apparent and the ill-defined secondary folds were also detected in some reticular cells. In the omasum, the omasal laminae of four sizes were recognized. The fourth order of laminae was occasionally absent. Histological sections of ruminal papillae revealed that softly keratinized epithelium covered the entire ruminal mucosa. In the reticulum, soft keratinized epithelium was observed throughout, with the exception of the tips of reticular papillae on which the epithelium showed evidence of hard keratinization. The epithelium of the omasal laminae was moderately keratinized. On the floor of the reticular groove, interlaminar area and in the omasal groove, the accumulations of numerous eosinophilic cells were observed in the superficial region. Under the scanning electron microscope, shallow transverse grooves were seen on the surface of the ruminal papillae. In general, the surface structure seemed to be similar to that of sheep rather than cattle. Cellular formations of the collagen fibrils were observed at the subepithelial region. In conclusion, examination of the forestomach allows classification of the Japanese serows as requiring an intermediate type of feeding habit and being between concentrate selectors and grass-roughage eaters from a morphological view.     

不同水平螺旋藻对奶牛瘤胃内环境及日粮营养成分降解率的影响

[目的]为了探索不同水平螺旋藻对奶牛瘤胃pH值、氨氮浓度和日粮营养成分瘤胃降解率的影响。[方法]本试验选择三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计进行饲养试验。试验处理S1组为基础日粮,S2组为基础日粮＋0.09%DM螺旋藻,S3组为基础日粮＋0.15%DM螺旋藻。[结果]添加0.09%和0.15%DM的螺旋藻对瘤胃pH值无显著影响（P〉0.05）,有降低氨氮浓度趋势,但与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）;两个添加组对日粮DM瘤胃有效降解率也没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,但显著提高了日粮NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）,0.15%DM螺旋藻还可显著降低日粮CP瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）。[结论]表明适量添加螺旋藻不影响奶牛瘤胃发酵内环境,但具有显著提高日粮纤维物质的瘤胃降解率和降低日粮蛋白质降解作用。     

Severe thiamine deficiency in sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis

BACKGROUND: Thiamine status of ruminants is adversely affected in acidic rumen conditions. However, there have been limited published case study data related to thiamine deficiency of ruminants with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). HYPOTHESIS: Thiamine deficiency would occur in sheep with ARLA. ANIMALS: Thirteen Ak-Karaman (white Karaman) sheep with ARLA, aged 1 year (ARLA group) and 10 healthy Ak-Karaman sheep, aged 1 year (control group) were used. METHODS: After clinical examination, rumen fluid samples of all sheep were obtained with a stomach tube and examined immediately. Blood samples were taken from a jugular vein of the sheep. Erythrocytic transketolase enzyme activity and hence thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect were determined according to Clausen's method. RESULTS: History revealed that all sheep in the ARLA group had accidentally consumed excessive amounts of cracked barley. During clinical examination of the ARLA group, disturbed general condition, engorged scleral vessels, moderate to severe dehydration, and ruminal atony were recorded in the sheep. The results of the ruminal fluid analyses of the ARLA group demonstrated characteristics of ARLA. The results of clinical and ruminal fluid examination of control group were normal. The mean TPP effect (%) in the ARLA group (109 +/- 28) was significantly higher than in the control group (22.2 +/- 3.7) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The present study revealed that severe thiamine deficiency occurred in sheep with ARLA. This result indicates that thiamine administration to sheep suffering from acute ruminal acidosis caused by overconsumption of readily fermentable carbohydrates could be beneficial in alleviating thiamine deficiency caused by ruminal acidosis.