Influence of Shock Loading on the Operating Performance of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Wastewater from a slaughtering house was treated by an anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR). The effects of variable loads on the operating performance of the ABR were studied. The results show that the ABR was very stable with respect to shock loading due to its special structure. The change in COD removal efficiency was less than 5% when the influent COD concentration was kept between 2 500~3 000 mg/L and the HRT decreased from 27.5h to15h. When HRT was kept for 20h and the influent COD concentration increased from 2 500 mg/L to 4 800 mg/L, COD removal efficiency only decreased by 69% the second day after the load change.     

Advance in New Technology of Biological Nutrient Removal

General situation studying on new technology of biological nutrient removal is summarized, such as the principle of denitrifying dephosphataion and factors affecting it , such as pH, DO, SRT, MISS etc. The principle of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and factors affecting it are given, such as carbon source, DO, the property of activated sludge ect. The principle of shortcut nitrification -denitrification and factors affecting it is also given such as temperature, pH, the concentration of ammonia, DO etc. The principle of anaerobic ammonium oxidation and factors affecting if is proposed such as stayer, pH, temperature etc. The technics and its peculiarity of these new technology of biological nutrient removal is commented.     

Process of Oxic to Affect the System of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal

The phenomenon of denitrifying can be found under the condition of anaerobic/anoxic(A/A) in the biological phosphorus removal. It is found through the test that: The ability of denitrifying phosphorus removal in the system of A/A-SBR is lower than the system of A/AO-SBR, and along with the time increasing in the system of A/A-SBR, the ability of phosphorus removal would weaken, Ys will also decrease gradually from initial 0.22 gMLSS/gCOD.d to zero or even minus. The result of test indicates that the key to make the system oprerate steadily is increasing the latter aerobic time. However,the longer aerobic time will result in the accumulation of NO_3-N, and restrain the system of A/AO-SBR from removing phosphorus. It is also found in the test that the latter aeration for 0.5 h would ensure not only steady operation, but also good effect of phosphorus removal in the system of A/AO-SBR.     

Effect of Nitrite on Anaerobic Metabolism of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms

Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludges were used to investigate the effect of nitrite on anaerobic metabolism of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). It is found that tolerance of PAOs to nitrite in two sludges were different. In the sludge with enriched PAOs cultures treating synthetic wastewater, when nitrite is above 10 mg/L, it inhibits VFA-uptake of PAOs, leading to decrease of PHA synthesis and increase of phosphate release. In the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification treating real domestic wastewater, anaerobic metabolism of PAOs is not inhibited even when nitrite is 30 mg/L; however, the presence of nitrite in anaerobic period causes denitrifying bacteria compete for limited carbon sources with PAOs, resulting in decrease of PHA synthesis and phosphate release. For the enriched PAOs cultures, the ratio of P/VFA obviously increases when nitrite is added in the reactor, indicating increased energy requirement for PAOs to take up VFA. The quantification results for PAOs in two sludges using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) show that the PAOs level is 55% in the enriched PAOs cultures, and 7.6% in the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification.     

Approach to the Enhancement of Removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Oxidation Ditch

In response to the characteristic of oxidation ditch and its limitation in removal of phosphorus and nitrogen,the research of the biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in micro-environment and macroenvironment was reviewed.The process of enhancing phosphorus and nitrogen removal was discussed,the way to improve the phosphorus and nitrogen removal was presented:(1)the proper sequential arrangement of the locations of aerator,influent,effluent and return sludge to form the reversed A~2/O process;(2)forming more rigorously anaerobic zone by means of vertical flow circle;(3)the proper supply of oxygen,to avoid insufficiency of aerobic phosphorus uptake and nitrification with low oxygen supply;While to keep from overmuch waste of carbon source going against de-nitrification,and high oxygen concentration going against anaerobic phosphorus release due to high oxygen supply;(4)the proper hydraulic parameter and oxygen supply mode.     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其处理高浓度猪场废水的试验研究

通过城市污水处理厂的活性污泥培养出好氧颗粒污泥并处理高浓度猪场废水,对pH值、溶解氧浓度、进水浓度等主要操作条件进行了单因素试验。实验结果表明,颗粒污泥具有良好的生物活性。在进水氨氮浓度较高(>800mg/L)、pH为8左右、溶解氧浓度在2.0mg/L的条件下,稳定运行数天后,氨氮和COD的去除率均可达到80%以上。     

Domestic Sewage Treatment Using Three-stage SBR Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Process

Based on the mechanism of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the collision between on nutrient and resident time is given. In order to solve this problem, a new process for wastewater biological treatment- three-stage SBR process has been developed. Three- stage SBR process treat domestic sewage is applied, which controls various kinds of bacteria optimum growth with the different function that responsibility for removal organics, nitrogen and phosphorus existed in the different reactors and combine with the denitr/fying phosphorus removing process . The experiment results show that ,the three-stage SBR process not only improved the treatment efficiency that COD ,TN,and TPaverage removal efficiency is 87% ,80% and 86% , but also saved the energy cost. removal. The process can make better effect on simultaneous nutrients removal, simple operation and low cost will make a good application prospect for it.     

Analysis of Phosphorus Removal in the Non-backflow Intermittent Aeration System

In this paper the phosphorus removal performance has been studied in Non-backflow Intermittent Aeration System (NBIAS), when the aeration duration and SRT were adjusted. At the same time, nitrogen removal was also studied. Test results show that when the cycle duration is 6 h., anaerobic duration 1.5h. sedimentation and displacement time 0.5 h. and SRT=20 d,aerobic ratio 0.42, the removal efficiency for CODcr, nitrogen and phosphorus will be 85%, 75% and 69%, respectively.     

施磷量对黑木相思苗木生长的影响

为探究黒木相思苗木生长变化对磷肥的反映机制,本研究对1a生黑木相思(Acacia melanoxylon)苗木采用随机区组设计,设置了7个不同施肥量处理(0、50、75、100、125、150、200 mg P/株),测定并分析其苗高、地径、生物量及根系形态指标。结果表明：不同施磷量对苗木高生长、地径、生物量(地上部分、地下部分生物量)以及根系的生长都起促进作用,随时间和施磷量的增加,黑木相思根长、根平均直径、根表面积、根体积、苗高、地径、生物量总体表现均有所增加,总量为100 mg/株的等量施磷量对苗木生长促进作用效果最佳,试验结束时(即施肥第12 wk),该处理的根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、苗高、地径、生物量(地上、地下部分)分别为417.09 cm、35.16 cm2、0.46cm、0.48cm3、36.2mm、2.30mm、1.236g(地上部分)、0.227g(地下部分),其中根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积分别比对照增加了81.2%、110.7%、61.2%和127.1%。     

SBBR反应器SND脱氮的影响因素分析及响应曲面优化

采用活性炭涂层改性悬浮填料,在连续曝气的条件下,考察了SBBR反应器脱氮性能。结果表明,SBBR反应器表现出良好的同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮性能,对NH₃-N和TN的去除率分别为80.7%和63.1%。典型周期内反应器同步硝化反硝化率可达82.7%。单因素试验发现,脱氮率随着曝气时间t的增加而增加,随着溶解氧质量浓度ρ_DO和填料投加量δ增大而先增大后减小。同时,以溶解氧质量浓度、填料投加量和曝气时间为考察因素,脱氮率为评价指标,采用响应曲面法建立了二次多元回归模型。通过模型求解得出最佳工况:溶解氧浓度为2.37 mg/L,填料投加量为40.10%,曝气时间为5.17 h,此时,脱氮率得到最大值为69.28%。验证试验表明,回归模型的预测值与实测值偏差率为1.57%。     

改性钢渣的制备及其吸附除磷性能

研究了改性钢渣吸附除磷影响因素、等温吸附线特征和吸附动力学,并对生物处理后的出水进行吸附除磷研究。结果表明：在初始磷浓度10 mg/L,投加量10 g/L、pH为7时,改性钢渣吸附后总磷浓度为0.687 mg/L,去除率达93%;改性钢渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量是1.977 mg/g,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）;实际生活污水的吸附除磷中,投加量为50 g/L,反应2 h后出水总磷浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标的排放要求。     

甲烷氧化混合菌的高密度培养和PHB合成

甲烷氧化菌混合菌群是一类能够以甲烷和甲醇等C1-化合物为碳源生长,并合成PHB的混合微生物。研究了甲烷氧化混合菌培养基中重要营养成分,包括NH4+,NO3-,HPO42-,H2PO4-,Fe3+,Mg2+浓度以及碳源对细胞生长、PHB积累的影响作用。以此为依据,建立适于混合菌高密度生长的第一阶段和高PHB含量的第二阶段的培养基组成。通过二阶段发酵培养,细胞干质量浓度达到1.67 g/L,PHB质量分数达到61.5%,产量为1.021 g/L,为PHB的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

土壤供磷水平与冬小麦合理施肥

因土施肥的关键在于如何确定土壤肥力水平.根据我们按统一方案进行的多年多点田间肥料试验结果认为,土壤诸养分中速效磷含量的高低与产量有较好的相关关系:y=8.25+62.46logP r=0.8618~(**)(y为产量百分数,p为土壤速效磷测试值),所以用土壤速效磷含量做为土壤肥力指标之一在河北是可行的.根据不同土壤供磷水平配置了三个肥效方程,算出不同供磷水平土壤的经济最佳施肥量和氮磷肥施用比例,也可预测产量幅度.本试验结果从宏观上提出了河北省冬小麦施肥配方,对指导小麦科学施肥有重要意义,同时为国家安排生产和调配化肥提供了科学依据.     

生物活性炭流化床对生物柴油废水的降解效应与化学势变

为了解决生物柴油废水生化处理难度大、效率低等问题。采用生物活性炭流化床工艺处理生物柴油废水,研究试验系统COD的降解效应与化学势变。结果表明：试验系统具有良好的处理效果,采用四级串联系统可使末端出水COD浓度达到GB 18918—2002中一级B标准。试验系统COD去除的基本过程可用吸附-好氧生物降解两级反应来描述,好氧生物降解反应中COD的去除率随串联级数增大而增大,说明好氧降解的总贡献率与系统串联级数呈正相关。试验系统COD去除反应的化学势变为负值,其绝对值随单元级数增大而增大,说明系统COD的去除是自发反应,系统去除COD能力随串联级数增大而增强,好氧生物降解反应在维持系统处理效果稳定中发挥着重要作用。     

RESEARCHS ON THE SLAUGHTER WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN A GAS-LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR

This paper studies the performance of a gas-Iiquid-solid fluidizedbed bioreactor(FBB)for the slaughter treatment.The results show that the COD removal rate is higher than 80% when COD concentration in the influent waste-water is about 1000mg/1 and the hydrauIic residence time(HRT)is 124.5 minutes.n the experiments,the crushed granular shale used as media in FBB has advan-tages of slight weight,easy fluidization,ease of attaching by microbes and cheap-ness.     

Simulation on the Characteristics of Flow Pattern in Sprial uP-flow Reactor

In order to analyze the reason why the Spiral Up-flow Reactor system has excellent removal effect of COD, N and P, the authors use PHOENICS, a computational fluid dynamics program, to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and flow model of the anaerobic part of Spiral uP-flow reactor. The result shows that the fluid in the reactor unit flowed upward by the spiral way, and that flow pattern was combined by plug flow and complete-mix flow, and that the percentage of plug flow was about sixty-five percent. Spiral Up-flow Reactor units the Characteristics of PFR and CSTR, which makes it work well.     

水力停留时间对人工湿地运行的影响

通过室内模拟水平潜流式人工湿地和水平均匀布水方式观察人工湿地出水水质,设置了4 个实验方案,分析其对COD、TN和TP 的去除效果,以确定最佳水力停留时间。结果表明：水力停留时间为3 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是54.04%、65.83%和80.79%;当水力停留时间为2 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是75.93%、74.97%和77.34%;当水力停留时间为1 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是73.19%、56.20%和73.36%;当水力停留时间为0.5 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP 的平均去除率分别是46.46%、34.91%和47.04%。若只关注人工湿地出水水质,采用水力停留时间为2天时,可以保证其出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)》Ⅴ类标准。     

白皮松组织培养研究

为建立高效的再生体系,以白皮松成熟胚,子叶为外植体,经过初代培养和继代增殖培养,研究了不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、活性炭、GA3在组培各阶段的作用。结果表明：适合子叶诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+TDZ 0.01 mg/L,适合胚诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;适宜的继代培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L;以预处理胚（切除下胚轴）为外植体适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L;活性炭对芽增殖无显著作用,随活性炭浓度提高增殖系数有下降趋势;适量的活性炭和GA3可有效促进芽伸长。     

Review on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Bio-filter

In this paper, the new development of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bio-filter in home and abroad is summarized.The factors influencing the nitrification-de-nitrification, nitration-denitration, phosphorous removal and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in bio-filter reactor are reviewed.It is pointed out that further improving the operation, enhancing the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and advancing the process of bio-filter is the aim of study in the future.     

A Study of Residential Grey Water Treated by Subsurface Horizontal Constructed Wetland

Ceramsite and natural zeolite were used as mixed substrates in subsurface horizontal constructed wetland which is planted with Yellow flag to investigate the treatment efficiency of real residential grey water, Inflow rate was 50l/d, HRT was 2d. The wetland reduced COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and turbidity from 164mg/l,4.3mg/l,5.2mg/l,0.44mg/l,82.4NTU to 70 mg/l, 1.07 mg/l, 2.07 mg/l, 0.33 mg/l, 7.27NTU, removal efficiency was respectively 57.32%,75.19%,60.26%,24.24%,91.18%,and have a good performance in COD,NH3-N,TN, turbidity treatment. Used synthetic grey water to study different HRT effect of wetland. Increasing HRT could be increase the wetland ability of COD, NH3-N removal. When the HRT was 3d, the wetland had the best decontamination effect. The removal efficiency of COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,turbidity was respectively 68.46%,81.75%,66.67%,34%,86.91%.