Simultaneous state measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits

One of the many challenges of building a scalable quantum computer is single-shot measurement of all the quantum bits (qubits). We have used simultaneous single-shot measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits to directly probe interaction of the qubits in the time domain. The concept of measurement crosstalk is introduced, and we show that its effects are minimized by careful adjustment of the timing of the measurements. We observe the antiphase oscillation of the two-qubit 01 and 10 states, consistent with quantum mechanical entanglement of these states, thereby opening the possibility for full characterization of multiqubit gates and elementary quantum algorithms.     

Preparation of a pure molecular quantum gas

An ultracold molecular quantum gas is created by application of a magnetic field sweep across a Feshbach resonance to a Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms. The ability to separate the molecules from the atoms permits direct imaging of the pure molecular sample. Magnetic levitation enables study of the dynamics of the ensemble on extended time scales. We measured ultralow expansion energies in the range of a few nanokelvin for a sample of 3000 molecules. Our observations are consistent with the presence of a macroscopic molecular matter wave.     

Solid-state qubits with current-controlled coupling

The ability to switch the coupling between quantum bits (qubits) on and off is essential for implementing many quantum-computing algorithms. We demonstrated such control with two flux qubits coupled together through their mutual inductances and through the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that reads out their magnetic flux states. A bias current applied to the SQUID in the zero-voltage state induced a change in the dynamic inductance, reducing the coupling energy controllably to zero and reversing its sign.     

分式线性递归关系的周期解研究

递归关系不仅在数学中有广泛应用,而且在计算机算法设计与分析中也有广泛应用。对一阶分式线性递归关系具有周期解的条件进行了详细讨论,得到若干有用的结论;对二、三阶分式线性递归关系,分别列举了一个具有周期解的例子,并对解的周期性进行了验证。     

Coherent optical control of the quantum state of a single quantum Dot

Picosecond optical excitation was used to coherently control the excitation in a single quantum dot on a time scale that is short compared with the time scale for loss of quantum coherence. The excitonic wave function was manipulated by controlling the optical phase of the two-pulse sequence through timing and polarization. Wave function engineering techniques, developed in atomic and molecular systems, were used to monitor and control a nonstationary quantum mechanical state composed of a superposition of eigenstates. The results extend the concept of coherent control in semiconductors to the limit of a single quantum system in a zero-dimensional quantum dot.     

Implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a scalable system

We report the implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a system of three beryllium ion qubits (two-level quantum systems) confined in a segmented multizone trap. The quantum Fourier transform is the crucial final step in Shor's algorithm, and it acts on a register of qubits to determine the periodicity of the quantum state's amplitudes. Because only probability amplitudes are required for this task, a more efficient semiclassical version can be used, for which only single-qubit operations conditioned on measurement outcomes are required. We apply the transform to several input states of different periodicities; the results enable the location of peaks corresponding to the original periods. This demonstration incorporates the key elements of a scalable ion-trap architecture, suggesting the future capability of applying the quantum Fourier transform to a large number of qubits as required for a useful quantum factoring algorithm.     

Optical signatures of coupled quantum dots

An asymmetric pair of coupled InAs quantum dots is tuned into resonance by applying an electric field so that a single hole forms a coherent molecular wave function. The optical spectrum shows a rich pattern of level anticrossings and crossings that can be understood as a superposition of charge and spin configurations of the two dots. Coulomb interactions shift the molecular resonance of the optically excited state (charged exciton) with respect to the ground state (single charge), enabling light-induced coupling of the quantum dots. This result demonstrates the possibility of optically coupling quantum dots for application in quantum information processing.     

Room-temperature quantum bit memory exceeding one second

Stable quantum bits, capable both of storing quantum information for macroscopic time scales and of integration inside small portable devices, are an essential building block for an array of potential applications. We demonstrate high-fidelity control of a solid-state qubit, which preserves its polarization for several minutes and features coherence lifetimes exceeding 1 second at room temperature. The qubit consists of a single (13)C nuclear spin in the vicinity of a nitrogen-vacancy color center within an isotopically purified diamond crystal. The long qubit memory time was achieved via a technique involving dissipative decoupling of the single nuclear spin from its local environment. The versatility, robustness, and potential scalability of this system may allow for new applications in quantum information science.     

一种改进的基于二叉树的防碰撞算法

针对RFID系统中基于二叉树的标签防碰撞算法存在识别时间长、通信数据量大的问题,提出了一种改进的算法.算法充分利用上一次查询的信息,标签根据碰撞位先后应答读写器以减少碰撞的发生.读写器检测到接收的数据中有2个碰撞位即停止接收后续数据,以减少冗余数据的传输.算法将识别范围内所有标签进行分组,并且整个识别过程采用后退策略.仿真结果表明,提出的算法具有较高的识别效率.     

分式线性递归关系的周期解研究

递归关系不仅在数学中有广泛应用,而且在计算机算法设计与分析中也有广泛应用。对一阶分式线性递归关系具有周期解的条件进行了详细讨论,得到若干有用的结论;对二、三阶分式线性递归关系,分别列举了一个具有周期解的例子,并对解的周期性进行了验证。     

Implementing the quantum von Neumann architecture with superconducting circuits

The von Neumann architecture for a classical computer comprises a central processing unit and a memory holding instructions and data. We demonstrate a quantum central processing unit that exchanges data with a quantum random-access memory integrated on a chip, with instructions stored on a classical computer. We test our quantum machine by executing codes that involve seven quantum elements: Two superconducting qubits coupled through a quantum bus, two quantum memories, and two zeroing registers. Two vital algorithms for quantum computing are demonstrated, the quantum Fourier transform, with 66% process fidelity, and the three-qubit Toffoli-class OR phase gate, with 98% phase fidelity. Our results, in combination especially with longer qubit coherence, illustrate a potentially viable approach to factoring numbers and implementing simple quantum error correction codes.     

常数约束二次函数的代数寻优法

对一类二次函数寻优问题推导出代数解。给出了相应的计算机算法,并对其进行了计算复杂度分析。所述算法为一个指数时间算法,特别适合于小规模问题。     

六柱Hanoi塔问题研究

运用分治与递归方法,得到一个求解六柱Hanoi塔问题的算法,用这种算法对问题进行求解,得出了n≤15时移动盘子的最少步数,采用分割自然数集的思想。给出了用该算法求解n个盘子的六柱Hanoi塔问题的时间复杂度（最少步数）公式及分次移动的剩余盘子数公式,并用数学归纳法进行了证明。     

五柱Hanoi塔问题研究

运用分治与递归方法,得到一个求解五柱Hanoi塔问题的算法。并用这种算法对问题进行求解,得出了n≤29时移动盘子的最少步数。采用分割自然数集的思想,给出了用此算法求解n个盘子的五柱Hanoi塔问题的时间复杂度(最少步数)公式及分次移动的剩余盘子数公式。     

An on-demand coherent single-electron source

We report on the electron analog of the single-photon gun. On-demand single-electron injection in a quantum conductor was obtained using a quantum dot connected to the conductor via a tunnel barrier. Electron emission was triggered by the application of a potential step that compensated for the dot-charging energy. Depending on the barrier transparency, the quantum emission time ranged from 0.1 to 10 nanoseconds. The single-electron source should prove useful for the use of quantum bits in ballistic conductors. Additionally, periodic sequences of single-electron emission and absorption generate a quantized alternating current.     

Quantum mechanical calculations to chemical accuracy

Full configuraton-interaction (FCI) calculations have given an unambiguous standard by which the accuracy of theoretical approaches of incorporating electron correlation into molecular structure calculations can be judged. In addition, improvements in vectorization of programs, computer technology, and algorithms now permit a systematic study of the convergence of the atomic orbital (or so-called one-particle) basis set. These advances are discussed and some examples of the solution of chemical problems by quantum mechanical calculations are given to illustrate the accuracy of current techniques.     

多杀性巴氏杆菌基因组分泌蛋白的预测分析

分泌蛋白对于细菌自身的生命活动以及在介导病原体与宿主之间相互作用的过程中发挥着重要的作用,深入研究分泌蛋白将有助于明确细菌的生命活动及与病原微生物互作的分子机制.利用多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida)基因组学研究成果,结合信号肽分析软件SignalP v3.0、跨膜螺旋结构软件TMHMM v2.0、亚细胞器蛋白定位软件PSORTb和GPI-锚定位点软件GPI-SOM这4个软件,对多杀性巴氏杆菌2105个编码蛋白的ORF进行预测分析,最终获得了136个分泌蛋白.对其信号肽长度、氨基酸组成、相应ORF长度进行了统计.运用Blast P对其功能进行同源性分析,发现11个蛋白为多杀性巴氏杆菌所特有,这对多杀性巴氏杆菌的临床诊断具有一定的潜在应用价值.     

Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot

Most schemes for quantum information processing require fast single-qubit operations. For spin-based qubits, this involves performing arbitrary coherent rotations of the spin state on time scales much faster than the spin coherence time. By applying off-resonant, picosecond-scale optical pulses, we demonstrated the coherent rotation of a single electron spin through arbitrary angles up to pi radians. We directly observed this spin manipulation using time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy and found that the results are well described by a model that includes the electronnuclear spin interaction. Measurements of the spin rotation as a function of laser detuning and intensity confirmed that the optical Stark effect is the operative mechanism.     

A quantum adiabatic evolution algorithm applied to random instances of an NP-complete problem

A quantum system will stay near its instantaneous ground state if the Hamiltonian that governs its evolution varies slowly enough. This quantum adiabatic behavior is the basis of a new class of algorithms for quantum computing. We tested one such algorithm by applying it to randomly generated hard instances of an NP-complete problem. For the small examples that we could simulate, the quantum adiabatic algorithm worked well, providing evidence that quantum computers (if large ones can be built) may be able to outperform ordinary computers on hard sets of instances of NP-complete problems.