不同转座子介导的基因捕获效率比较

为了比较SB(Sleeping Beauty)、PB(PiggyBac)和Tol2 3种转座子介导的基因捕获效率,本研究构建了含有3种转座子的启动子捕获载体pT3-PST-Pro-Trap。将此载体分别和SB、PB和Tol2 3种转座酶mRNA按照质量比1.0∶1.5的比例注射斑马鱼(Danio rerio)一细胞胚胎,通过检测绿色荧光蛋白报告基因(GFP)的表达水平比较不同转座子的捕获效率。结果显示,3种转座子介导的启动子捕获载体能够高效率捕获内源基因启动子,进而驱动GFP的表达;注射后培养36 h时的SB、PB和Tol2捕获效率分别为24.32%、30.70%和18.87%,PB捕获效率显著高于SB和Tol2(P0.05);3种转座子在60 h时的捕获效率均高于36 h的,其中SB和Tol2组差异达显著水平(P0.05),而PB组差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,SB、PB和Tol2转座子介导的基因捕获技术可以用于脊椎动物高通量功能基因筛选,为功能基因研究提供有效新方法。     

转座子介导细胞质显微注射技术的基因转移效率比较

为了比较和探索SB(sleeping beauty)、PB(piggyBac)和T012 3种转座子介导下的细胞质显微注射法在小鼠(Mus musculus)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)上的转基因效率,本研究将包含3种转座子的重组载体pT3-PST-CAG-GFP分别与3种转座酶表达载体以1:1质量比混合,显微注射至小鼠和斑马鱼受精卵细胞质,经体外培养后在胚胎发育不同时期用荧光显微镜检测报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)阳性率,结果显示,在培养至4 Ed(96 h)(Ed: embryo day,胚胎发育的天数)的小鼠胚胎中,PB转座子介导的GFP转基因阳性率最高,达52％(N=281),显著高于SB的47％ (N=328)和To12的36％ (N=273)(P＜0.05);而受精后36和60 h (hour past fertilization,hpf)斑马鱼胚胎中,荧光显微镜检测表明,To12的GFP阳性率分别为36％(N=677)和37％(N=685),显著高于SB(28％ N=691和27％ N=708)和PB(30％ N=687和32％ N=675)(P＜0.05);转座子介导的细胞质显微注射可获得较高的转基因效率,且转座子活性具有物种差异性,在哺乳动物胚胎中PB转座子的基因转移效率最高,而在鱼类胚胎中To12转座子的基因转移效率最高.本研究为提高动物转基因效率研究提供重要参考资料.     

睡美人转座子真核表达载体的构建及在猪胎儿成纤维细胞系中的表达验证

睡美人(sleeping beauty,SB)是Tc1/mariner转座子超家族的一员,为探索睡美人转座子与不同的转座酶搭配使用及与同种转座酶不同比例搭配使用时的转座效率,本实验构建了SB真核表达重组载体PT2-SV40-EGFP,通过荧光显微镜和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测进行了猪胎儿成纤维细胞系(PEFs)转染条件优化研究.研究结果表明,不同转座酶与转座子按10∶1混合后细胞转染效率相似,但报告基因表达水平有较大差异,其中SB 100X转座酶与转座子混合后细胞的表达水平最高;转座子PT2-SV40-EGFP质粒和SB 100X转座酶质粒按不同比例混合转染细胞研究表明,细胞转染效率相似,但表达水平存在显著差异,其中1∶1组最高,约是5∶1组和10∶1组的50倍.本实验优化了睡美人转座子的转座条件为制备转基因动物深入研究提供参考.     

体细胞核移植技术生产转入溶菌酶基因(hLYZ)牛胚胎的研究

本研究主要探讨经基因修饰和筛选后转基因供体细胞的挑选及处理对牛转入溶菌酶基因克隆胚胎早期发育的影响.用含人溶菌酶基因(human lysozyme,hLYZ)乳腺特异表达载体pEBH重组质粒转染高产荷斯坦牛成纤维细胞,经G418筛选后的转基因阳性细胞作为核供体细胞成功构建了转hLYZ基因克隆胚胎.结果发现,基因转染及筛选过程对转基因重构胚的发育有不利的影响,囊胚发育率显著降低;以注核针内径为参照,挑选直径为15～20μm的转基因阳性细胞作为供体细胞,重构胚的融合率和囊胚率较其它组差异显著(分别为80.4%和33.8%,P<0.05);生长旺盛期的细胞构建的转基因克隆胚的卵裂率及囊胚发育率显著高于经血清饥饿和生长接触抑制处理组(P＜0.05);所有的转基因克隆胚在体外发育的各个发育时期都能观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达,但表达的强弱在不同个体及相同个体不同发育时期之间存在差异.随机挑选10枚囊胚以PCR法进行鉴定,结果全部为阳性转基因胚胎.研究结果表明,利用体细胞核移植方法可以获得转舰hLYZ基因的克隆胚胎,重构胚可成功的发育到囊胚阶段;挑选生长旺盛期的直径为15～20 μm的转基因阳性细胞作为供体细胞可显著提高转基因克隆胚的融合率和囊胚率.     

利用shRNA真核表达载体干涉雌性鸡胚性腺中芳香化酶基因(CYP19A1)的表达

本研究通过把构建的短发夹结构RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体导入鸡胚,检测鸡胚性腺分化期质粒载体在鸡胚体内代谢情况及雌性鸡胚性腺中芳香化酶基因(CYP19A1)mRNA表达效率,进而探讨利用该方法在鸡胚体内进行特定基因干涉的可行性.实验针对CYP19A1基因构建了4条特异性表达载体,一条非特异性表达载体.每个实验组选取45个新鲜种蛋作为实验材料进行胚盘下腔注射,并设立空白对照组.鸡胚发育12d时,检测各处理组鸡胚肝脏组织中质粒存在情况,并取其左侧性腺组织进行目标基因的荧光定量分析.研究结果表明,导入组在12日胚龄时所有鸡胚基因组中均可检测到绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP);荧光定量结果显示,导入特异性表达载体cyp-580、cyp-1083和cyp-1295后,对应雌性鸡胚性腺CYP19A1 mRNA表达效率显著低于空白对照组,干涉效率分别为:73％、52％和85％;特异性表达载体cyp-1403组CYP19A1mRNA表达效率与空白对照组相比有所降低但无显著性差异.本实验为诱导鸡胚性反转提供了新方法并建立了鸡胚发育期特定基因体内干涉新平台.     

鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体基因(ovr)SNPs检测及其与蛋用性状的关联分析

以6个鸡(Gallus gallus)品种混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体(occyte vitellogenesis receptor,ovr)基因内含子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析.结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2T3967G,内含子7C8099T和A8296G,内含子9A8839T和G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄和蛋壳厚度相关极显著(P＜0.01),与产蛋量、蛋重和蛋黄比例相关显著(P＜0.05);3种基因型中订个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体.研究结果证实了ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响.     

猪诱导多能干细胞(iPS)嵌合胚胎的制备

猪诱导多能干细胞(iPS)具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,是医学和细胞生物学研究理想的材料。为了探索猪iPS细胞的胚胎嵌合能力,本实验采用piggyBac转座子系统PB[Act-RFP]DS和Act-PBase载体,共转染猪iPS细胞,获得带有红色荧光标记的猪iPS细胞株PS24-R。并通过显微注射方法,将供体细胞PS24-R注入到4~8细胞期的胚胎腔隙,制备嵌合胚胎,待其继续发育至囊胚阶段,统计PS24-R细胞在胚胎中的嵌合情况。结果显示,通过转座子系统piggyBac标记的猪PS24-R细胞能够稳定表达红色荧光,以其作为供体细胞制备猪嵌合胚胎能够有效观察iPS细胞在胚胎中的嵌合情况。将1、5和10个猪PS24-R细胞和1个猪PS24-R细胞团分别注射到猪胚胎中构建嵌合胚胎,随着猪iPS细胞注射数量的增加,注射胚胎的囊胚率逐渐下降,但嵌合比例逐渐升高。同时与孤雌胚胎相比,嵌合胚胎中多能基因OCT4、SOX2和NANOG表达显著提高。由此可见,采用piggyBac转座子标记的猪PS24-R细胞能够在猪早期胚胎发育阶段实现嵌合,为iPS细胞嵌合猪的生产提供了基础资料。     

鸡新城疫病毒F基因与鸡白介素-2(IL-2)基因在真核载体中串连表达及免疫原性

为了探索鸡白介素-2(IL-2)对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)F蛋白免疫效果的增强作用,本研究通过重叠延伸PCR技术(SOE-PCR)利用连接子(G2SG3S)将鸡IL-2基因和鸡NDV F基因串连,克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+),构建了表达质粒pcDNA-IL-2-F.通过脂质体介导DNA瞬时转染法,将重组质粒pcDNA-IL-2-F和pcDNA-F分别转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,Western blot验证表明,pcDNA-IL-2-F和pcDNA-F均能瞬时表达F蛋白,表达蛋白分别为76.0和59.6 kD,表达蛋白的大小与预期一致并具有抗原性.将表达质粒免疫SPF鸡(Gallus domedticus),6d后开始用ELISA方法检测NDV的特异抗体,免疫20 d后,用F48E9进行攻毒.结果显示,免疫pcDNA-IL-2-F的鸡群产生的抗体水平(P＜0.05)高于混合免疫pcDNA-IL-2和pcDNA-F,高于免疫pcDNA-F的鸡群,但比免疫Lasota组的抗体水平要低.攻毒试验说明免疫pcDNA-IL-2-F组比免疫其他质粒组保护率高,这说明串连表达的免疫效果要好于二者的联合使用,为病毒病疫苗的研制提供了思路.     

箱式孵化种蛋失重率的探究

为了深入了解蛋重对孵化过程中失重率及孵化率的影响,选取200枚海兰褐种蛋进行孵化,先称量初始重,孵化过程中分别测定7日龄、15日龄蛋重的变化。结果表明:箱式孵化过程中种蛋的失重表现与蛋的初始重呈正相关,蛋初始重越大,在孵化过程中失重越大,但是蛋重与孵化过程中失重率没有显著的差异(P0.05)。     

培养液充气标准气氧气比例及充气时间对小鼠胚胎密闭培养效果的影响

胚胎密闭培养是空间胚胎发育研究的基本条件,在胚胎密闭培养中,培养液适宜的氧含量对早期胚胎发育至关重要.本研究采用两种氧气比例不同的标准气和两个充气时长,对胚胎培养液进行标准气充气,研究标准气的氧气比例和培养液充气时间对密闭培养小鼠(Mus musculus)2-细胞胚胎体外发育的影响.胚胎密闭培养前,使用由5％O2,5％CO2,90％N2或7.5％O2,5％CO2,87.5％N2组成的高纯标准气对胚胎培养液分别充气120或150 min,以不充气密闭培养和常规微滴培养为对照组.在培养开始后24和48 h检测胚胎过氧化物;培养96和72 h时检测胚胎缺氧诱导因子-1 α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α);培养72和96 h时统计囊胚发育率和孵化率,并进行囊胚细胞计数.结果显示,利用氧气比例为7.5％的标准气对胚胎培养液充气120 min组和充气150 min组的胚胎在培养24 h时能够检测出过氧化物累积;5％O2标准气充气120min,5％O2标准气充气150 min和7.5％O2标准气充气120 min组胚胎,在培养96 h时可检测到HIF-1α阳性,而不充气密闭培养组在培养48 h时即可检测到HIF-1α阳性;5％O2标准气充气120或150 min,7.5％O2标准气充气120或150 min时,密闭培养胚胎均能获得较理想的囊胚发育率和孵化率.培养72 h时,5％O2标准气充气120 min组的囊胚发育率(92.63±0.89)％高于其他3个充气密闭培养组,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05),不充气密闭培养组囊胚发育率(57.04±10.04)％显著低于各充气密闭培养组(P＜0.05),微滴培养组囊胚发育率(98.67±1.33)％显著高于7.5％O2的标准气充气120 min组((87.15±2.35)％,P＜o.05).培养96 h时,各充气密闭培养组及微滴培养组囊胚发育率和囊胚孵化率无显著差异(P＞0.05),但均显著高于不充气密闭培养组(P＜0.05).各充气密闭培养组胚胎体外培养72h后,囊胚细胞数差异不显著(P＞0.05).培养96 h时,5％O2标准气充气120 min组密闭培养胚胎的囊胚细胞数(114.12±3.66)显著高于其他充气密闭培养组和不充气密闭培养组(P＜0.05),与微滴组(110.56±5.24)无统计学差异(P＞0.05).研究结果表明,使用由5％O2,5％ CO2和90％N2组成的标准气对胚胎培养液持续充气120～150min时,可较好地支持密闭培养小鼠2-细胞胚胎发育至囊胚阶段,并完成囊胚的孵化.本研究确定了小鼠2-细胞胚胎密闭培养适宜的标准气O2比例和充气时间,完善了胚胎密闭培养体系,为建立适宜于小鼠早期胚胎空间发育研究的密闭培养体系积累基础资料.     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.