适宜内蒙古通辽地区种植的优质苜蓿品种筛选试验研究

在内蒙古通辽地区研究了18个苜蓿品种的主要生产性能及越冬率.结果表明:加拿大苜蓿、美国杂花苜蓿、加拿大中间苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、美国紫花苜蓿和草原3号在各方面都优于其他供试品种,其中敖汉苜蓿、美国紫花苜蓿和草原3号表现最优,适宜在该地区大面积推广种植.     

朝阳地区苜蓿引种观察试验研究

通过对41个苜蓿品种生育状况、适应性观察再生速度、茎叶比、鲜干草产量测定表明，共中公农一号、猎人河、肇东、美国、新疆大叶、察北6个紫花苜蓿最适宜本地区栽培，其次辽阳多叶、呼盟、佳木斯、秘鲁等10个苜蓿品种也可在生产中应用。本试验为我地区和东北西部地区种植苜蓿有一定参考价值。     

郑州地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种的生产性能评价

引进15个不同秋眠级别的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种,在郑州地区测定其生长第1年和第2年的鲜草产量、株高、叶茎比、营养成分等各项农艺性状指标,分析评价不同秋眠级别苜蓿品种的生产性能。结果表明：1）秋眠和半秋眠苜蓿的鲜草产量高于非秋眠苜蓿,每年刈割5次,所有品种第1茬＞第2茬＞第3茬＞第4茬＞第5茬。2）从产量和品质角度考虑, 秋眠级数为3的苜蓿王(Alfaking)、WL-324和秋眠级数为5的射手（Archer）最适合中原地区。因此郑州地区在苜蓿的育种和引种工作中,应主要考虑秋眠和半秋眠的高产品种的培育与引进。     

刈割次数对肇东苜蓿生产能力影响的综合评估

刈割是苜蓿的主要利用方式,刈割次数不仅影响紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的当年草产量及营养价值,而且对其安全越冬和持久利用具有重要的影响。肇东苜蓿是哈尔滨地区苜蓿主栽品种,确定合理的刈割次数对紫花苜蓿的生产有重要意义。对肇东苜蓿进行了连续2年的不同刈割次数的田间试验,结果表明,种植第2、3年的肇东苜蓿的最优刈割次数是2006年(种植第2年)刈割2次,2007年(种植第3年)刈割2次;肇东苜蓿2006年(种植第2年)刈割次数与2年间总生产能力呈显著负相关,并且起了最主要和最直接的作用。     

大棚环境下8种紫花苜蓿品种比较试验

利用塑料大棚(简称大棚)种植饲草是一项新的生产技术。内蒙古农牧业科学院草原研究所在现有的生产技术水平上,进一步优化设计,在鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗赛乌苏嘎查设施农业基地大棚内对8个苜蓿品种的生长速度、茎叶比、干鲜比及产草量等进行了比较。结果表明,保加利亚紫花苜蓿和乌审旗紫花苜蓿最适宜作为大棚苜蓿推广应用。     

九个苜蓿品种生产性能的比较

用紫花苜蓿及杂种苜蓿与国产关中苜蓿，新疆大叶苜蓿及公农２号苜蓿及公农２号苜蓿品种进行了生产性能比较试验。结果表明，在黄土高原低平地带，正常年份牧草产量各品种间没有显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），但在多雨年份，７，８月形成湿热气候，造成所试品种减产，而公农２号苜蓿对湿热气候的耐力远胜过其他品种。国产３个品种春季返青都较引入品种早，生长速度以引入的Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ最快，国产的３个品种，在长日照下的头茬草生长速度     

四个紫花苜蓿品种草产量、营养品质及越冬率的综合评价

在哈尔滨地区对不同的紫花苜蓿品种进行田间试验,比较了两年间各品种在产量、品质及越冬率方面的差异并通过灰色关联分析进行了综合评价。结果表明,阿尔冈金苜蓿干草产量极显著高于其他参试品种;和平苜蓿在粗蛋白质含量、中性洗涤纤维含量等品质方面表现较好;肇东苜蓿越冬率显著高于其他品种。综合评价最优的参试品种是肇东苜蓿,其更适于在哈尔滨地区种植。     

12个紫花苜蓿品种在半干旱地区的生产性能及营养价值

为了确定不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种在半干旱地区生产性能的大小和营养价值的高低,在兰州国家区域试验站,连续两年对12个紫花苜蓿品种的生产性能进行测定分析,采用灰色系统关联度理论综合评价分析了不同品种紫花苜蓿的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、含水量、无氮浸出物、钙、磷含量8项营养指标。结果表明,不同品种苜蓿在不同茬次时株高和干草产量均存在显著性差异(P0.05),两年内随着收割茬数的增加,株高和干草产量不断减小,中苜3号、甘农3号、甘农5号、中苜5号和康赛的植株较高,甘农5号、甘农3号和阿迪娜的干草产量较高;不同紫花苜蓿品种营养品质也存在差异,其中甘农5号、中苜3号最优,甘农3号、中苜5号、康赛次之。从生产性能和营养价值综合考虑,甘农5号、中苜3号、甘农3号、中苜5号和康赛生产性能优异、营养价值高,综合性状突出,可以作为黄土高原半干旱地区大面积推广种植的紫花苜蓿品种。     

不同紫花苜蓿品种产量、品质及越冬率的综合评价

在哈尔滨地区,利用不同紫花苜蓿品种进行田间试验,比较了各处理在产量、品质及越冬率方面的差异,并通过灰色关联分析对各个处理进行了综合评价。结果表明,综合评价最优的参试品种是肇东苜蓿,更适于在哈尔滨地区种植。     

美国“WL”系列苜蓿品种在榆中县的引种试验

通过在榆中县引进WL363HQ、WL343HQ、阿迪娜等8个紫花苜蓿新品种,以干物质产量和营养成分为筛选要素开展紫花苜蓿新品种种植试验。结果表明:8个紫花苜蓿品种均能在试验区较好生长,表现出较好的生产性能和抗寒能力,其中WL363HQ在多个性状方面均表现优势,其鲜草和干草产量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、灰分含量在8个品种中最高,越冬率与WL343HQ差异不显著(P0.05),其他紫花苜蓿品种仅在某方面优势明显。建议将WL363HQ作为今后榆中县推广种植苜蓿的首选品种。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。