Potential attachment area of the first mandibular molar in dogs.

Tooth root and root trunk surface area measurements were taken from 20 first mandibular molar (M1) teeth obtained randomly from canine cadaver specimens. The mean root surface area for all teeth was 497.1 +/- 116.2 mm2. The cumulative surface areas of the mesial (MR) and distal (DR) roots were 251.4 +/- 70.2 mm2 and 211.7 +/- 51.9 mm2, respectively. The root trunk surface area was 34.0 +/- 21.4 mm2. Surface area measurements for individual roots and the root trunk were significantly different. Cumulative individual root surface area (MR + DR) was 93.2% of total root surface area. The MR surface area contributed most to total root surface area (50.6%) and cumulative individual root surface area (54.3%). The mean distance from the beginning of the root trunk to the furcation was 2.1 mm. On the basis of the linear variation of the percentage of root surface area of the M1, 44.6% of the total root surface area was 3 to 7 mm apical to the most coronal aspect of the cementoenamel junction. The MR was heart-shaped, compared with the more cylindrical shape of the DR.     

Furcation entrance anatomy of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs

Tooth surface and interradicular area (furcation) measurements were determined for 20 fourth maxillary premolar teeth obtained randomly from canine cadavers. The palatal furcation entrance had a mean width of 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm. The coronal roof of the palatal furcation was located at the cementoenamal junction (CEJ). The buccal furcation entrance had a mean width of 0.9 +/- 0.2 mm. The horizontal attachment area between the CEJ and the coronal roof of the buccal furcation was 1.3 +/- 0.3 mm. The mesial furcation entrance had a mean width of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm. The horizontal attachment area between the CEJ and the coronal roof of the mesial furcation entrance was 1.7 +/- 0.3 mm. The mean coefficient of variation for variables measured was 10.3%. Tooth size did not have a significant effect on furcation entrance measurement. All teeth had a fluted area between the CEJ and mesial furcation, a concavity coronal to the furcation area, a distal concavity of the mesial root trunk between the mesiopalatal and mesiobuccal roots, and a mesial furcation concavity of the distal root extending apically for a mean distance of 60% of the distal root length. The complexity of furcation entrance anatomy may be a factor in the manifestation of periodontal disease involving the furcation of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs.     

Furcation anatomy of the first mandibular molar in dogs.

Tooth surface and interradicular area (furcation) measurements were taken of 20 first mandibular molar teeth obtained randomly from canine cadavers. The lingual furcation entrance had a mean width of 1.2 +/- 0.3 mm. The buccal furcation entrance had a mean width of 1.3 +/- 0.4 mm. There was no significant difference between mean furcation entrance measurements. The horizontal attachment area between the cementoenamel junction and the coronal roof of the lingual furcation was 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm. The horizontal attachment area between the cementoenamel junction and the coronal roof of the buccal furcation (0.5 +/- 0.3 mm) was significantly different from the lingual horizontal attachment area. Distal root length and mesial root length were 16.0 +/- 1.5 mm and 16.1 +/- 1.6 mm, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation for variables measured was 14.0%. Tooth size did not have a significant effect on furcation entrance measurement. All teeth had a concavity coronal to the furcation area, which extended apically for a mean distance of 65.6% of the distal root length and 83.8% of the mesial root length. Furcation anatomy of the first mandibular molar is complex and may be a contributing factor in periodontal disease involving the interradicular area.     

Diagnostic value of the use of lateral and occlusal radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of 2 intraoral bisecting angle radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs. STUDY POPULATION: 466 canine teeth from 117 dogs. PROCEDURE: Periodontal probing measurements were recorded, and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were calculated at the mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual (or palatal) surfaces on each canine tooth. Occlusal and lateral radiographs of the canine teeth were obtained. Alveolar margin height (AMH) was measured at the same 4 surfaces. Values for AMH and CAL were compared on the basis of tooth surface, dental arch, and radiographic view. RESULTS: The AMH at the mesial and distal surfaces of the mandibular canine teeth was measurable on the lateral view and was significantly correlated with CAL. Similar results were found for the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary canine teeth. Buccal and lingual AMH were measured on the mandibular occlusal radiographic view, and values were significantly correlated with CAL, but only the buccal AMH could be assessed on the occlusal radiographic view of the maxilla with values that correlated significantly with CAL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The lateral radiographic view is suitable for evaluating periodontal attachment at the mesial and distal surfaces of the canine teeth in dogs. The occlusal radiographic view is suitable for assessing buccal surfaces as well as the lingual surface of mandibular canine teeth but not the palatal surface of maxillary canine teeth in dogs.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Age-related morphometry of equine incisors

In the present study the age-related morphological characteristics of 948 equine incisors were investigated. After extraction, total incisival length and root length were measured at the vestibular side of the teeth. Equine incisors reach their maximal length 2-3 years after eruption. Notwithstanding severe occlusal wear, this maximal length is maintained during most of the horses' life due to prolonged root formation. Root formation, at the rate of 2.5 mm per year, starts at the age of 5-6 years and continues until the age of 17. As the root of the incisor develops, its apical foramen narrows and changes position. In young horses the apical foramen is situated at the apex of the tooth, whereas in older individuals it is located at the mesial, distal, or lingual side of the tooth at a distance of 5-15 mm from the dental apex. In horses aged over 20 years apical foramina are still present. Radiographic imaging is a good method with which to obtain reliable information concerning the total incisival length and the size and position of the apical foramen.     

Root surface temperature rise of mandibular first molar during root canal filling with high-temperature thermoplasticized Gutta-Percha in the dog

This in vitro study evaluated the temperature rise on the outer root surface of the mandibular first molar following root canal filling using the high-temperature, thermoplasticized, Gutta-Percha technique (HTTG) (BeeFill) in the dog. Twelve extracted dog mandibular first molars were used. After root canal preparation, the teeth were filled with thermoplasticized Gutta-Percha and root canal sealer. Temperature changes on the vestibular surfaces of the mesial and distal roots of mandibular first molars were measured using a thermal imaging camera. The results of this in vitro study showed that using HTTG to fill mandibular first molars in dogs produces a safe temperature rise on the root surface and, therefore, should not damage the periodontal ligament and/or surrounding tissues.     

Measurement of clinical crown length of incisor and premolar teeth in clinically healthy rabbits

The clinical crown length of rabbit teeth has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical crown length of incisor and cheek teeth, and the periodontal probing depth in young healthy rabbits without clinical signs of dental disease. Two groups of 20 male rabbits were measured, the first in 2007 and the second in 2008/2009. The measurements were taken with rabbits under general anesthesia using a periodontal probe. The average crown length (mm) of the mandibular third and fourth premolar, and maxillary second premolar teeth was 3.1 +/- 0.4, 2.6 +/- 0.4, and 1.5 +/- 0.4, respectively. The periodontal probing depth for the cheek teeth in the maxilla and the mandible was very similar (0.5 - 1.0-mm). There was a minor difference in the average crown length (mm) of the mandibular (6.4 +/- 0.6) and maxillary (6.1 +/- 0.9) incisor teeth. The periodontal probing depth (mm) was different when comparing maxillary (2.2 +/- 0.4) and mandibular (5.1 +/- 0.8) incisor teeth. The divergence in tooth length in individual rabbits and between the two groups was minimal. Measuring the crown length of the rostral cheek and incisor teeth with a periodontalprobe is easy to do in the rabbit and should be integrated into the clinical examination. The measurement results of this study can be used as a reference when trimming teeth.     

Histomorphometry of the porcine scleral lamina cribrosa surface

The lamina cribrosa surface of the pig was examined using trypsin digestion, scanning electron microscopy, and computerized image analysis. Six normal eyes from healthy pigs were studied. The total intralaminar scan area, total number of laminar pores, median individual laminar pore areas, median individual pore form factors, and mean pore density were determined for the dorsal, ventral, nasal and temporal hemicircles, the dorsal-nasal, dorsal-temporal, ventral-nasal, and ventral-temporal quadrants, and their central and peripheral subdivisions. The mean (+/- SD) total intralaminar scan area was 8.29 +/- 1.54 mm2. The mean (+/- SD) total laminar pore count was 517 +/- 73 pores. The mean pore count was significantly larger in the ventral than the dorsal hemicircle (292 +/- 39 vs. 225 +/- 38 pores, respectively; P = 0.001), and significantly greater in the periphery compared to the center (388 +/- 58 vs. 129 +/- 27 pores, respectively; P = 0.0001). The overall mean (+/- SD) pore density was 67 +/- 7 pores mm-2. Mean pore density was significantly greater in the ventral than the dorsal hemicircle (70 +/- 8 vs. 64 +/- 6 pores mm-2, respectively; P = 0.019), and significantly greater in the center compared to the periphery (75 +/- 9 vs. 60 +/- 8 pores mm-2, respectively; P = 0.020). The mean (+/- SD) median individual pore area was 3752 +/- 572 &mgr;m2. The mean (+/- SD) median pore form factor was 0.680 +/- 0.035. No significant regional differences were found in mean median pore form factor or mean median individual pore areas. The intralaminar optic nerve of pigs is 55.1% non-neural connective and vascular tissue. A pigmented ventral fascial groove in the scleral lamina cribrosa appears unique to the porcine lamina cribrosa, and may be a vestige of the embryonic optic fissure.     

The Inferior Alveolar Nerve of the Horse: Course and Anatomical Relationship with Mandibular Cheek Teeth

The precise location of neurovascular structures within the relatively long mandibular canal of the horse is of paramount importance in surgical procedures of the area. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) enters the mandibular canal on the medial (lingual) surface of the mandible and innervates all the mandibular teeth. During its course, the nerve moves laterally, crossing the roots of the inferior cheek teeth. However, the exact anatomical relationships occurring between the IAN and the roots of the equine mandibular cheek teeth have not been described in detail. In this study, the mandibles of 40 horses were examined with CT scans and then used for bilateral detailed anatomical dissection, to assess the path of the IAN and its relationship to the roots of the lower cheek teeth. The data obtained show that the equine IAN is located ventral to the apices of the molar teeth (311/411, 310/410, 309/409 according to the Triadan numerical system). At the level of PM₄ (308/408), the IAN is located on the lingual side of the roots and coronally to its apices. At the level of PM₃ (307/407), the IAN is then found on the lingual side of the roots but in proximity to the apices. In 2 of 40 horses (=5%), the IAN moves towards the lingual side between the mesial and the distal root of PM₄. Our observations are valuable for planning a surgical approach to the ventral side of the mandible in the horse and to avoid potential post‐operative complications.     

In vitro study of heat production during power reduction of equine mandibular teeth

OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount of heat generated during 3 methods of equine dental reduction with power instruments. DESIGN: In vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 30 premolar and molar teeth removed from mandibles of 8 equine heads collected at an abbatoir. PROCEDURE: 38-gauge copper-constantan thermocouples were inserted into the lingual side of each tooth 15 mm (proximal) and 25 mm (distal) from the occlusal surface, at a depth of 5 mm, which placed the tip close to the pulp chamber. Group-NC1 (n = 10) teeth were ground for 1 minute without coolant, group-NC2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes without coolant, and group-C2 (10) teeth were ground for 2 minutes with water for coolant. RESULTS: Mean temperature increase was 1.2 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and 6.6 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC1 teeth, 4.1 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and 24.3 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-NC2 teeth, and 0.8 degrees C at the distal thermocouple and -0.1 degrees C at the proximal thermocouple for group-C2 teeth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In general, an increase of 5 degrees C in human teeth is considered the maximum increase before there is permanent damage to tooth pulp. In group-NC2 teeth, temperature increased above this limit by several degrees, whereas in group-C2 teeth, there was little or no temperature increase. Our results suggest that major reduction of equine teeth by use of power instruments causes thermal changes that may cause irreversible pulp damage unless water cooling is used.     

Morphologic features of the root canal system of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar in dogs

Root canal morphology was evaluated in 72 maxillary fourth premolar and 59 mandibular first molar teeth. An apical delta was present in all roots (n = 334). The apical delta represented approximately 12-18% of the total root length for all roots. Non-apical ramifications from the main canal were observed in 25.1% of roots. Secondary canal(s) were present in 20.6% of roots, while lateral canal(s) were present in 6.9% of roots. The distal root of the maxillary fourth premolar had the highest incidence (47.2%) of non-apical ramifications. Overall, 68.0 and 20.4% of maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar teeth had non-apical ramifications, respectively. The prevalence and location of non-apical ramifications may influence clinical decision making when performing endodontic therapy.     

Echocardiographic and radiographic changes associated with systemic hypertension in cats

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of systemic hypertension (SHT) on echocardiographic and radiographic cardiovascular variables in affected cats compared with healthy geriatric cats. Secondary objectives were to determine whether there were any relationships between these findings and age or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Fifteen healthy cats (>8 years of age with normal SBP) and 15 hypertensive cats (SBP > 180 mm Hg) were studied. Each cat was evaluated for standard echocardiographic parameters and 4 different aortic root dimensions. Seventeen variables were measured from right lateral and dorsoventral radiographic views. Left ventricle wall thickness was greater in the SHT group (5.1 +/- 0.9 mm) than in the healthy cats (4.2 +/- 0.5 mm). Left ventricular hypertrophy in the SHT cats often was not severe, and mean measures were considered normal. Some cats had asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) in the basilar portion of the septum as determined from the 2-dimensional view of the left ventricular outflow tract. ASH was greater in cats with SHT. Comparisons of the proximal ascending aorta indicated the presence of dilatation in the SHT cats, and comparison of the ascending aorta to the aortic annulus was helpful in differentiating between the 2 groups. The distal aortic root measurements and ratios evaluated by echocardiography were significantly different between the 2 groups of cats (P = .0001) and were significantly correlated with SBP (P = .0001) but not age (P > .3).     

Area of desensitization following mental nerve block in dogs

Regional nerve blocks are commonly used to provide analgesia for dental and oral surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to demarcate the areas of the mandible that would be desensitized by application of the mental nerve block. Seven healthy mixed-breed dogs were anesthetized for an annual dental examination and professional teeth cleaning procedure. Bupivacaine HCl (0.4 ml/ m2) was administered at one middle mental foramen based on previously described techniques for the mental nerve block. A noxious stimulus was applied at 23 predetermined ipsilateral mandibular locations using pressure from a mosquito hemostat on the mucocutaneous junction (MCJ) and a dental curette on the vestibular mucogingival line (MGL) at the incisor canine, and premolar teeth; and, the mesial and distal aspects of the first molar tooth. A thermal stimulus using a refrigerant spray on a cotton ball was applied to the ipsilateral canine, third premolar and fourth premolar teeth; and, the mesial and distal aspects of the first molar tooth. Demonstration of nociception or anesthesia was noted and the responses tabulated. The area of desensitized tissues was smaller than expected and highly variable within the study group. In conclusion, the unilateral mental nerve block does not reliably provide generalized desensitization to tissues of the incisive and rostral regions of the mandible. Although the mental nerve block is recommended, other modes of analgesia should be emphasized for surgical and dental procedures involving these areas.     

Axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries of the tail in the dog: an experimental study

OBJECTIVE: To determine applicability and size limits of an axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries in dogs to reconstruct caudodorsal trunk skin defects. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Ten mature, mixed breed dogs. METHODS: The lateral caudal vessels of the tail were incorporated in the flaps of the treatment group (n=5) and were ligated in the control group (n=5). Flaps were rotated and placed into experimentally created caudodorsal skin defects on the trunk. The length and area of tissue that remained viable in each flap were determined. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) survival area (222.8+/-32.9 cm2) and length (25.1+/-4.5 cm) of vascularized flaps were significantly greater (P<.05) compared with control flaps (94.9+/-13.4 cm2 and 14.61+/-4.7 cm). Necrosis occurred in all control flaps, resulting in lower percentage flap area (48.8%) and length (47.1%) survival compared with vascularized flaps (78.1%, 77.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Axial pattern flap based on lateral caudal arteries of the tail was successfully elevated and transferred in a single procedure, with 78% survival for closure of large experimentally created caudodorsal trunk defects in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Large cutaneous defects of the caudodorsal trunk area in dog could be reconstructed with tail axial pattern flap. Limitations in terms of size and changes in animal appearance have to be considered before flap elevation.     

外源硅对镉胁迫下玉米生理参数及根系构型分级的影响

为探究镉(Cd)胁迫条件下,施硅(Si)对玉米幼苗生长以及根系构型分级的影响,寻求可缓解Cd对玉米毒害的有效途径,本研究采用水培试验,在Cd胁迫条件下施加不同浓度Si,测定玉米的Cd浓度及含量、生长相关指标、光合指标、根系构型,并将根系构型按根系直径进行分级比较其变化特征。结果表明,Cd胁迫条件下玉米幼苗的生长发育受到抑制,叶绿素含量上升,光合参数显著降低,总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数和分枝数,包括Ⅰ～Ⅲ级径级区间的根长,和Ⅰ～Ⅱ级径级区间的根表面积以及根体积显著下降。施加不同浓度Si后,玉米幼苗整株Cd含量降低了12.65%～88.07%,Cd毒害在不同程度上得到缓解,表现为株高、主根长、生物量和耐受指数的提高;总叶绿素含量在Si浓度为0.25 mmol·L^-1时提高了11.76%,Cd胁迫下气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率分别在Si浓度为1.00 mmol·L^-1时显著提高;总根长、分枝数、Ⅰ级径级区间的根长、根表面积和根体积在Si浓度为1.00 mmol·L^-1时达到最大,当Si浓度为1...     

Ocular parameters related to drug delivery in the canine and equine eye: aqueous and vitreous humor volume and scleral surface area and thickness

OBJECTIVE: To measure the ocular surface area, scleral thickness, and the aqueous and vitreous humor volumes in the canine and equine eye. Animals studied Fourteen canine and 16 equine cadaver eyes. PROCEDURE: Eyes were measured either fresh or following fixation in formalin. Ocular surface area was calculated using the fluid displacement method. Globes were hemisected and aqueous and vitreous humor were collected and quantitated. Scleral thickness was measured by digital caliper, by image projection, and by ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). RESULTS: Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) scleral surface areas in canine and equine eyes were 12.87 +/- 2.24 and 57.23 +/- 5.63 cm2, respectively. Mean +/- SD aqueous humor volume was 0.77 +/- 0.24 in the dog and 3.04 +/- 1.27 mL in the horse. Mean vitreous humor volume was 1.7 +/- 0.86 mL for the canine eye and 26.15 +/- 4.87 mL for the equine eye. In canine and equine eyes, the sclera was thinnest at the ocular equator: 0.34 +/- 0.13 mm (canine) and 0.53 +/- 0.1 (equine). There were no significant differences between the direct caliper and projected thickness measurements or differences between measurements in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants of the eye. Scleral thickness in fresh tissue was greater than in fixed tissue at most sites. CONCLUSIONS: The UBM measurement method appeared to be most consistent and reproducible when compared to direct measurement techniques. Formalin fixation of the eyes was associated with significantly thinner scleral tissue than with fresh ocular tissue.     

Efficacy of enamel matrix proteins on apical periodontal regeneration after experimental apicoectomy in dogs

Adult dogs have a complex apical delta structure in all root apexes of teeth. This complex structure may affect the formation of apical lesions in the teeth such as apical abscesses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of enamel matrix protein (EMP) which was used for periodontal regeneration therapy after an experimental apicoectomy for an assumed apical lesions of the teeth in dogs. The maxillar canine roots and maxillar fourth premolar buccal mesial roots in five beagles were experimentally apicoectomized under general inhalation anesthesia. After the root apex was exposed and excised, EMP was applied on the surface of the exposed dentin. After 12 weeks, dogs were euthanized. and the experimental teeth together with the surrounding soft and hard periodontal tissues were collected for histological evaluation under a light microscope. In the EMP group, the size of the defect where the root apex was removed was smaller than that of the control group. New cementum was dominantly achieved in the EMP group compared to the control group. Furthermore, new collagen fibers that bridged area between the new cementum and new alveolar bone were detected only in the EMP group. The present results demonstrated marked apical periodontal regeneration after apicoectomy in the EMP group. These results, therefore, suggest that the application of EMP can effectively induce the regeneration of periodontal strUctures in apicoectomized dogs.     

Vascular foramina of the metacarpophalangeal sesamoid bones of Greyhounds and their relationship to sesamoid disease

OBJECTIVE: To apply a novel technique and use the number and size (diameter and mean area) of vascular foramina to estimate potential blood supply in the metacarpophalangeal bones of dogs. ANIMALS: 28 Greyhounds. PROCEDURES: The forelimb sesamoid bones of 23 dogs were obtained after dogs were euthanized. Bones were isolated and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The number, diameter, and area of vascular foramina were determined by image analysis. Arterial distribution was assessed by use of resin injection in the sesamoid bones of 5 additional dogs. RESULTS: Sesamoids 2 and 7 had significantly fewer foramina (mean +/- SE, 38.9+/-2.5) and lower total foramen area (0.55+/-0.04 mm(2)), compared with values for other sesamoids (70.4+/-3.3 foramina and 1.43+/-0.06 mm(2), respectively). Mean area and diameter of foramina of sesamoids 2 and 7 were also smaller in some regions. Comparison of the foramen distribution in dogs with sesamoid disease and clinically normal dogs revealed that for sesamoids 2 and 7, intact sesamoids from dogs with sesamoid disease had a significantly lower total foramen area (20 sesamoids from 9 dogs, 0.45+/-0.04 mm(2)), compared with sesamoids in clinically normal dogs (59 sesamoids from 14 dogs, 0.58+/-0.03 mm(2)). However, for sesamoids other than 2 and 7, dogs with sesamoid disease had a significantly greater foramen area. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The restriction of vascular foramina in sesamoids 2 and 7 appeared to mirror the disease distribution and disease risk for specific dogs.     

Elemental composition of teeth with and without odontoclastic resorption lesions in cats

OBJECTIVE: To determine elemental composition of teeth with and without odontoclastic resorption lesions (ORL) in cats. SAMPLE POPULATION: Normal teeth from 22 cadaver cats and ORLaffected teeth from 21 cats admitted to the veterinary hospital for dental treatment. PROCEDURE: An electron microprobe was used to analyze weight percentages of calcium, phosphorus, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, potassium, and iron in enamel, dentin, and cementum. RESULTS: Calcium and phosphorus were the most abundant elements. Fluorine, sodium, and magnesium combined were < 5% and sulfur, potassium, and iron combined were < 0.1% of total elemental composition. In enamel of normal teeth, a significant sex-by-jaw location interaction was seen in mean (+/- SD) phosphorus content, which was higher in mandibular teeth of females (1764+/-0.41%) but lower in mandibular teeth of males (16.71+/-0.83%). Mean iron content in dentin of normal teeth was significantly lower in mandibular teeth than maxillary teeth (0.014+/-0.005% vs 0.023+/-0.019%). Mean enamel sodium content was significantly higher (0.77+/-0.046% vs 0.74+/-0.025) and mean enamel iron content was significantly lower (0.017+/-0.008% vs 0.021+/-0.005%) in ORLaffected teeth, compared with normal teeth. In cementum, mean fluorine content was significantly lower (2.98%+/-0.27 vs 2.99+/-0.20%) and mean magnesium content was significantly lower (0.54+/-0.13% vs 0.60+/-0.13%) in ORL affected teeth, compared with normal teeth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of our study establish baseline mineral content of enamel, dentin, and cementum for normal teeth in cats. Minimal differences in mineral content of enamel and cementum of normal and ORL-affected teeth were detected.