激素间相互作用对植物茎伸长生长的调控综述

植物茎的伸长受多种内外因素的调节和控制，其中内部的内源植物激素如赤霉素、生长素等的调控起重要作用，且内源激素不但通过内源激素水平调控，而且还通过激素间的相互作用调节和控制茎的伸长。笔者介绍了各种内源植物激素（如生长素与赤霉素、生长素与油菜素内酯，赤霉素与油菜素内酯，生长素与乙烯等）之间的相互作用调控植物茎的伸长生长的研究概况。     

利用水稻MAGIC群体关联定位白叶枯病抗性QTL和创制抗病新种质

以8个不同亲本构建的遗传上相互关联的多亲本高代互交系(multi-parents advanced generation inter-cross, MAGIC)群体,包括2个4亲本群体(DC1和DC2)和1个8亲本群体(DC3)为材料,接种我国白叶枯病强致病力V型菌系(GD-V)和弱致病力II型菌系(C2),关联分析定位MAGIC群体对白叶枯病的抗性QTL,筛选抗病种质。结果表明,大多数亲本对C2菌系表现抗病,而对GD-V表现感病,3个MAGIC群体的病斑长度均出现超亲分离。共检测到7个白叶枯病抗性QTL,大多表现数量抗性,而且抗性QTL表达存在明显的遗传背景效应。QBbr11-1和QBbr11-2受遗传背景影响较小,具有一定的育种应用价值。从3个群体筛选出8份不同抗病QTL聚合的抗病材料,表明质量抗性基因和水平抗性数量性状位点的结合可以显著提高抗性水平。8份不同抗病QTL的聚合系可以用作抗病育种的中间抗源。研究结果表明,MAGIC群体可以将遗传研究和育种应用有机结合,是遗传研究和开展标记辅助育种的理想群体。     

Principle and Algorithm lmplement of Ehanced Full-rate Speech Coding

Speech coders have assumed considerable importance in radio communication systems as their performance,to a large extent,determines the quality of the recovered speech and the capacity of the system.In order to enhance the quality of speech,GSM puts forward the EFR speech coding algorithm.It bases on the LPC coder,the encoding information includes not only speech feature parameters,but also some wave information,due to the application of A_B_S and VQ. It can afford TD_SCDMA a feasible encodec algorithm,for its high quality and the 12.2kbps speech rate. This article starting with the principal concepts of speech coding,introduces the pringciple of speech coding and ACELP algebraic code book search algorithm in detail.     

Functional source separation to finger tappingrelated magnetoencephalography signal

It has been verified that the ICA can isolate sources from multi channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. Based on the route of constrained ICA (cICA), this paper achieves a new solution of MEG inverse problem called functional source separation (FSS) by adding a functional constraint to the cost function of a basic ICA model. Source activity is obtained by applying this method to one MEG signal dataset under a self paced finger tapping task. The result is proved effective by calculating correlation coefficients between the weight vectors of function source separation method and the spatial filter coefficients of SAM method. It is found that finger tapping related functional source was localized in motor cortex of precentral gyrus. At the same time, the temporal and frequency information provided by FSS method could be a basis of exploring cortical control timing mechanisms associated with finger movements and extracting time frequency characteristics of the functional source.     

异色瓢虫对菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜的捕食作用

异色瓢虫是一种重要的捕食性天敌,可捕食多种蚜虫,在生物防治中具有很大应用前景。研究了异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫(即菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜)的捕食功能反应。结果表明:异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫的日捕食量中,其中四龄幼虫最大,成虫和三龄幼虫次之,1、2龄幼虫最小。捕食者对猎物的功能反应均属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程。     

五种储粮害虫11个品系的磷化氢抗性测定

本文运用FAO(1975)推荐的测定储粮害虫磷化氢抗性的方法，对米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、平米象和锯谷盗五种储粮害虫的11个品系进行毒力测定，得出它们的LC50值，米象的LS2和GDSo，玉米象HNZZSz—l和GDGZSz—l，谷蠢的QQRd和Rd一7，赤拟谷盗的QQTc-4、SDQHTc—l和HNSQTc—l以及锯谷盗VOs48和HNNYOs—1等11个品系的磷化氢致死中浓度(LC50)分别为0．0088和1．3006，0．0057和0．0058，0．0042和1．3779，0．0047、2．1009和0．9926以及0．0073和0．00090mg/L。其中磷化氢敏感品系为LS2、QQRd、QQTc—4、HNZZSz—l、GDGZSz—l、VOs48和HNNYOs—1；抗性品系为GDSo、RD-7、SDQHTc-l和HNSQTc—l，抗性系数Rf分别为148、327、449和212倍，抗性非常严重。测定结果为今后的磷化氢抗性研究工作提供了基础数据。     

低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦光合作用特性的影响

研究了低温胁迫下施钼对冬小麦钼高效品系97003和钼低效品系97014叶片光合参数的影响。结果表明，低温胁迫下施钼显著提高2个品系叶片的净光合速率(P_n)和气孔限制值(L_s)，显著降低叶片气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和蒸腾速率(T_r)。随着低温处理时间的延     

Comparisons of quantitative trait locus mapping properties between two methods of recombinant inbred line development

Theoretical comparisons for quantitativetrait loci (QTL) mapping properties wereconducted among simulated recombinantinbred (RI) populations developed bysingle-hill (SH), complete bulk, and singleseed descent (SSD) procedures by MonteCarlo simulations based on variouspopulation sizes, heritabilities, and QTLeffects. Our simulations includedestimation of QTL effects, QTL positions,and statistical testing power in the RIpopulations by comparing the estimates withpreset values. The simulation resultsshowed that the single hill (SH) bulk andsingle seed descent RI populations weregenerally not significantly different withrespect to quality of estimated QTL effectsand positions. Furthermore, when each RIpopulation had 150 lines, each couldprovide desirable properties for QTLmapping. The results implied that a SH RIpopulation consisting of 75 or moreF₂-derived families with two lines perfamily (corresponding population size of150 or above) was appropriate for QTLmapping and was not significantly differentthan a SSD RI population of 150. Thus, theSH method could be used to develop largenumbers of RI lines for achieving betterresults in QTL mapping. Simulations alsoshowed that there was no significantdifference between means using SH methodswith 10 and 100 fruits per family. However, RI populations developed by thecomplete bulk method where F₂identities are lost were not suitable forQTL mapping.     

CIII-1菌株胞外抗菌蛋白诱导辣椒抗炭疽病作用研究-对防御酶体系的影响

为了解CIII-1抗菌蛋白对辣椒炭疽病的防病机理,本文研究了用CIII-1抗菌蛋白处理后的辣椒果内可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）含量及过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性变化。结果表明：CIII-1抗菌蛋白粗提液喷雾后立即接种辣椒炭疽,9 d的防治效果为 81.82%,13 d仍有52.00%;抗菌蛋白处理辣椒果后,可溶性蛋白及MDA含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）变化不明显,其它3种防御酶在辣椒体内都有明显提高,但各酶活提高程度、酶活高峰出现的时间不同,说明不同的酶在辣椒体内发挥作用的时间不同。因此,CIII-1抗菌蛋白可通过诱导植株防御酶系活性的提高增强植株的抗病性。     

Intel I igent Distributed Control System- Combination of Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Control System

This paper gives a simple introduction about artificial intelligence (AI) and distributed control system (DCS). It suggests an idea of intelligent distributed control system (IDCS), moreover, in this paper, the hardware composition and the software composition of IDCS were provided.     

厚皮甜瓜衰老过程中保护性酶类的变化

以黄河蜜、银帝、玉金香3个不同品种的厚皮甜瓜为试材,分析测定其在衰老过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化情况.结果显示,POD活性与CAT活性变化相似,呈上升-下降-上升趋势,而SOD则呈下降-上升-下降趋势.3种酶活性的高低与品种耐贮性相关,耐贮品种的POD、SOD活性高于不耐贮的品种;而CAT活性则低于不耐贮的品种.     

Identification of genomic regions linked to blast (Pyricularia grisea) resistance in pearl millet

Blast disease causes serious economic yield losses in pearl millet. Identification and introgression of genomic regions associated with blast resistance can help to develop resistant cultivars to minimize yield losses incurred from blast outbreaks. In this study, 384 advanced pearl millet genotypes were screened against six blast pathotype-isolates (major pearl millet growing agro-ecologies of India), namely, Pg 45, Pg 118, Pg 138, Pg 186, Pg 204 and Pg 232. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < .001) variation among genotypes for blast reaction (susceptible to resistance). ICMR 08111 and ICMR 10888 genotypes showed resistance to all six blast pathotypes. A genome-wide association study performed with 264,241 single nucleotide polymorphic markers could successfully identify 15 SNPs (P = 1.26 × 10⁻⁷ to 9.22 × 10⁻¹²) underlying the genomic regions governing blast-resistance across five different chromosomes. The SNPs reported had a significant association in at least two of the three models tested (GLM, MLM and Farm CPU). These SNPs can be used in pearl millet-resistant breeding programmes after their function has been validated across different genetic backgrounds.     

分子标记辅助选育抗稻白叶枯病的低温敏核不育系3178S

本研究以IRBB21为Xa21基因供体，籼型低温敏不育系399S为低温核不育系基因供体，采用杂交和回交方法，逐代用分子标记检测手段，导入广谱抗白叶枯病基因Xa21和低温敏核不育系基因，聚合双亲的有利性状，育成抗白叶枯病的籼型低温敏核不育系3178S，其抗性达到了IRBB21的抗性水平，且保持了399S稳定的育性和双亲的优良经济性状。     

利用分子标记辅助选择优质蛋白玉米近等基因系

为了扩增优质蛋白玉米育种新种质,用普通玉米种质转育创制优质蛋白玉米(QPM)近等基因系;利用SSR标记phi057进行辅助选择,以优质蛋白玉米种质为o2基因供体,转导、构建来自不同遗传背景普通玉米种质为受体的QPM近等基因系。结果表明：利用共显性SSR标记引物phi057在o2基因供体自交系与普通玉米受体自交系间表现多态性,能区分O2O2、O2o2和o2o2等3种基因型,来自不同遗传背景种质所构建获得的QPM近等基因系赖氨酸含量有不同程度提高,赖氨酸含量达到0.36%~0.42%,不同遗传背景受体自交系赖氨酸增加幅度9.1%~64.0%。普通玉米种质导入供体o2基因后能够提高种质赖氨酸含量。     

小麦光腥黑粉菌对小麦三种防御酶活性的影响

为明确小麦光腥黑粉菌侵染小麦后对小麦茎、叶、穗部防御酶活性的影响,本研究以高感小麦光腥黑穗病品种'东选3号'和高抗小麦矮腥黑穗病品种'伊农18/兰考矮早8号'为供试材料,测定小麦被光腥黑粉菌侵染0～6 d后,小麦的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧歧化物酶(SOD)的活性变化.研究表明,两个小麦品种的防御...     

Multifunctional Landscape Actor-Network Construction from the Perspective of Rural Tourism Experiences

During the construction of multifunctional landscape(MFL) actor-network, economic, social, and ecological functions presented significant differences, which resulted from the different roles and effects of various heterogeneous actors according to the tourism experience. In Hekou Village at the border area between China and North Korea, the roles and effects of heterogeneous actors during the MFL actor-network construction were analyzed by means of the analytic network process(ANP), which verified the Groundings-Entrepreneurship-Markets(GEM) theoretical framework of the MFL actor-network that assumed tourism experiences were core actors, and economic, social, and ecological landscape actors acted as support. Research results showed that in the MFL actornetwork construction, social and economic functions of landscapes were strong, while ecological and tourism experience functions were weak and that folk customs and land utilization were key actors of the MFL actor-network construction. In the MFL actor-network construction, actors played different roles and had different effects on the network. Intelligence facilities and rurality were critical to drive the MFL actor network translation process and pass through "obligatory passage point". By changing the interaction mode and intensity of the actors, the MFL actor-network could be promoted.     

Functions of time for growth characters,their evaluation and approximation to examine differences between genotypes

Summary As a follow up to a previous paper on growth curves (Keuls & Garretsen, 1982) a procedure is described to derive functions of time for growth characters from elementary growth curves which are suited for statistical analysis.For each plot from the parameters , , of the second degree growth curves of type + (t–t) + (t–t)², corresponding functions of time (of harvest) are obtained for the derived growth characters: relative growth rate (of dry weight per plant), net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio. The elementary growth curves concern ln W, ln LA and ln LW, where W = dry weight per plant, LA = leaf area per plant, LW = leaf dry weight per plant.Only relative growth rate is a simple linear expression in t, i.e., + 2(t–t), where t represents average harvest time.The functions for the four other growth characters are approximated by quadratic functions in t, such that for each plot a curve is characterized by a triple of parameters f(t), f(t), % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaKabGfaammaalaaaba% Gaaiymaaqaaiaackdaaaaaaa!3946!\[\frac{1}{2}\]f(t), representing respectively mean, slope and curvature for that plot at time t The approximation of the function of time is given by f(t) + (t–t)f(t) + % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaKabGfaammaalaaaba% Gaaiymaaqaaiaackdaaaaaaa!3946!\[\frac{1}{2}\](t–t)²f(t).These sets of parameters per plot: (, , ) for ln W(t) etc.; (, 2, 0) for RGR(t) or (f(t), f(t), % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaKabGfaammaalaaaba% Gaaiymaaqaaiaackdaaaaaaa!3946!\[\frac{1}{2}\]f(t)) for the four other growth characters can be analysed by the MANOVA-procedure for 3 parameters as exemplified by Keuls & Garretsen (1982).     

A blind adaptive reduced-rank receiver for ultra-wideband communication systems

A low-complexity blind adaptive receiver for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems in the presence of both multiple access interference (MAI) and inter symbol interference (ISI) is proposed, which is composed of two stages. In the first stage, a reduced-rank algorithm based on the multi-stage Wiener filter (MSWF) is considered to suppress the MAI and extract multi-path components. Channel estimation using the projection approximation subspace tracking with deflation (PASTd) algorithm and multi-path combining are then performed to further enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the desired user in the second stage. The simulation results show that the proposed receiver exhibits reasonably good bit error ratio (BER) performance compared with those of matched filter, conventional Rake receiver, decorrelating Rake receiver and adaptive receiver based on constant modulus algorithm (CMA). Moreover, it has faster convergence speed and less complexity.     

多环境下稻米粒重的QTL定位

以粳稻Asominori为遗传背景的染色体片段置换系（CSSLs）群体为材料,利用基于性状-标记多元回归分析方法对稻谷粒重和精米粒重进行多环境的QTL定位。结果在5个环境共检测到6个粒重相关QTL,分布于第1、6、7和8染色体上,对表型变异的贡献率介于13%~35%;其中控制精米粒重的qMRW-1a和稻谷粒重的qPRW-1在不同环境中均能稳定表达,且均位于第1染色体RFLP标记XNpb113附近,该基因座还同时控制着粒宽。qMRW-1a和qPRW-1共同对应的置换系AIS8和AIS11与Asominori 的粒重差异在不同环境中均显著(P < 0.05),表明该QTL的等位基因在不同环境中效应显著。比较发现该QTL在不同遗传群体中均能被重复检测到,且与蔗糖磷酸合酶基因（SPS）位置一致,推测该QTL与淀粉合成代谢有关。qMRW-1a 和qPRW-1在不同环境条件和遗传背景中表达,因此可用于进一步的精细定位研究。     

普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)抗稻褐飞虱新基因的鉴定与利用

稻褐飞虱(BPH,NilaparvatalugensSt#l)是中国和世界稻区最严重的水稻害虫之一,发现和利用新抗性基因和进行抗性种质创新对于稻褐飞虱抗性品种的培育具有重要的意义。本研究进行了1200多份普通野生稻(OryzarufipogonGriff)种质对多种BPH生物型的抗性鉴定,获得了30份抗性资源,其中6份对分布于世界主要稻区的稻褐飞虱生物型1和2、孟加拉、湄公河(越南)、九龙江(越南)、潘特纳加(印度)等6种生物型或其中5种具有广谱高抗性。遗传分析证明了这些种质对BPH生物型2和九龙江生物型的抗性受2对重复作用隐性基因控制,对潘特纳加生物型的抗性受1对隐性基因控制,表明抗源对不同褐飞虱生物型具有不同的遗传机制。普通野生稻材料2183存在的2对隐性基因很可能是新发现的基因,因为在这些染色体区域还没报道有BPH抗性基因,这两对基因暂命名为bph18(t)和bph19(t)。研究总共培育出143份抗性创新种质和6份抗性品系或高产优质杂交水稻组合,这些优良的抗性创新种质为培育抗性新品种建立了坚实的基础。