Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Caused by Building and Decoration Materials

The importance of indoor air quality and the effect of volatile organic compounds(VOC) on human health are discussed in this paper,TVOC as a measurement for evaluation of VOC and the VOC pollution control methods and technology for indoor air are also presented.     

Application of Decoration Styles in Different Environments

An interior designer is responsible for beautifying the environment and propagating the cultural aesthetics, he can produce new and original works with his own specific style only by mastering the aesthetic principles, knowing the history, the architectural history, the different decoration styles of the East and the West and the characteristics of each style and their cultural meanings.     

村落文化传承和发展的困境、意义和重构

村落是中国传统社会的独特意蕴,是村落文化形成的基础和重要载体形式。随着城镇化建设的推进,村落文化面临文化发生断裂、文化根基动摇、文化生态格局被瓦解和村落文化传承出现危机的困境。村落文化有助于形成村落共同体意识和维护村落自治格局,助推村落共同价值观念的形成和中华传统文化的传承。重构村落文化,需要建构科学有效的管理体系,建立多元化的资金筹措机制,制定切实可行的法律法规,协调城镇化建设和村落发展的关系。传承和发展村落文化,需要处理好保护和发展的关系,在保护中提升发展的质量。     

棉花叶柄分化率主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

 以2个叶柄分化率性状稳定的棉花材料W10、W12为亲本,构建了两个5个世代联合群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、F_2:3), 采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对这2个群体(W10×TM-1, W12×CCRI12)的叶柄组织培养分化率进行多世代联合分析。结果表明,棉花叶柄组织培养分化率在2个群体中均表现为遗传受2对加性、显性、上位性主基因+加性、显性多基因(E-1模型)控制。2对主基因的加性效应均为正值,均使分化率提高。2个F₂群体显示的主基因遗传率分别为83.22%和74.68%,多基因遗传率分别为10.47%和16.78%。     

植物转基因的非孟德尔遗传

多年的植物基因转化实践表明，外源基因在植物体内的遗传行为十分复杂。本文对转基因植物中外源基因的基本整合方式和遗传类型进行了介绍，并重点讨论了植物转基因的非孟德尔遗传现象及其影响因素，分别从受体植物的遗传背景、配子的存活能力、染色体异常、转基因沉默及转化时采用的方法和策略等方面对造成植物转基因发生非孟德尔遗传的可能原因进行了阐释。对转基因植物遗传规律，特别是非孟德尔遗传现象的研究和阐释，将为改进植物基因转化策略，提高转基因在实践中的应用价值提供理论指导。     

有关棉花黄萎病（Verticillium dahliae Kleb．）抗性遗传研究的几个问题

棉花黄萎病抗性遗传问题迄今尚未获得肯定的结论。据作者等估计，这可能和寄主（棉株）和寄生物（黄萎病镰刀菌）之间的关系、黄萎病菌不同菌系间的互作以及影响抗性鉴定的正确性等问题有关。为此，必须创设有利条件，使寄主和病原菌间的关系得以充分表现；必须了解病原菌菌系间的互作，寄主必须有较大的群体。这一切都是为了寄主和病原物问的关系得以充分体现，为抗性遗传研究奠定基础。抗性遗传研究宜用单菌系接种，并且宜按数量性状和质量性状遗传方式同时进行研究和分析，以便得到比较确切可靠的结果。     

Inheritance of gramine content in barley

The inheritance of gramine indole alkaloid was studied in F1 and F2 generations derived from crosses between wild ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated ( H. vulgare subsp. vulgare) barley at adult stage in the field. The means of gramine content were very low in F1s and F2s in April and May. The ratio of progeny containing gramine to those without gramine (near zero or undetectable) fit a mono-genic or di-genic model in F2 generation. However, the content of gramine might be controlled by minor genes in the gramine-containing plants. The direction of dominance was toward lower gramine content. The averages of dominance ( h/d) in F1 and F2 ranged from partial to complete. Broad-sense heritabilities were high (0.70 to 0.77). The usefulness of hybrids for breeding aphid resistance and possibility increasing palatability of grazing pasture for sheep and cattle is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of duration from sowing to first flowering in pigeonpea

Duration from sowing to flowering is the most important trait influencing adaptation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), but the inheritance of this trait has not been elucidated clearly. Crosses were made between two early (60 to 70d) and one late (160 to 170d) flowering pigeonpea genotype and F₁, F₂ and BC₁ populations produced. These populations, comprising 60 to 100 parents, 30 F₁, 400F₂ and 40 to 50 BC₁ plants, were grown under natural (mean13.4 hd^-1) and artificially extended (to 15 hd^-1) daylength and duration from sowing to first flowering recorded. Genetic analysis of the segregation ratios, supported by Chi-square tests, indicated that the duration from sowing to flowering in each of the crosses was controlled by two genes assorting independently and with predominantly additive quantitative effects. The segregation patterns were most clearly defined in the 15 hd^-1 daylength. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

棉花开放花蕾性状的遗传及其在杂优利用中的应用

棉花开放花蕾主要来源于种间杂交的后代。我国将这一性状称作雌雄异熟系或柱头外露,为便于学术交流,本文建议应与国际上的称法相一致,即开放花蕾。开放花蕾是两对隐性重叠基因所控制,陆地棉与海岛棉均为单节隐性基因纯合体,但基因型不同,各带有一对位点不同的隐性基因。开放花蕾在棉花杂种优势利用中具有应用潜力。尤其是带有低酚标志性状的开放花蕾系“E-81”,有助于提高制种效率。开放花蕾性状的雌、雄蕊发育进度,在减数分裂前是不同步约,但减数分裂后雌配子体的发育速度加快,最舌达到雌、雄配子体同步成熟。 当花柱外露长度达6～7mm时,柱头的生理活性强,是杂交制种中授粉的有利时期。开放花蕾的天然异交率最高为100％,最低为40％,平均达80．4％。     

Inheritance of tolerance to zinc deficiency in barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown on alkaline zinc (Zn)‐deficient soils where reductions in yield and grain quality are frequently reported. Currently, the use of Zn‐based fertilizer along with Zn‐deficiency‐tolerant genotypes is considered the most thorough approach for cropping the Zn‐deficient soils; however, developing or breeding genotypes with higher Zn efficiency requires a good understanding of the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency. This study was conducted to determine genetic control of this trait in barley. Two parental cultivars ('Skiff, moderately tolerant; and ‘Forrest’, sensitive), 185 F₂ plants, and 48 F₂‐derived F₃ families from this cross were screened to determine inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency using a visual score of deficiency symptoms. The segregation ratios observed indicated that greater tolerance to Zn deficiency in ‘Skiff compared with ‘Forrest’ at the seedling stage is controlled by a single gene with no dominance. The results also indicate that visual scores are useful for genetic analysis of tolerance to Zn deficiency.     

Inheritance of Induced Morphological Mutants in Triticutn monococcum L.

The mode of inheritance of fifteen induced morphological mutants in diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L. was determined. The results showed that earliness, reduced height, uniculm, liguleless branched spike, compact ear, and free-threshing habit of each of these mutants is the result of a single recessive mutation. Red awns and xantha traits are controlled by two recessive genes with duplicate and inhibitory gene interactions, respectively. Some of the early and dwarf mutants were non-allelic. One dwarf GA₃-insensitive mutant with recessive gene action may be a new source. Mutants such as early maturing, dwarf and free threshing habit may be of significance in breeding diploid wheat.     

玉米叶片紫色中脉性状的遗传

利用引进的紫黑色种皮玉米随机交配群体,通过杂交和多代单株自交选择,培育出紫色中脉稳定纯系06Z-2。以06Z-2(P₂)和白色中脉自交系L-24(P₁)为材料,创制出F₁、F₂、BC₁和BC₂群体,对玉米叶片紫色中脉性状的遗传特征进行了研究。结果表明,紫色中脉性状属于显性单基因遗传,分离世代中紫色中脉株数与白色中脉株数的分离比符合孟德尔经典遗传学第一定律,且遗传稳定,易于转育。深入开展玉米叶片紫色中脉性状的遗传与应用研究,对于玉米自交系或杂交种防杂保纯、进行种子纯度鉴定、保护知识产权等具有重要的理论与适用价值。     

Inheritance of aroma in rice

Summary Inheritance of an aroma was worked out in crosses between Brimful from Nepal as an aromatic rice and leading Japanese varieties Koshihikari and Nipponbare as non-aromatic ones. The F₂ pattern of segregation for aroma to non-aroma was 3:13 indicating one dose gene for aroma and one dose inhibitor gene in two crosses. This ratio was confirmed by genetic behavior of F₃ populations.     

Inheritance of long grain rice amylograph viscosity characteristics

Southern United States long grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a unique market type characterized by intermediate amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and amylograph viscosity profile characteristics. Rice breeders sometimes use long grain germplasm with differing amylograph viscosity profiles. The inheritance of rice amylograph viscosity profiles has not been ascertained and, thus, was the objective of this study. A six parent diallel (parents plus F₁ hybrids) was evaluated at Stuttgart, AR during 1994 and 1995. In 1994, 65 F₂ plants from the ‘L-202’ × ‘Newrex’ and L-202 × ‘Katy’ crosses were space planted, and in 1995, the 65 F_2:3 lines were planted as hill plots. The inheritance of amylograph viscosity profiles appeared to be controlled by a single locus with genes with additive effects. The results of the diallel analysis also support control by a single locus with genes with additive effects because GCA effects were significant and SCA effects nonsignificant for peak, hot paste, and cool paste viscosities. Intermediate amylose content and intermediate amylograph viscosity profiles were strongly correlated. Selection first for intermediate amylose content followed by reselection for intermediate hot paste viscosities would identify long grain genotypes with southern United States long grain cooking quality in progeny from crosses between southern United States long grain rice genotypes and softer cooking long grain genotypes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of the stem rust resistance phenotype Pg-a in oats

Forty stem rust resistant oat cultivars and lines were selected from Australian oat breeding programs, Quaker Oat Nurseries and a Brazilian oat collection. Most, including the Pg-a reference stock Omega, were crossed with a susceptible line in order to study the inheritance of resistance. Omega was crossed with 15 resistant selections and a further 15 intercrosses were made among resistant selections. All selected lines possessed Pg-a which was inherited as a pair of recessive complementary genes. All crosses among resistant lines failed to segregate. In the majority of resistant/susceptible crosses, the F2 ratio was 1 resistant: 2 intermediate: 13 susceptible, whereas in others it was 1 resistant: 15 susceptible. Progenies of plants with intermediate reactions always segregated. Although Kyto with Pg-12 was a parent of Omega, Pg-12 was not present in any resistant line and was not involved in the Pg-a response. The respective complementary genes were isolated in stem rust susceptible lines, which when intercrossed, segregated in F2 to produce resistant plants in the expected frequencies and with the typical Pg-a phenotype. The lack of effective genetic variability for stem rust resistance among important sources of germplasm used by Australian oat breeders is a major cause for concern.     

Inheritance and genetic linkage analysis of a firm-ripening tomato mutant

The tomato cv. ‘Santa Clara’ is widely cultivated among tomato producers in most of the South‐east of Brazil. Recently, some plants of this cultivar were identified with morphological alterations in both vegetative and reproductive organs. These plants showed firm (firme) ripe fruits, slow and delayed ripening. They also had yellow leaves associated with precocious senescence and flowers with pale stigmas. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic model of inheritance for this mutation and to evaluate its effects on shelf life and loss of firmness in mature fruits, as well as analyse the occurrence of genetic relationships between this putative mutant and other pleiotropic mutants. Mutated plants were crossed with the non‐mutant cv. ‘Santa Clara’ and some previously described pleiotropic mutants. Seeds of F₁ and F₂ generations and backcrosses were obtained for the segregation analysis. Morphological characteristics modified by this mutation are governed by a recessive gene with pleiotropic effects. In addition, the test of allelism showed a lack of genetic complementation between the ‘firme’ mutant and lutescent‐2 mapped on chromosome 10. Fruits of the ‘firme’ mutant had a slower rate of softening compared with the cv. ‘Santa Clara’ and its hybrids. The fruit shelf life of the mutant ‘firme’ was significantly superior to the other genotypes. No maternal effect was detected in either qualitative or quantitative characteristics. Based on the data, the mutation ‘firme’ in the cv. ‘Santa Clara’ is located in the region containing the l‐2 locus, which promoted alterations in ripening and post‐harvest physiology of fruits. The mutation ‘firme’ may represent a new allele of the gene lutescent‐2 or a gene linked to physiological events of fruit ripening.     

Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum)

The genetics of chill-related seed dormancy, exhibited by a lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) genotype native to North America, was investigated. Less than 1 % of the seeds germinated by direct hydration at 20°C, while full germination (98%) was attained by chilling imbibed seeds, for at least 11 days, at 3°C, before transferring them to 20°C. The inheritance of seed dormancy was analyzed in F₁, BC₁, and F₂, populations, derived from mating between a normal non-chill-requiring genotype (P₁) and the above chill-requiring genotype (P₂). F₁ seeds, of both reciprocals, and BC₁ (P₁) seeds were all non-dormant. The proportion of seed dormancy in F₂ and BC, (P₂) was 0.06 and 0.68, respectively. The inheritance model proposed includes six diallelic loci with cumulative effects, in which the presence of at least nine ‘dormancy-conferring’ alleles is necessary for inducing phenotypic seed dormancy. Possible implications of inherent seed dormancy on the utilization of native lisianthus germplasm for breeding are discussed.     

芸薹属油菜及其近缘属作物种皮纹饰亚微结构研究

由于种子表面具蜡质和脂肪,采用常规制样方法往往不能获得种皮纹饰的清晰图像,经二甲苯、石油醚严格脱蜡,脱酯后油菜种皮纹饰在扫描电镜睛清晰可见。本文比较分析了白菜型油菜（Ｂ．ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ,ＡＡ）,黑芥（Ｂ．ｎｉｇｒａ,ＢＢ）,甘蓝（Ｂ．ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ,ＣＣ）,甘蓝型油菜（Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ,ＡＡＣＣ）、芥菜型油菜（Ｂ．ｊｕｎｃｅａ,ＡＡＢＢ）、埃塞俄比亚芥（Ｂ．ｃａｒｉｎａｔａ,ＢＢＣＣ）、油用