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我国黄淮海夏玉米种植区玉米收获时籽粒含水率高及机械直收破碎率高等问题严重影响玉米籽粒机械化直收的发展。根据山东玉米籽粒直收的实际,选择具有代表性的3种机具,按照有关标准制定了验证办法,进行了经济、适用、安全性评价试验。结果表明:3种机具的经济性、适用性、安全可靠性能够满足农业生产的要求,但籽粒含水率和玉米品种对籽粒机械化收获破碎率指标影响较大。为此,提出了选择玉米品种、加强农机农艺融合,以及在黄淮海夏玉米种植区推广玉米、冬小麦适当晚收晚种等加快玉米籽粒机械化直收技术的发展对策,对提高玉米生产效率、降低生产成本具有重要意义。 相似文献
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玉米籽粒直收技术是将玉米摘穗、输送、脱粒、清选等环节集成在一起复合收获作业,具有省时、省力、节本、增效的特点。结合山东省当前玉米种植现状及机械化情况,阐述了当前玉米籽粒直收的重要性,对当前山东省玉米籽粒直收技术应用进行了深刻分析探讨,并结合山东省玉米生产现状提出了建设性意见与建议,对山东省玉米籽粒直收技术的推广应用具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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自2014年以来,全国各地相继开展玉米籽粒直收的推广技术,截至到2016年11月,玉米籽粒收获机大部分是互换割台式。与粮食机械烘干技术的开发使用相比较,玉米籽粒直收的技术推广应用相对比较缓慢。要加快推进玉米籽粒收获技术先要了解好产品的品种、籽粒收获的机械和烘干技术的使用,但截至目前为止,这3个条件都不满足玉米籽粒直收技术成熟发展的必要性,本文就此展开讨论分析。 相似文献
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发展玉米籽粒直收机械化势在必行 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《山东农机化》2016,(3)
正三大主要粮食作物中,相比于小麦和水稻的收获作业,传统玉米收获方式劳动工序繁杂,常使农民和种粮大户苦不堪言,实现玉米籽粒直收是玉米生产机械化的发展方向和技术趋势,是可以预见的未来市场热点。但发展玉米籽粒直收是一个系统工程,需要农机、农业和生产厂家的联合协作,更需要粮食烘干设备的配套。一、发展玉米籽粒机械化直收势在必行发展玉米籽粒直收简化了籽粒收获作业工序,实现了不落地收获,可直接通过粮食烘干设备进行 相似文献
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玉米机械化收获籽粒注意事项
玉米机械化收获籽粒技术,是使用联合收获机械一次完成摘棒、秸秆粉碎、玉米棒剥皮、脱粒、清选等作业。实施玉米籽粒收获技术要满足以下3个方面的条件:
1.合适的玉米品种
适合玉米籽粒收的品种必须是早熟脱水快、抗倒伏、产量高。实践证明,玉米籽粒含水率在30%左右就可以实现籽粒直收,只是根据玉米品种特性,收获效果会有差别。 相似文献
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《农业装备与车辆工程》2015,(12)
<正>近日,中国农业科学院作物科学研究所作物栽培与生理创新团队在辽宁、山东、新疆等全国13个玉米主产省(市、区)组织了32场玉米籽粒收获现场观摩会。机械籽粒收获是玉米全程机械化的最后一公里。2010年起,中科院作物科研所在全国典型生态区建立试验示范点,目前,研究团队已采集了上千块粒收田块的测试数据,制定了《玉米密植高产机械籽粒直收技术规程》和《玉米机械粒收田间测产验收方法 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献