利用SSR标记构建我国亚麻品种DNA指纹图谱及遗传多样性分析

亚麻是中国重要的经济作物之一,其品种间遗传变异对亚麻产量和品质改良具有重要的指导意义。研究利用亚麻基因组序列所设计的96对SSR引物对24份来源于中国的亚麻品种进行遗传多样性分析,同时构建DNA指纹数据库。结果表明:96对SSR引物共检测到128个等位变异,每对引物检测出1～5个等位变异,利用具有多态性的24对SSR引物能将24份亚麻品种鉴定出来。24份亚麻材料遗传相似系数变幅为0.25～0.87,平均遗传相似系数为0.56。进一步基于SSR基因型聚类结果可将24份亚麻品种分为三大类。以上研究结果可为亚麻的亲本选择及杂交组配提供理论依据。     

小麦育种亲本材料遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了明确目前中国小麦育种亲本材料间的遗传关系,为育种工作提供有益信息,利用74对SSR引物对103份小麦主要亲本材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出298个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～14之间,平均为4.03个.位点多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.020～0.899,平均为0.429.品种(系)间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.369～0.948,平均值为0.636.74对SSR标记能将103份小麦品种(系)分为五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合.     

中国部分优质小麦品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析

为明确中国优质小麦品种(系)间的遗传关系,利用21对SSR引物对75份优质小麦品种(系)进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,21对引物共检测到135个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～13之间,平均为6.4个.位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.49～0.90,平均为0.76.品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.46～0.96,平均为0.66.SSR标记能将75份优质小麦品种(系)分成五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合.     

辽宁省主要玉米自交系的SSR遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记研究了37份玉米自交系的遗传多样性,从85对SSR引物中筛选出70对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的引物。这70对引物在供试材料中检测出260个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～7个,平均3.71个,每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化为0.157～0.813,平均为0.564。37份自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.69～0.89。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,37份供试自交系划分为6个类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。生产上主要推广杂交种的亲本大多来自不同的类群。     

小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析

为深入了解小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)的遗传特性,为育种工作中合理利用小麦育种骨干亲本提供理论依据,利用22对SSR引物分析了小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)共54份材料的遗传多样性。在54份材料中共检测到133个等位变异,等位变异数目在3~15个之间,每个位点上平均有6.05个等位变异。22对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变化幅度为0.2606~0.8579,平均为0.6529。54份材料间的遗传相似性系数(GS)在0.549~0.962之间,平均为0.747,表明品种间遗传差异较小。用非加权配对算术平均法UPGMA将54份材料分为四类,聚类结果较好地反映了品种(系)间的亲缘关系。     

北美温带玉米杂交种选系的遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记对北美温带玉米杂交种选育的24个自交系和我国生产应用的10类骨干代表系进行遗传多样性评价。结果表明,54对SSR引物在48份玉米自交系间共检测到290个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出3~9个等位基因,平均为5.4个。每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化于0.29~0.86之间,平均为0.70。标记索引系数(MI)变化范围0.86~7.45,平均为3.86。供试北美温带选系和其他类群的玉米种质均具有较丰富的遗传多样性。3个杂交种选系的遗传相似系数中3号选系最小(0.776),说明3号较其余两个杂交种选系的遗传差异大。根据SSR标记聚类分析、主坐标分析和遗传进化分析结果表明,北美温带选系和其他种质的48份玉米自交系划分为6大类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。     

中国东北野生大豆SSR遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析

利用60对SSR引物对东北52份野生大豆资源进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明:①其中40对SSR引物扩增出408个等位变异,平均每个位点等位变异10.2个,Shannon-Weaver指数变化范围为1.2203～2.6392,平均为2.0560,东北野生大豆具有较丰富的遗传变异;②41～43.N×124～126.E区的野生...     

部分旱地小麦品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析

为明确旱地小麦品种(系)间的遗传关系,利用SSR标记技术对50份旱地小麦品种(系)进行遗传差异分析.结果表明,27对引物共检测出127个等位位点,每对引物可检测到的等位位点在2～8个之间,平均4.7个.品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.46～0.89,平均为0.68,其中西农811与西农928间的遗传相似性最高,遗传相似系数高达0.89;山农16与西农961问的遗传相似性最低,遗传相似系数为0.46.所选引物可以将全部品种区分开来,50个品种可分为8个类群,分类结果与品种系谱比较吻合.     

利用SSR标记分析热带、亚热带玉米自交系的遗传多样性

从本实验室确定的核心引物中筛选出39对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的引物,利用这39对SSR标记引物研究了35份热带、亚热带玉米自交系的遗传多样性。39对引物在供试材料中共检测到153个等位位点的变异,每对引物检测等位位点2～8个,平均3.92个;引物的多态性信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.27～0.79,平均0.59。聚类结果表明,41份自交系划分为3个类群,分类结果与系谱基本一致。     

利用SSR标记分析40个糯玉米自交系遗传多样性

利用SSR 标记研究了40个糯玉米自交系的遗传多样性。用32 对扩增带型稳定的SSR引物从供试材料中检测出152个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～9个,平均4.75 个。SSR引物的PIC介于0.303～0.862,平均多态性信息量为0.632。利用UPGMA 聚类分系法将供试自交系划分为5 类,该划分结果与根据地理来源、种质系谱的分类结果基本一致。SSR分子标记辅助的自交系改良是糯玉米品种改良的重要途径。     

我国三系杂交稻主要不育系的微卫星标记多样性和遗传结构分析

选取均匀分布在水稻12条染色体上的48对SSR引物,对28份我国杂交水稻主要不育系进行了多样性和遗传结构分析。 在所分析的48个位点中,多态性位点41个,多态性位点百分率（P）为85.4%;每1个位点平均等位基因数（A）为3.5,变幅2～6个;平均基因多样性指数（He）和平均多态性信息含量指数（PIC）分别为0.40和0.36。AMOVA分析表明,不育系遗传变异主要存在于各选育时期内,时期间的遗传变异仅占总变异的3.3%,且未达到显著水平。基于模型的遗传结构分析表明,我国三系杂交稻主要不育系多数含有相近血缘,背景单一。     

我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析

 采用40个SSR标记,分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示,39个SSR标记具有多态性,在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均57个;平均Nei基因多样性指数（He）为0632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 54,He = 0440）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 44,He = 0397）。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度（I = 0366）,而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度（籼:I = 0590;粳:I = 0590）。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性（籼:I = 0558;粳:I = 0600）。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显,晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。     

Genetic Diversity of Tropical Hybrid Rice Germplasm Measured by Molecular Markers

Investigation of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding lines is of great importance to facilitate parent selection in hybrid rice breeding programs.In this study,we characterized 168 hybrid rice parents from International Rice Research Institute with 207 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 353 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.A total of 1 267 SSR and 706 SNP alleles were detected with the averages of 6.1 (SSR) and 2.0 (SNP) alleles per locus respectively across all lines.Based on the genetic distances estimated from the SSR and SNP markers separately and combined,the unrooted neighbor-joining cluster and STRUCTURE analyses consistently separated the 168 hybrid rice parents into two major groups:B-line and R-line,which is consistent with known parent pedigree information.The genetic distance matrices derived from the SSR and SNP genotyping were highly correlated (r=0.81,P < 0.001),indicating that both of the SSR and SNP markers have distinguishable power to detect polymorphism and are appropriate for genetic diversity analysis among tropical hybrid rice parents.A subset of 60 SSR markers were also chosen by the Core Hunter with 368 alleles,and the cluster analysis based on the total and subset of SSR markers highly corresponded at r=0.91 (P < 0.001),suggesting that fewer SSR markers can be used to classify and evaluate genetic diversity among parental lines.     

Genetic diversity and association mapping for salinity tolerance in Bangladeshi rice landraces

Breeding for salinity tolerance using Bangladeshi rice landraces and understand genetic diversity has been limited by the complex and polygenic nature of salt tolerance in rice genotypes. A genetic diversity and association mapping analysis was conducted using 96 germplasm accessions with variable response to salt stress at the seedling stage. These included86 landraces and 10 indica varieties and lines including Nona Bokra, from southern Bangladesh. A total of 220 alleles were detected at 58 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) marker loci randomly distributed on all 12 rice chromosomes and 8 Sequence Tagged Site(STS) markers developed for genes SKC1, DST, and SalT. The average gene diversity was 0.5075 and polymorphism information content value was 0.4426, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that 68 and 21 accessions were clustered into 2 distinct groups, possibly corresponding to indica and japonica groups, respectively and the remaining 7 landraces were classified as an admixed group. In addition to Wn11463, the STS marker for SKC1, RM22418 on Chr. 8 was significantly associated with salinity tolerance, at the location of a QTL detected in previous studies. Our findings of favorable alleles associated with salinity tolerance in Bangladeshi rice landraces, as well as the development of STS markers for salt tolerance genes, will be helpful in future efforts to breed salinity tolerance in rice.     

Genetic Diversity of Main Inbred Indica Rice Varieties Applied in Guangdong Province as Revealed by Molecular Marker

Genetic diversity of 299 inbred indica rice varieties, including 33 introduced varieties, applied in Guangdong Province of China were assessed using 20 ILP(intron length polymorphism) and 34 SSR(simple sequence repeat) markers. Totally, 154 loci were screened for the 299 varieties, with the average number of alleles(Na), rare alleles(Nr), and polymorphism information content(PIC) scored at 3.4, 0.7and 0.32, respectively. The Nei’s genetic distance(GD) was estimated ranging from 0 to 0.7529 with an average of 0.4797. There was no significant difference of Na, Nr, PIC or GDs between the introduced and local varieties. Neighbor-joining(NJ) analysis showed that the 299 varieties failed into three main distinct groups, and the 33 introduced varieties were distributed over all the groups or subgroups. Model-based cluster analysis demonstrated that only 73(24.4%) of the 299 varieties and 7(21.2%) of the 33 introduced varieties could be distinctly classified into the three groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within the groups divided by NJ analysis, the genetic variations revealed by ILP, SSR and these two combined were 7.7%, 5.6% and 6.6%, and within the groups divided by region(Guangdong local and the introduced varieties), the genetic variables were 2.1%, 4.6%, 5.4%, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic diversity of the 299 inbred rice varieties in Guangdong Province was low, simultaneously relationship among varieties was poor and close in all kind of groups. Hence, it is very necessary to extend the genetic diversity during the breeding and selection practical procedure.     

我国水稻主栽品种SSR多样性的比较分析

采用40个SSR标记,比较分析了151份20世纪50年代(78份）和近10年（73份）我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传差异,发现有39个标记具有多态性,多态性位点共检测到213个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均5.5个;平均Nei基因多样性指数(He)为0.649,范围在0.309（RM174）～0.869（RM418）。籼粳亚种间SSR多样性差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 4.4,He = 0.458）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 4.0,He = 0.395）。比较了78份20世纪50年代与73份近10年水稻主栽品种的遗传多样性,籼、粳亚种表现出相近的变化趋势,即Nei多样性指数和等位基因数20世纪50年代主栽品种高于近10年的。虽然Nei基因多样性指数的变化并不显著（籼稻：z= 1.471,P=0.141;粳稻：z= 1.932,P=0.053）,但等位基因数目的变化达到显著水平（籼稻：z= 2.677,P=0.007;粳稻：z= 3.441,P=0.001）。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异绝大部分存在于两时期内,尽管时期间平均贡献的遗传变异仅占1.9％,但仍然达到5％的显著水平;籼、粳亚种两时期间平均贡献的遗传变异高于整个分析样本,分别为5.0％和8.2％;籼、粳亚种不同位点的遗传分化程度也各不相同,籼稻和粳稻品种分别有13个（占33.3％）和11个（占28.2％）SSR位点的等位基因在两时期间差异显著,而其余位点的遗传变异则是因时期内品种间的差异引起的。研究表明近10年我国常规稻主栽品种丢失了一部分等位基因,水稻育种仍应加强更广泛的种质亲本的选择。     

利用SSR标记划分玉米自交系杂种优势群的研究

利用SSR标记对64个玉米自交系进行了杂种优势群的划分。20对SSR引物在供试材料中共检测出96个等位基因的变异,每对引物检测出等位基因数2～9个,平均4.36个。多态信息量变化范围为0.22～0.86,平均多态信息量为0.61。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,供试自交系可分为8大类群,分类的结果与系谱关系基本一致。     

云南哈尼梯田当前栽培水稻遗传多样性及群体结构分析

利用118对SSR分子标记对2012年云南哈尼梯田的47份水稻材料进行多态性检测,分析其遗传多样性,并利用Structure 2.3.4软件进行群体结构分析。结果显示,118对SSR标记共检测到255个等位变异,变幅为2~4个,平均每个标记2.161个。基因多样性指数变异范围为0.043~0.656,平均0.303。多态信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.042~0.583,平均0.256。其中高度多态位点(PIC0.5)有2个,中度多态位点(0.25PIC0.5)有66个;通过遗传相似系数及基于数学模型的群体结构分析均将供试材料分为偏籼和偏粳2个类群;聚类结果和海拔高度总体上没有明显规律,但偏籼类群中的偏籼红米亚群按海拔高低分别聚在一起。研究表明,云南哈尼梯田现有栽培水稻以偏籼水稻为主,但本研究估测的遗传多样性低于前人报道。