豫陕两省14株鸡杆菌的gyrB、16S rRNA和rpoB基因序列比较分析

分析河南、陕西分离的14株鸡杆菌(Gallibacterium)之间的进化关系,及gyrB基因序列比较在该菌进化分析中的作用。PCR扩增鸡杆菌分离株的gyrB、16SrRNA和rpoB3个看家基因,PCR产物纯化后直接测序。将鸡杆菌分离株、国外参考株的3个看家基因序列进行比较分析,用Phylip 3.67软件构建进化树。结果表明,14株鸡杆菌与鸭源鸡杆菌(Gallibacterium anatis)模式株间的相似性为96.3%～98.0%(gyrB)、97.7%～99.6%(16SrRNA)和97.7%～99.0%(rpoB);14株鸡杆菌与鸡杆菌复合群1(Gallibacterium genomosp.1)参考株间的相似性为88.8%～89.9%(gyrB)、96.2%～97.5%(16SrRNA)和92.6%～93.6%(rpoB)。基于3个看家基因序列的进化分析,均显示14株鸡杆菌和鸭源鸡杆菌模式株形成单独的一个群。14株鸡杆菌分离株均属于鸭源鸡杆菌种;在3个看家基因位点,鸡杆菌河南株与陕西株之间、鸡杆菌输卵管炎病鸡分离株与健康鸡分离株之间均无明显遗传上的差异;gyrB基因序列分析可用于鸡杆菌分离株的种类鉴定,且对14株鸡杆菌与复合群1参考株的区别能力优于另外2个看家基因。     

鸭源鸡杆菌双重PCR检测方法的初步建立

为建立鸭源鸡杆菌(G.anatis)双重PCR检测方法,并对鸡杆菌分离株进行种类鉴定,本研究根据GenBank中G.anatis12656-12株的gtxA基因序列设计一对PCR引物,合成扩增rpoB基因的引物作为内参基因,建立了G.anatis双重PCR检测方法.检测结果显示:以G.anatis Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG株DNA为模板进行的双重PCR检测能够扩增出两条目的片段;其它16株细菌包括副鸡禽杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、福氏志贺菌和奇异变形杆菌均只扩增出了一条目的片段;该方法可以检测到浓度为6.5×102 cfu/mL的G.anatis;34株鸡杆菌分离株均扩增出了两条预期大小的目的片段.此外,序列分析结果表明,10株鸡杆菌河南分离株的rpoB基因序列与鸭源鸡杆菌种参考株(CCUG15563)的同源性最高(97.5％～99.0％),属于鸭源鸡杆菌种.本研究建立的G.anatis双重PCR检测方法,可用于含gtxA基因鸡杆菌菌株的鉴定及临床病原学诊断.     

2株B型副鸡禽杆菌的分离鉴定

2010年3月、2011年12月分别从北京平谷、延庆疑似鸡传染性鼻炎的病鸡体内各分离到1株细菌,根据发病鸡群的临床症状、细菌分离培养、形态观察、过氧化氢酶试验、革兰氏染色结合动物回归试验、免疫攻毒试验和PCR等方法初步鉴定为副鸡禽杆菌(Apg);同时将分离菌株送匈牙利诗华研发中心进行分型鉴定,确定为B型副鸡禽杆菌,根据分离地点将分离菌株命名为B型副鸡禽杆菌(平谷株和延庆株).通过GenBank与已经发表的Apg基因序列进行同源性比对分析,结果显示,平谷株、延庆株基因序列同源性达到99.6％,而与参考株Modesto的基因核苷酸序列同源性达到98.3％、98.8％.     

副鸡嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及16SrRNA序列分析

从云南省和四川省规模化养鸡场鸡传染性鼻炎疑似病例鸡鼻窦分离到2株革兰氏阴性小杆菌,并对其进行生化鉴 定、PCR鉴定和16SrRNA序列比对鉴定.16SrRNA分析表明两分离株与GenBank中的其他副鸡嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus paragallinarum,HPg)参考株核苷酸同源性为94.2％～99.2％.两分离菌株鉴定为副鸡嗜血杆菌,分别命名为YNAN20120110和SCPZH20120120株.16SrRNA遗传进化关系表明:分离株与NAD非依赖型副鸡嗜血杆菌血清A型代表株GU951543(HP105strain)的16SrRNA序列位于一个分支上,遗传进化关系最近,它们之间的核苷酸同源性为99.2％;与副鸡嗜血杆菌血清A型参考株AY498867(0083株)核苷酸同源性为96.9％.致病性实验表明分离菌株对成年产蛋鸡有强致病性.抗生素药物敏感试验表明:分离菌株对头孢吡肟、头孢噻吩、氯霉素、卡那霉素和氧氟沙星高敏,对四环素中敏,对磺胺甲唑耐药.     

新城疫病毒山东分离株ShD-5-06 F和HN基因序列分析

从山东济南某非典型新城疫发病鸡群中分离到一株新城疫病毒株（ShD-5—06）,研究其生物学特性表明,该病毒具有新城疫强毒株的一些特征。从该分离株扩增出其F和HN基因,并与标准株进行同源性比较,为探讨NDV是否发生变异提供理论依据。本试验通过RT—PCR法特异性地扩增出F和HN基因全基因序列,并对其与已经发表的序列进行核苷酸序列测定和分析。结果表明,ShD-5—06株的F和HN基因开放性阅读框架（ORF）为1662bp和1716bp,分别编码489个和571个氨基酸。与国外发表的部分新城疫病毒强毒株和弱毒株之间相应序列进行比较,F基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84．1％～88．7％之间,氨基酸同源性在88．1％～93．3％之间;HN基因核苷酸序列的同源性在82．19,5～87．4％之间,氨基酸同源性在88．6％～90．9%之间;F蛋白裂解位点区（112～117）氨基酸组成与强毒株一致,说明NDV山东分离株（ShD-5—06）为新城疫强毒株。     

A型副鸡嗜血杆菌(山东株)的分离与鉴定

2011年11月,山东某肉鸡场发生以肉鸡眼睑及眶下窦周围明显肿胀为主要特征的传染性疾病。从采集的发病鸡眶下窦中分离到1株细菌,根据发病鸡群的临床症状、细菌的分离培养、形态观察、过氧化氢酶试验、革兰氏染色、动物回归试验、免疫攻毒试验和PCR等方法初步鉴定为副鸡嗜血杆菌(Hpg)。此外通过分离菌株的水平传播试验结果表明,造成该鸡场Hpg的水平传播和鸡传染性鼻炎的反复发作与饲养密度有很大的关系。最后将分离菌株送匈牙利诗华研发中心进行分型鉴定,确定为A型副鸡嗜血杆菌。根据分离地点将分离菌株命名为A型副鸡嗜血杆菌(山东株)。另外通过与GenBank已发表的Hpg基因序列进行同源性比对分析,结果显示,该基因序列与参考株的基因核苷酸序列同源性达99.0%。     

河南部分地区乌鸡群鸭源鸡杆菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

为了解乌鸡中鸡杆菌的流行情况及其分离株的遗传进化特点,从河南信阳和南阳的两个乌鸡场采集棉拭子样品,进行鸡杆菌的分离和荧光定量PCR检测,对分离的菌株进行PCR鉴定、药敏试验和16SrRNA、rpoB及gyrB基因的PCR扩增,随后进行三个管家基因的序列测定分析,利用DNAStar中MegAlign程序计算分离株之间的相似性,利用MEGA5.0构建进化树进行遗传进化分析。结果显示:22只乌鸡中16只为鸭源鸡杆菌阳性,阳性率为72.7%;分离的4株鸡杆菌经鉴定均为鸭源鸡杆菌;4株鸭源鸡杆菌均为多重耐药菌株,只对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星和妥布霉素等药物具有一定的敏感性;分离株与鸭源鸡杆菌的参考菌株相似性分别为99.1%～99.8%(16SrRNA)、85.4%～99.6%(rpoB)、92.7%～99.8%(gyrB);在16SrRNA基因进化树中分离的4株鸭源鸡杆菌与参考鸭源鸡杆菌位于同一分支,在rpoB基因进化树中GAC193分离株与多杀性巴氏杆菌位于同一分支中,与其他鸭源鸡杆菌不在同一分支中,gyrB基因进化树中,GAC017与鸡杆菌基因种1在一个小的分支。结果表明:乌鸡中有鸭源鸡杆菌存在,并具有较高的检出率;从乌鸡中分离到4株鸭源鸡杆菌,这些菌株多重耐药现象严重;分离的部分鸭源鸡杆菌在rpoB和gyrB基因位点具有明显的遗传进化差异。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分离株核衣壳基因克隆、序列分析和真核表达

根据GenBank公开序列自行设计一对引物，采用RT—PCR扩增出鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus，IBV）W和C9001分离株完整的核衣壳（N）基因，并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体进行核苷酸序列测定和分析。结果表明，扩增的2个IBV分离株核衣壳基因片段长度均为1230bp，编码409个氨基酸，彼此间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为88．0％和89．5％，与GenBank中有代表性的参考毒株相应基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较显示，w株核苷酸序列与GenBank中的广东分离株（AY646283）同源性最高，为94．1％，氨基酸序列同源性为94．6％；与国内部分毒株核苷酸序列同源性在86．1％～88．0％之间，氨基酸序列同源性在88．0％～90．7％之间；C9001株与国内部分毒株核苷酸序列同源性在86．4％～99．8％之间，氨基酸序列同源性在88．0％～99．8％之间。从核衣壳基因编码的氨基酸序列的系统进化树可见，W株与C9001株处于不同的进化分枝，亲缘关系较远。同时将核衣壳基因构建于真核表达质粒pVAX1中，用脂质体法将重组质粒转染入COS-7细胞中，间接免疫荧光检测出核衣壳蛋白的体外表达。研究结果为进一步研究IBV核衣壳蛋白的结构与功能以及基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

一株鸭源鸡杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确诊贵州省六盘水市某蛋鸡养殖场乌蒙凤鸡发病的原因,无菌采集病鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏组织进行细菌分离培养,对分离菌进行革兰氏染色镜检、生化试验、16S rRNA基因鉴定及序列分析,并进行药敏试验。结果:分离菌在鲜血琼脂培养基上生长出表面光滑、呈β溶血的灰白色小菌落;菌体形态为两端钝圆的革兰氏阴性短小杆菌;能发酵葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇,过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、氧化酶试验呈阳性; 16S rRNA基因与鸭源鸡杆菌参考菌株的核苷酸同源性高达98.2%～99.6%,且与参考菌株GQ423347.1聚为1支;分离菌株对羧苄西林、氧氟沙星高度敏感,对环丙沙星、多粘菌素B中度敏感。结论:分离菌株鉴定为鸭源鸡杆菌,确诊鸡发病原因为鸭源鸡杆菌感染。     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)在鸭源鸡杆菌快速鉴定中的应用

按照MALDI-TOF MS要求进行56株鸡杆菌分离株的样品制备,点靶并获取样品质谱图,运用Biotyper分析软件对所获取的质谱图鉴定分析;同时对这些菌株进行荧光定量PCR检测、gyrB基因的PCR扩增和序列分析,进行辅助分析鉴定。结果显示,56株鸡杆菌分离株经MALDI-TOF MS和gyrB基因序列分析均鉴定为鸭源鸡杆菌,阳性率为100.0%;荧光定量PCR鉴定出55株鸭源鸡杆菌,阳性率为98.2%(55/56)。结果表明,MALDI-TOF MS可用于鸭源鸡杆菌分离株的快速鉴定,操作简便,准确率高。     

鸡卡氏杆菌的分离与16S rRNA基因的分析鉴定

四川雅安某种鸡场种鸡出现消瘦,腹部膨大,肝脏肿大破裂出血,腹膜和输卵管炎为主要特征的疾病。为诊断和预防此病的发生,通过对细菌分离纯化、形态学观察、生化试验、药物敏感性试验鉴定出1株致病菌,应用通用引物对细菌的16S rRNA基因进行克隆和测序,测序结果于NCBI上进行BLAST比对,选择同源性较高的巴氏杆菌科15个属的29株细菌16S rRNA序列进行比对分析,构建遗传进化树。结果表明,分离纯化的细菌能在血平板上生长,革兰氏染色阴性短杆状,能发酵大多数糖和醇类,对头孢类抗生素敏感,16S rRNA序列与卡氏杆菌属细菌的同源性最高,在92.2%～99.5%之间,特别是与鸭卡氏杆菌同源在97.5%～99.5%之间。遗传进化树分析结果表明,该菌株与卡氏杆菌属细菌属于同一大分类群,与鸭卡氏杆菌位于同一个小分支,最终诊断该鸡场为卡氏杆菌感染。     

Specific identification of Gallibacterium by a PCR using primers targeting the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes

Gallibacterium was recently established as a new genus including organisms previously reported as Pasteurella anatis, [Actinobacillus] salpingitidis and avian Pasteurella haemolytica-like organisms. The aim of the present study was to develop a PCR method allowing unambiguous identification of Gallibacterium. PCR primers positioned in the 16S rRNA (1133fgal) and 23S rRNA (114r) genes were defined and their specificity was subsequently tested on 122 strains. Twenty-five of the strains represented all of the presently available 15 phenotypic variants of Gallibacterium from different geographical locations, 22 other strains represented other poultry associated bacterial species or bacteria which could pose a differential diagnostic problem including members of the families Pasteurellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae, and finally 75 Gallibacterium field strains isolated from Mexican chicken egg-layers. Specific amplicons were generated in all 100 Gallibacterium strains tested, whereas none of the non-Gallibacterium strains tested positive. Correct identification was confirmed by hybridization with the Gallibacterium specific probe GAN850. Two internal amplification control strategies were successfully incorporated into the PCR assay, one based on amplification of the house-keeping gene rpoB (sharing target DNA) and another based on addition of trout DNA (foreign target DNA) and amplification with beta-actin specific primers. In conclusion, the described PCR assay enables specific identification of Gallibacterium and will thus stand as a strong alternative to the present diagnostic methods.     

鸡杆菌中国分离株RAPD分型方法的建立与应用

对9株鸡杆菌进行了血清分型,并应用8条随机引物对该9株鸡杆菌和3个参考菌株(1株巴氏杆菌、1株大肠杆菌和1株链球菌)共12株细菌做随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分型研究。结果显示,9株鸡杆菌分别属于血清Ⅰ型(1/9)、血清Ⅱ型(3/9)和血清Ⅳ型(5/9)。所用8条随机引物中有3条呈现良好的多态性和稳定性,可产生差异显著的指纹图谱。采用SPSS13.0软件分析了不同菌株间的遗传距离,并依此绘制出菌株间的亲缘关系树状图。12株细菌共分为4个聚类群,其中9株鸡杆菌位于同一聚类群中,且又可分为4个聚类亚群。3个参考菌株各自形成一个独立的聚类群。不同血清型的鸡杆菌菌株具有相似的指纹图,同一血清型的菌株指纹图存在差异。结果表明,RAPD基因分型是目前鸡杆菌分子流行病学调查及病原分离鉴定比较理想的方法之一。     

Genetic characterization of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys in dogs in Spain

This paper reports the first genetic characterization of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys in Spain from a naturally infected dog. The dog presented clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, 16S rRNA gene and citrate synthase gene ( gltA) of this agent were amplified. The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of this strain is AY530806. The A. platys strains registered in France and Japan showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained from the Spanish strain. In the amplification of the gltA gene, a 1443 bp fragment was obtained, and three nucleotide differences were detected in comparison with other strains sequences. These data confirm the presence of A. platys in a dog showing clinical signs compatible with ehrlichiosis in Spain.     

45株鸡卡氏杆菌的分离鉴定

通过形态学检查、鉴别培养、Vitek-32全自动细菌鉴定系统、PCR鉴定和序列分析等方法,对101只鸡的10种组织脏器进行细菌分离和鉴定。最终鉴定出45株鸡卡氏杆菌,其中43株分离自输卵管炎产蛋病鸡,2株分离自具有呼吸道病史的产蛋鸡,而从SPF鸡、公鸡及马立克病患鸡体内未能分出卡氏杆菌;分离的卡氏杆菌对庆大霉素、链霉素、氨苄西林、青霉素、强力霉素、诺氟沙星及磺胺类药物等都具有不同程度的耐药性。试验结果表明,卡氏杆菌与产蛋鸡的输卵管炎具有相关性,鸡卡氏杆菌的抗生素耐药现象较普遍,为预防该病原在我国的流行提供了依据。     

First isolation and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Spain

This paper reports the first isolation and culture of Ehrlichia canis in Spain from a naturally infected dog using the DH82 cell line. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, a nearly complete (1412bp) sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the new E. canis strain was obtained. The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of this strain is AY394465. This sequence was aligned with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of other Ehrlichia strains accessible in GenBank. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the E. canis strain reported here showed a high percentage of similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of E. canis from different geographic areas including Japan, Venezuela and Israel. These data confirm the presence of E. canis in Spain.     

Two genetic clusters in swine hemoplasmas revealed by analyses of the 16S rRNA and RNase P RNA genes

Only two hemoplasma species, Eperythrozoon parvum and Mycoplasma suis, have been recognized in pigs. Here we demonstrate the genetic variations among six hemoplasma strains detected from pigs, by analyzing the 16S rRNA and RNase P RNA (rnpB) genes, and propose a novel hemoplasma taxon that has not been described previously. Phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these six hemoplasmas were divided into two clusters representing M. suis and a novel taxon. We further examined the primary and secondary structures of the nucleotide sequences of the rnpB gene of the novel taxon, and found it distinct from that of M. suis. In conclusion, we unveiled a genetic cluster distinct from M. suis, suggesting a new swine hemoplasma species or E. parvum. Our findings also suggest that this novel cluster should be included in the genus Mycoplasma.     

A spirochete isolated from a case of severe virulent ovine foot disease is closely related to a Treponeme isolated from human periodontitis and bovine digital dermatitis

The isolation of spirochetes from severe ovine foot disease has been reported recently by our research group. In this study we describe the preliminary classification of this spirochete based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of this sequence in comparison with other previously reported 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the spirochete belonged to the treponemal phylotype Treponema vincentii which has been associated with bovine digital dermatitis and human periodontal disease. Further work is required to define the common virulence determinants of these closely related treponemes in the aetiology of these tissue destructive diseases.     

Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains

The zoonotic rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum has a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. To investigate the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum strains in the Baltic region and Norway, three species of Ixodidae ticks were examined for A. phagocytophilum infection, and two genes of the pathogen genome were analyzed. Analysis of partial 16S rRNA and partial major surface protein (msp4) gene sequences was accomplished through nested PCR and sequence analysis. Strains identified in this study were compared with those originating from other European countries and the United States. Seven 16S rRNA gene variants and fifteen msp4 gene variants of A. phagocytophilum were detected. Nine sequences had unique nucleotide polymorphisms and therefore differed from other A. phagocytophilum sequences previously submitted to GenBank. The present study represents the first molecular characterization of A. phagocytophum strains circulating in Lithuania and describes the strains detected in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Latvia and Estonia. This is also the first report describing A. phagocytophilum strains isolated from Dermacentor reticulatus ticks.