建筑装饰专业项目化教学的探讨

文章结合建筑装饰专业及相关行业企业的特点,从职业教育的特点出发,以项目化教学的理论为依据,论述了建筑装饰专业项目化教学实施的条件,并分析了目前校企合作存在的问题,提出了解决的设想。     

校企“双元”育人机制下高职会计专业实践教学体系的改革研究与实践

当前,我国经济社会健康有序发展,使得具备管理和创新能力等综合素质的技能型会计专业人才炙手可热,技能型会计人才的紧缺为高职院校会计人才培养提供了方向。互联网、人工智能、大数据在经济中凸显,会计行业专家化、中介化、职业化的发展趋势对会计人才提出了更高的要求,高职院校会计专业教学"墨守成规",实践与理论教学未实现完全融合,"就业难、就业差"成为高职院校亟需解决的难题。文章对当前高职会计实践教学中存在的问题进行分析,提出相应的创新方法,希望对高职会计教育改革起到一定的促进作用。     

职业技能竞赛对会计教学改革的引领作用

基于高职院校缺乏职业教育理念的现象存在,职业技能竞赛可促进教学模式及实践教学质量考核体系的改革。因此,实施技能竞赛促进实践会计教学项目化改革与教学模式创新,强化个性化教学,同时要以技能竞赛为标尺加强师资队伍建设,进而提高高职会计教学水准。     

高职软件开发能力培养与项目化教学实践

随着社会的发展和进步,对于信息技术方面的人才的要求越来越高,从而致使高职院校加强对学生软件开发能力的培养,并且针对教学过程出现的问题,提出了项目化教学实践的教学模式。本文将项目化教学的作用,并以案例展开对教学内容的介绍。     

基于项目化+BOPPPS混合模式下《数控技术》教学改革研究

针对于目前在“大类招生，专业分流”培养模式中《数控技术》课程教学面临的问题，提出一种基于项目化+BOPPPS混合模式下《数控技术》课程的教学改革。本文根据《数控技术》课程当下面临的教学问题进行分析，提出将项目化+BOPPPS混合教学模式中的“教学项目、导入、教学目标、前测、参与式学习、后测、总结和课程评价”多个环节应用于《数控技术》课程的教学设计，最后通过实际应用验证项目化+BOPPPS混合模式下《数控技术》教学改革的合理性和有效性，为后续《数控技术》的教学改革提供一种思路和依据。     

浅谈《电子技术》项目化教学改革的实施

随着教育改革的不断深入,项目化教学方法在各个学科中有了深入的应用,这种教育方法改变了传统的教学模式,以实践和应用为教学目标,建立了全新的教学内容和体系。《电子技术》是一项基础性课程,结合项目化教学法能够充分激发起学生的学习兴趣,更好地培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,为走上工作岗位打下坚实的基础。本文分析了项目化教学的内涵与传统教学存在的问题,并深入分析了项目化教学改革的实施。     

高等职业教育中项目化教学的探索与实践

项目化教学是属于"行为导向"教学法的一种,是指师生共同实施一个完整的项目工作而进行的教学活动。一般来说具有很强的实践性和目的性,对学生的自主性要求较高,同时具有较高的教学成果。对于高等职业技术学校来说,项目化教学有利于提高学校的教学水平。文章主要对目前高等职业技术学校项目化教学进行分析,并且提出促进项目化教学的有效措施。     

高职汽车电器构造与检修课程项目化设计探讨

项目化教学是目前高职院校普遍采用的一种教学手段,把项目化教学引入高职院校汽车电器构造与检修课程中,能够将知识理论与实践结合,有效提高学生动手实践能力及解决实际问题的应用能力。针对高职汽车电器构造与检修课程项目化教学设计进行分析探讨。     

施工组织管理课程教学过程中项目化教学模式的实践

针对目前高校在教学过程中理论结合实践存在的问题,以施工组织管理课程为基础,分析了该课程的教学难点,并以此介绍了项目化教学模式存在的价值及优点,并针对该课程提出了相关的教学意见,使得理论与实践相结合,有效地提高了教学模式,对类似课程的教学提出了建议。     

数控编程与加工课程项目化教学的探讨

项目化教学成为近几年教学改革的热点,取得了显著成绩。机电模具专业与数控加工类课程教学也在尝试实施项目化教学。本文主要讨论了数控编程与加工课程实施项目化教学的做法与经验。     

基于"工作过程"的《PLC应用技术》课程开发思路

随着社会发展,专业人才的缺乏成为阻碍许多行业发展的重要因素,所以培养出适合发展要求的人才成为发展过程中研究和关注的重点.传统的PLC应用技术过于注重理论教学,对学生动手能力培养存在一定缺陷,培养出的学生就业后不能适应技术岗位要求.文章就当下工作过程中的实践能力要求现状进行分析,介绍PLC应用技术含义进行分析,提出促进技术进一步发展的有力措施.     

Evapotranspiration of “Superior” grapevines under intermittent irrigation

This study deals with the effects of intermittent irrigation on actual evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf area index (LAI) of “Superior” grapevines grown in a semiarid environment in northeastern Brazil. The field experiments were carried out during two consecutive fruiting cycles (dry season and rainy season) of grapevines (Vitis vinifera, L) irrigated by drip at a rate of 2.3 L h⁻¹. Four irrigation time intervals were used as follow: one turn irrigation-time (I-1), two turn irrigation-time (I-2), three turn irrigation-time (I-3), and four turn irrigation-time (I-4). The growing cycles received different amounts of water by irrigation, which for dry and rainy seasons were 470.5 and 243.5 mm, respectively. The ET increased from 5.7 to 7.5 mm day⁻¹ when the irrigation time interval changed from I-1 to I-4 and resulted in a higher value of LAI. The values of ET during the rainy-season growing cycle were much lower throughout the phenological stages, reaching a maximum of 6.4 mm day⁻¹ for I-4 in the maturation stage. For both growing cycles, an increase in the cumulated vineyard evapotranspiration was observed when changing the irrigation time interval from I-1 to I-4, except I-2, which was slightly greater than I-3. Soil water drainage had a very gradual exponential decrease from I-1 to I-4 in both fruiting cycles. The grapevine coefficient under intermittent irrigation can be described as function of days after pruning by polynomial models.     

Plant water parameters and the remote sensing <Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis><Subscript>1300</Subscript>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis><Subscript>1450</Subscript> leaf water index: controlled condition dynamics during the development of water deficit stress

Plants with different abilities for osmotic adjustment (cowpea, bean, and sugarbeet) were subjected to gradually decreasing soil water content. During the development of water deficit stress, various plant water parameters were measured to characterize their relationship to the near infrared R ₁₃₀₀/R ₁₄₅₀ leaf water index, which is based on the measurement of light reflected from leaves. In all three species, leaf water thickness (LWT), leaf cell relative water content (RWC), and overall leaf thickness remained relatively constant under moderate water deficit stress. However, at the point when plants could no longer cope with the increasing level of water deficit stress, LWT, RWC, and leaf thickness were found to decrease substantially, signaling the onset of leaf dehydration. The R ₁₃₀₀/R ₁₄₅₀ leaf water index followed the RWC very closely in cowpea and bean leaves, and with some time lag in sugarbeet leaves. The R ₁₃₀₀/R ₁₄₅₀ index may therefore be used as a feedback-signal in precision irrigation control, signaling effectively the physiological response of plants when water deficit stress becomes detrimental. RWC and the R ₁₃₀₀/R ₁₄₅₀ index were linearly correlated in cowpea and bean leaves, but not in sugarbeet leaves.     

Identification and discrimination of water stress in wheat leaves (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) by means of reflectance measurements

Available water is one of the most limiting factors in crop production. As current methods for the determination of plant water content are time-consuming and require numerous observations to characterize a field, managers could benefit from remote sensing techniques to assist in irrigation decisions and further management practices. Adoption will depend on the development of technologies, which allow real time sensing of the soil and plant water status and the discrimination of several stress factors. A greenhouse study was initiated to determine specific wavelengths and/or combinations of wavelengths indicative of water stress in wheat and to evaluate these wavelengths for discriminating water stress from other biotic stresses. Reflectance of wheat leaves from plants grown under six different water treatments ranging from 65 to 26% field capacity was determined once a week from the beginning of the fourth leaf stage until the sixth leaf stage. Reflectance measurements were performed at the fourth leaf of wheat plants with an imager (LEICA S1 Pro) under controlled light conditions. Reflectance was measured in different wavelength ranges throughout the visible and infrared spectra (380–1,300 nm). Leaf scans were evaluated within the L*a*b*-color system. Total water content of wheat leaves was calculated after the difference between total fresh and total dry weight of wheat plants. Significant reflectance changes and correlations between water status and leaf reflectance were obtained at a water content <71% and enabled the identification and quantification of water status of wheat plants. Reflectance patterns at 510₇₈₀, 540₇₈₀, 490_1,300, and 540_1,300 nm were found most suitable to describe to the water status regardless of the sampling date or growth stage. To evaluate the validity of leaf reflectance as a method for separating water stress from other biotic stresses such as nutrient deficiencies reflectance pattern of water deficient plants were compared with reflectance patterns of N, P, Mg, and Fe deficiency obtained in earlier studies by calculating the color distance ΔEab as additional reflectance parameter. ΔEab increased under different nutrient deficiencies, but remained constant under water stress, thus enabling the discrimination of the investigated stress factors. The approach indicated that various stress factors could be clearly identified by reflectance measurements, thus enhancing a better plant management by the use of remote sensing techniques.     

Effect of irrigation regimes on persistence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella enterica</Emphasis> serovar Newport in small experimental pots designed for plant cultivation

Increased outbreaks of foodborne illness throughout the world have raised concern over the potential health hazard of pre-harvest colonization of crops by human pathogens originating from contaminated irrigation water, or manure-amended soil. Contradictory reports currently exist concerning the ability of pathogenic bacteria to penetrate internal plant tissues via the root and translocate to edible aerial tissues, which suggest dependence of the process on experimental variables employed. Mechanistic investigations of internalization into plants require development of regulated, experimental, co-cultivation systems for the plant and the bacteria. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of three irrigation regimes: ‘no-irrigation’ and irrigation with or without leachate, on the capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport to survive in a potting medium in small experimental pots designed for internalization studies. The duration of bacterial survival in the potting-medium varied under the irrigation regimes employed, ranging from 4.7 to 10 weeks. The survival duration under irrigation without leachate was longer than in the ‘no-irrigation’ treatment. Leaching reduced the concentration of Salmonella in the experimental pots, presumably by a washing effect and consequently shortened the duration of survival from 70 to 33 days. The observed dependency of Salmonella viability in the experimental pots, upon the irrigation schemes applied, points at the need to consider the irrigation conditions in experimental systems aimed at studying the interactions between human enteric pathogen and the plant ecosystem.     

Response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> varieties to soil salinity for feed and food production in Karakalpakstan,Uzbekistan

Water and land salinization, caused by ill-practiced irrigation and drainage is acute and widespread in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. A crop frequently grown in these marginal areas is sorghum because of its capability to adapt to saline conditions. However, the salt uptake potential of local varieties for salt-ameliorative purposes, as well as possible income-generation benefits, have not yet been studied. Therefore, field experiments on low, medium and highly saline soils were conducted using four sorghum cultivars (S. vulgare, S. cernuum, S. durra, and S. technicum). The effect of soil salinity on biomass, stover and grain yield, the baking and feed quality, and total water soluble salt (TDS) accumulation, was assessed according to varieties, plant fractions and growth phases. Results showed that S. cernuum had the highest grain yield on the low (5.13 t ha⁻¹), medium (6.05 t ha⁻¹) and highly (3.3 t ha⁻¹) saline soil. S. technicum showed the lowest growth potential under all salinity levels. TDS accumulation varied between 406 and 185 kg ha⁻¹ depending on variety, site, plant fractions and growth stage. Irrespective of the soil salinity levels and varieties, TDS was highest in stover and leaves, while highest TDS uptake, mainly chlorides and bicarbonates, occurred between booting and flowering. Baking quality of all varieties was extremely low, whereas the in-vitro feed was assessed as of medium quality. The findings indicate the scope of local sorghum varieties for phytomelioration of marginal lands in Karakalpakstan, while concurrently satisfying a wider range of rural livelihood needs.     

Improving estimates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis> loads in irrigation water from swine manure lagoons

The implementation of nutrient management plans for confined animal feeding operations requires recording N and P loads from land-applied manure, including nutrients applied in irrigation water from manure treatment lagoons. By regulation, lagoon irrigation water nutrient records in Mississippi must be based on at least one lagoon water nutrient analysis annually. Research in Mississippi has shown that N and P levels in lagoon water, and the N:P ratio, vary significantly through the year. Nutrient estimates based on one annual analysis do not account for this variability and may overestimate or underestimate N and P loads. The present study reports an improved method to more precisely estimate N and P loads in irrigation water from swine manure lagoons. The method is based on predictable annual cycles of N and P levels in lagoon water and employs simple curve-fitting of lagoon-specific formulas derived by analyses of historical data. Similarity of curves from analyses of Mississippi lagoons and other lagoon studies suggests that the method can be applied using the often limited nutrient data for a lagoon to more precisely estimate seasonal shifts of N and P and to improve the precision of estimates for N and P in irrigation water. Although the present study focused on swine manure lagoons in the southern US, recognition that the annual N cycle in lagoon water is temperature driven, suggests that additional research incorporating temperature into future models could extend these models to other types of waste treatment lagoons and climates.     

并联四文丘里管施肥器“旁路吸肥”模式性能分析

为了了解文丘里管施肥器“旁路吸肥”模式的性能,在其工作原理的基础上,设计了4个文丘里管并联的施肥器,其部分参数为L_a=105 mm,L_b=55 mm,四通T型出口两侧长度L₁~L₈=36 mm,文丘里管通道内径均为50 mm.在并联四文丘里管施肥器吸肥口为1个大气压力,营养液出口为0.10 MPa,进水端入口压力分别为0.15,0.25,0.35,0.45,0.55,0.65 MPa的边界条件下,运用FloEFD软件对施肥器吸肥量进行仿真分析,得到了各通道吸肥量与进出口压差呈正相关的工作特性.基于该分析结果,进一步在4个文丘里管并联施肥器的出口增设吸肥泵,构成四吸肥通道+旁路吸肥式管路施肥器(“旁路吸肥”模式),通过性能仿真表明:并联四文丘里管施肥器“旁路吸肥”模式,可提高吸肥量整体提高31.08%以上,方差降低74.12%,同时实现将营养液有压输出.进一步开展并联四文丘里管施肥器“旁路吸肥”模式吸肥量性能试验,得出实测平均吸肥量为693.25 L/h,与仿真分析数据平均相对误差仅为4%,验证了仿真分析结果.该研究为并联四文丘里管施肥器“旁路吸肥”模式整机的研制奠定了基础.