基于大系统分解协调技术的中小型圩区除涝排水规划探讨

以某圩区为例,依据中小型圩区排涝泵站的特点,以排涝泵站开机机组耗电费用最少为目标函数,以各时段机组开机台数为决策变量,特定排水标准下的排水水量为约束条件.采用大系统分解协调的方法,探讨了在满足特定排涝设计标准下该圩区内排涝泵站最优运行方式,对提高圩区排涝泵站管理水平,减少运行费用有一定的指导作用.     

江汉平原汈汊湖区排涝标准的研究

江汉平原汈汊湖区排涝标准的研究姬晓辉（武汉水利电力学院水利系武汉４３００７２）本文从排涝标准影响因素的分析入手，结合江汉平原湖区典型排涝系统的实际情况，对排涝标准的定义作了全面的分析，并提出求排涝标准的方法。１排涝标准影响因素的分析以前认为，排涝标准...     

排涝泵站经济决策方法研究

针对目前平原湖区排涝泵站更新改造经济评价及经济决策的需要,在分析排涝泵站经济效益计算方法中一些片面甚至错误观点的基础上,从系统分析观点出发提出的排涝泵站经济效益计算方法及经济决策方法合理可行,为排涝泵站投资和经济决策及管理提供了依据。通过实例分析研究验证了所提出的计算方法的正确性和可行性,发现了各项经济指标的规律性,优选出了各要素之间的最佳协调点或区间,得到了排涝泵站更新改造的最优方案和控制面积比及其相应最优规模,对排涝泵站的兴建及调度管理均有实用价值,对当前排涝泵站更新改造的经济评价及规模决策,具有实际指导价值和现实意义。     

中小型灌区排涝泵站优化运行模式探讨

以靖江市孤山灌区为例,依据中小型提水灌区排涝泵站的特点,分别以排涝泵站开机机组总耗能最少、能耗率最低为目标函数,采用按开机机组装置效率最大和动态规划的方法,探讨了在满足特定排涝设计标准下孤山灌区内自成排水体系的竖河大港排水片排涝泵站最优运行方式,对提高中小型提排灌区泵站管理水平,减少能源浪费有一定的指导作用。     

圩区现状排涝标准反演分析研究

分析圩区的现状排涝能力和现状排涝标准,对于合理评估除涝减灾效益,探讨相应的治理对策具有重要现实意义。探讨了圩区现状排涝能力的影响因素,并对现状排涝能力的测算方法进行系统论述;借鉴平均排除法计算排涝模数的过程,提出用现状排涝模数反推典型降雨量,进而反演现状排涝标准。     

排涝泵站远程监控系统设计方案探

介绍了明山—大东口电排排涝区大垸内泵站、小抽水站、涵闸等系统概况，以及该系统的规划方案，集中控制、远程传输监控及现地控制的功能特点。运用现代信息与遥感技术对泵站动态信息实施统计，改进各地泵站排涝调度静态方案为计算机动态化实时控制系统，实现各级管理单位对所控内湖动态库容有预测、预调功能。     

中小圩口水利规划中排涝装机容量的计算

根据水利规划编制工作中的体会，阐述了确定排涝站装机容量应注意的几个问题；排涝扬程应考虑长江水位出现的机率，适当增加沟塘的滞蓄能力，可减少排涝装机，提高排涝标准。     

PLC在盐官站闸排涝工程计算机监控系统中的应用

1概述目前,我国大型泵站的计算机监控系统,一般为采集数据,控制的部分相当少。‘在位于浙江省海宁市盐官镇以东钱塘江畔的国家重点大型站闸排涝工程中,使用可编程控制器PLC作为下位机进行测控,很大程度上提高了站闸排涝工程的自动化水平,为．今后大型站闸排涝工程甚至其它领域自动化的实现提供一定的参考。本文介绍盐官站闸排涝工程中的计算机监控系统,主要介绍排涝闸部分的下位机部分。2计算机监控系统的作用、结构盐官站闸排涝工程的排涝闸部分有六个闸孔,每个闸孔有前后两扇闸门,共12扇闸门。当排涝时上游（内河）水位高于下…     

基于水动力耦合模型的平原地区排涝规划

针对滨海平原感潮河网地区水系流态复杂、受边界条件和工程调度影响显著的特点,遵循充分发掘水系调蓄能力、多闸联调和水闸优先抢排的原则,对感潮河网和湖泊分别构建一维和二维水动力数学模型,利用2种模型模拟水位、流量相等的条件,对一维和二维水动力数学模型进行耦合.以辽东湾新区水系排涝规划为例,对4种设计方案进行了分析对比,得出了河道断面和排涝闸门规模.结果表明：方案一和方案二中,河道断面尺寸不变时,排涝闸门规模偏小,造成上游水位偏高;方案三和方案四中,排涝闸门规模不变时,扩大河道断面尺寸对域内水位影响不大.从排涝能力和经济等角度综合考虑,选取方案四为最优方案.计算结果较好地反映了滨海平原感潮河网地区河道断面尺寸和排涝闸门规模对排涝能力的影响,可为区域工程设计和制定排涝方案提供技术保障.     

大型湖泊防洪排涝方略探讨

针对平原湖区大型湖泊调度管理现实需要及在防洪排涝中的作用,在分析湖泊现状及作用的基础上,从系统分析观点出发阐述了大型湖泊在平原湖区防洪排涝中的关键作用,探讨了湖泊的防洪排涝调度及治理方略,建议将大型湖泊纳入整体防洪排涝系统统一规划和调度,按平原水库型湖泊进行治理建设和管理,使湖泊和分蓄洪区发挥最大调蓄及分蓄洪作用,使整体防洪排涝系统发挥最大作用和效益,提高湖泊在平原湖区防洪排涝中的地位和作用,加大大型湖泊的建设管理力度,为湖泊调度管理和治理决策提供科学依据。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。