甘肃黄鸡早期生长性能的分析

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的选育效果及其利用价值，试验对甘肃黄鸡早期生长性能进行了系统测定。结果表明，甘肃黄鸡１１周龄时平均体重为１７９５．９１ｇ，全期料肉比为２．９３，成活率较高（９４．００％）；甘肃黄鸡９周龄时体重接近１．５ｋｇ，有一定的市场意义，可以考虑及早上市；对甘肃黄鸡体重进行选择时，应同时注意对胫长的适当控制。     

甘肃黄鸡屠体性状和肉品质的测定

利用屠宰试验对甘肃黄鸡的屠体性状及肉品质进行了测定与分析。结果表明,甘肃黄鸡平均８７．５日龄体重达２．０ｋｇ;其屠宰率、全净膛率和胸腿肌率分别为９０．８１％、６９．８５％和５３．２０％,均接近于速长型的艾维茵肉鸡,胸肌横切面积为４２．４０ｃｍ＾２;肌肉ｐＨ值变化范围在５．８７～６．６８之间,各项肉品质指标均在正常范围。     

日粮中总含硫氨基酸水平对优质黄羽肉鸡生产性能和胴体性状的影响

优质黄羽肉鸡（饲养期９０d、体重１．８～２．０kg）以其肉味鲜美受消费者的青睐，由于其遗传型有别于快速生长的白色肉鸡和一般黄羽肉鸡（饲养期６０～７０d、体重２．０～２．２kg），对日粮中各种营养成分的需要量有所不同，我国制定的地方肉用黄鸡饲养标准包括对能量、蛋白质和钙、磷的需要量，其中推荐０～５周为１１．７MJ／kgME、２０％CP；６～１１周１２．１３MJ／kgME、１８％CP；１１周以上为１２．５５MJ／kgME、１６．０％CP。关于地方肉用黄鸡对日粮氨基酸的需要量，国内少见公开报道，饲养标准中也未列入。据詹德芳…     

用白酒治猪病

猪传染性胃肠炎可按每１kg体重用白酒２mL，放入饮水中，每１d喂２次。拒饮绝食的猪可进行肌肉注射，每１kg体重用量０．１～１mL，每１d１次，连用２～３d。治疗期间要停喂少喂饲料，但必须足量供给浓度为１％的食盐水，以防脱水。仔猪白（黄）痢用白酒５mL，加汽水或凉开水８～１０mL摇匀，按一周龄仔猪全窝后海穴（在猪尾根下，肛门上的凹陷处）位注射，每头１mL；一周以后的仔猪１．５～２mL，每１d１次，２次可愈。解毒误吃了含有毒素的蔬菜而中毒时，可内服白酒治疗：大猪１５０～２００mL，幼猪５０～１００mL。母猪不发情用陈酒…     

防活鱼病效果好的中草药

大蒜每１００kg鱼体用大蒜０．５kg，捣成蒜泥拌入饮料投喂，连喂３天可防治细菌性鱼病。韭菜每亩水深１m的鱼池用韭菜２．５kg，切碎后加入食盐０．２kg拌入饲料中投喂，连喂３d，可防治鱼类肠炎病。大黄每万尾鱼种用大黄粉０．３～０．５kg煎汁或热开水浸泡１夜，过滤弃渣，将汁液拌入饲料投喂，连喂５d，可治草鱼出血病。车前草每亩水面用鲜车前草６kg，加生石膏６kg，生黄石５kg，兑水混合磨浆，加水至总量达５０～２０kg，搅匀泼洒防治鱼类气泡病。水花生按每１００kg鱼体用鲜水花生５kg打浆，加入１．２kg食盐搅匀，再拌入１５kg次等…     

仔猪黄、白痢的特效疗法

仔猪黄、白痢是农村养猪常见的多发病，治疗本病的中西药物繁多，而疗效不一。现介绍几种特效药疗法。l口服链霉素用１００万IU链霉素溶于适量水中，按每头病猪每次灌服１５万IU～２０万IU，连用２d～３d，每日２次。对２～３日龄发病猪治愈率达１００％。２注射病菌净注射液按仔猪每公斤体重用病菌净注射液３mg～５mg，每日２次肌肉注射，连用２d～３d，治愈率达９４％以上。３黄连素液注射法每头仔猪肌肉注射黄连素６０mg～１００mg，每日２次，连用２d，治愈率达９５％。４抗菌王注射液疗法此药对大肠杆菌有特效。按每公斤体重０．２…     

农村饲养商品黑山羊的技术要点

１圈舍建设及要求农户应视自然条件及建筑材料来源，因地制宜。新建、改、扩建羊舍时应选择干燥、背风、水源充足、水质优良的地方，利用竹或木条修成高床圈舍。床底离地面５０～８０cm，漏缝２．３～２．５cm。面积以每只羊０．５～０．８m２为宜；羊舍地面要求坚实，微倾斜，无裂缝，便于除粪。２商品黑山羊的饲养管理技术２．１母羊配种前１个月的催膘技术每１d每只羊喂食盐１０～１５g，在原饲喂量的基础上，每１d每只羊加喂混合精料０．１～０．２kg，优质青干草０．２５～０．３kg，青绿饲草０．５～１kg，保持中上等膘情。２．２妊娠…     

一例鸡巴氏杆菌病的诊治

１发病情况２０００年１０月８日，江西进贤某养鸡场饲养的３０００羽１３０日龄左右的崇仁麻鸡发病，头两天每１d死亡４～８只，后来１d就死亡１５０多只，病程较短，从出现症状到死亡仅０．５～２d。于每１kg饲料中加０．２g蒽诺沙星，同时在饮水中加入０．１％Vc进行全群防治，连用５d，环境用菌毒敌带鸡消毒，两天一次，５d后病情得到控制。２临床症状病鸡呈急性经过，主要表现为精神沉郁，羽毛松乱，缩颈闭眼，头缩在翅膀下，常独立一隅，不爱活动；剧烈腹泻，粪便呈灰绿色；口、鼻有黏液性分泌物，呼吸困难，肉垂稍肿，体温升高到４…     

提高仔猪成活率的措施

１加强产前饲养管理１．１加强孕期（尤其是怀孕８５d后）母猪的饲养管理。一般怀孕前期（怀孕８５d前）每头每日喂２～２．５kg妊娠母猪料（DE：３．１０MCal／kg、CP：１４．００％，Ca：０．９０％，P：０．７０％，Lys：０．６０％），怀孕后期每头每日喂料２．５～３kg，以保证胎儿正常发育，降低弱仔数。１．２母猪产前５～７d根据体况按日喂量的１０％～２０％逐渐减料，并注意防止仔猪黄痢。１．３初产母猪于产前３０d和１５d各肌注２～３mL新生仔猪红黄痢二联苗，以后每个怀孕期产前１５d注射一次，预防仔猪红黄痢；母猪怀孕８…     

甘肃黄鸡随机扩增多态性DNA指纹的分析

为了解甘肃黄鸡的种质特性和选育水平，从分子水平上估测其遗传纯度和遗传潜力，以ＳＲ９２黄鸡和浦东鸡作为对照，对甘肃黄鸡进行随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ指纹（ＴＡＰＤ）的分析研究。ＲＡＰＤ分析结果很好地反映了鸡群的育种历史，甘肃黄鸡种群内的遗传相似系数量子（０．８７１），说明甘肃黄鸡的群内遗传变异较小，应当考虑引入适当的外来血源。甘肃黄鸡与浦东鸡、ＳＲ９２黄鸡间的平均百分差异均值（ＭＡＰＤ）（分别为２１．６７％和２１．６２％）较大，表明甘肃黄鸡与浦东鸡、ＳＲ９２黄鸡之间有一定的遗传距离，可初步认为甘肃黄鸡是与ＳＲ９２黄鸡和浦东鸡不同的新鸡种。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -