春小麦品系‘MY002894’和‘YJ006793’成株期 抗条锈病基因遗传分析

春小麦品系‘MY002894’和‘YJ006793’对小麦条锈病具有成株期抗性?本研究分析了这2个品系成株期抗条锈病基因遗传规律, 促进其有效利用?通过‘MY002894’与‘Taichung 29’(T29)抗-感杂交和‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’抗-抗杂交构建F2∶3代分离群体, 在青海省农林科学院植物保护研究所小麦条锈病自然病圃进行了两年的抗病表型鉴定?遗传分析结果显示, ‘MY002894’与‘T29’ F2∶3杂交群体卡方测验符合7R∶9S的抗感分离比, 表明‘MY002894’中含有2对独立作用的隐性成株期抗条锈病基因; ‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’F2∶3群体卡方测验符合55R∶9S的抗感分离比, 表明‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’杂交F2∶3杂交群体对条锈病的抗性由1对显性基因2对隐性基因独立控制?由于‘MY002894’中有2对独立作用的隐性成株期抗条锈病基因, 推测‘YJ006793’中可能含有1对显性成株期抗条锈病基因?     

冬小麦品种‘兰天23号’苗期抗条锈性遗传分析

2014年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室,进行了‘兰天23号’/‘铭贤169’组合的亲本及其F1、F2、BC1代对条锈菌主要流行小种CYR32、CYR33及新菌系G22-9的遗传分析。结果表明,接种CYR33,F2代植株抗感分离比为144R∶54S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;接种CYR32,F2代植株抗感分离比为62R∶22S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;接种G22-9,F2代植株抗感分离比为85R∶24S,符合3R∶1S的理论比值;F1代植株对供试菌系均表现免疫,BC1代植株抗感分离比均符合1R∶1S的理论比值,表明‘兰天23号’对3个供试条锈菌系的抗病性均由1对显性抗性基因控制。通过系谱分析推知,该抗病基因来源于抗病亲本‘SXAF4-7’。     

小麦新品种川麦42抗条锈病性遗传分析

条锈病是我国小麦最重要的病害之一,严重威胁小麦生产。川麦42是利用硬粒小麦-节节麦人工合成的高抗条锈病小麦新品种。为明确川麦42抗条锈性遗传基础,将川麦42分别与高感条锈小麦品种绵阳26、绵阳335杂交和回交,获得杂交F1、F2、BC1群体,其中,川麦42×绵阳26、川麦42×绵阳335F2群体分别为208和337株,川麦42/绵阳26//绵阳26、川麦42/绵阳335//绵阳335BC1群体分别为171和216株用于抗性遗传分析。利用条锈菌小种条中32号(CYR32)对抗感杂交的F1、F2和BC1群体接种,结果显示,所有F1代对条中32都表现免疫或高抗,F2代群体中抗∶感分离比例均符合3R∶1S理论比例,BC1群体抗∶感分离比也符合1R∶1S理论比例,说明川麦42对条中32的抗性由1对显性基因控制。     

小偃6号成株期高温抗条锈性遗传分析

为揭示小偃6号抗病机制和培育持久抗病品种,采用常规杂交分析方法,在小麦抽穗期利用小麦条锈菌小种CYR30、CYR32和Su11-4对小偃6号、铭贤169及其杂交F1、F2、F2∶3接种,平均气温达到21℃时对小偃6号进行了抗条锈性调查和遗传分析。结果显示,接种CYR30、CYR32时,F1代表现高感,F2代群体中抗感分离比例符合1 R∶15 S的理论比例。接种Su11-4时,F1代表现高抗,F2代群体中抗感分离比例符合3R∶1S的理论比例。研究表明小偃6号对CYR30、CYR32的抗病性均由2对隐性基因累加作用控制,对Su11-4的抗病性由1对显性基因控制。     

中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主维尔抗条锈性遗传分析

小麦品种维尔是中国小麦条锈菌重要鉴别寄主.将该品种分别与完全感病品种铭贤169和其它抗病品种杂交,获得各组合的F1、BC1和F2代群体及部分F3家系.在温室对各组合亲本及F1、BC1和F2代群体进行了苗期抗性鉴定.结果表明,维尔对CY17和CY23菌系的抗性由1对主效隐性基因控制.等位性分析表明,维尔中抗CY17和CY23菌系的基因与Triticum spelta album中的1对抗性基因等位或紧密连锁,将其命名为YrVirl.而维尔对Su-1的抗性则由1对显性基因控制,将其命名YrVir2.同时采用CY17和CY23菌系对铭贤169/维尔组合的48个F3家系进行了苗期抗性鉴定,根据平均抗性指数和样本方差将这些家系分为3组,卡方测验证明了维尔对上述两菌系的抗性由1对主效基因控制,同时还可能受微效基因的影响.     

两个陇南冬小麦品种苗期抗白粉病性遗传分析

2006-2009年,以甘肃陇南生产品种陇鉴9343、陇鉴9811作母本,铭贤169作父本进行杂交,F2代材料苗期分别接种白粉菌单孢菌系E05、E09进行抗性遗传分析,结果表明:对陇鉴9343组合,接种E05和E09,F2代植株抗感分离比分别为65:217和65:154,经卡方测验符合理论比1:3。对陇鉴9811组合,接种E05和E09,F2代植株抗感分离比分别为52:166和87:314,也符合理论1:3的比率。据此推知陇鉴9343、陇鉴9811对E05和E09的抗性均由1对隐性抗性基因控制。     

抗条锈病小麦种质WS4-8的抗性鉴定及遗传

为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)抗条锈病的遗传稳定性及抗性遗传特点,采用基因推导、抗性鉴定、遗传分析等方法对其进行了抗条锈性的鉴定和等位性分析。结果表明,WS4-8所携带的抗性基因与已知抗性基因不同;WS4-8的条锈病抗性表现优异,遗传稳定;用CY33小种对WS4-8和铭贤169的正交、反交组合F1和F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,F2群体符合3R∶1S单基因控制的抗性遗传规律,WS4-8对CY33的抗性由1对显性核基因控制;用CY33对WS4-8分别与Yr5/6×Avocet S、Yr10/6×Avocet S、Yr15/6×Avocet S及92R137(Yr26)组配的杂交组合F1及F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,而F2中有感病植株,说明WS4-8所携带的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不等位。研究表明,WS4-8的抗条锈性是由1对显性核基因控制,与已知抗性基因不同,可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。     

粳稻品种对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性鉴定及抗病品种镇稻88的遗传分析

采用田间小区鉴定方法研究27份粳稻品种对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性表现,并在此基础上选择抗性表现强的镇稻88与高感品种武育粳3号构建F2分离群体进行遗传分析。结果表明,粳稻品种对水稻条纹叶枯病的田间抗性表现在不同年份和不同地区间存在一定的差异,但镇稻88、连粳4号、徐稻3号等9个品种在鉴定试验中均表现为抗病和高抗,可作为抗病品种在江苏地区推广应用。镇稻88与武育粳3号的F2群体抗感表型分离比例符合3∶1,表明镇稻88对条纹叶枯病的抗性受一对显性核基因的控制,将其作为抗病亲本使用可大大加快育种进程。研究同时发现在灰飞虱不引发虫害的条件下,有效接种虫量与感病对照发病率相关性达显著水平,当其值在0.8×106～3.6×106/hm2范围内时可作为水稻条纹叶枯病田间抗性鉴定有效的参考指标。     

农家品种‘白大头’及其衍生系‘天00127’苗期抗条锈性遗传分析

2019年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室,对抗条锈性优异的农家品种‘白大头’及其衍生系‘天00127’与感病品种‘铭贤169’杂交组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂和BC₁代材料,苗期分别人工接种条锈菌主要流行小种CYR34、CYR32的单孢菌系,进行抗病性遗传分析,结果表明：供试亲本‘白大头’和‘天00127’对CYR34和CYR32均表现免疫。各世代材料中,‘铭贤169’/‘白大头’组合与‘铭贤169’/‘天00127’组合的F₁代对供试小种均表现免疫或近免疫;F₂代植株表现抗感分离,其中‘铭贤169’/‘白大头’组合对CYR34符合1R∶3S的理论比值,对CYR32符合3R∶1S的理论比值;BC₁代植株对CYR34表现全感,对CYR32符合1R∶1S的理论比值;‘铭贤169’/‘天00127’组合对CYR34和CYR32均符合3R∶1S的理论比值;BC₁代植株抗感分离符合1R∶1S...     

江苏省水稻品种对水稻细菌性条斑病抗性鉴定及评价

为明确江苏省水稻条斑病菌致病力分化状况和不同类型水稻品种对条斑病抗感特性,在孕穗期采用针刺接种法对徐淮稻区2007—2009年采集分离获得的45株条斑病菌进行致病力测定,根据病原菌在6个水稻鉴别品种IRBB4、IRBB5、IRBB14、IRBB21、IR24和金刚30上的抗感反应划分致病型,从中选择具有代表性的3种不同致病型条斑病菌,并鉴定了240个不同类型的水稻品种对条斑病的抗感性。根据菌株在鉴别品种上的抗感反应将供试菌株划分为8个致病型,其中优势致病型为C3致病型,所占比例为35.5%;大多数菌株与鉴别品种间表现出弱互作关系,少数菌株表现出强互作关系。粳稻品种对条斑病的抗性明显高于籼稻,但常规粳稻和杂交粳稻对强致病力菌抗性比例仅为59.8%和37.5%。表明水稻细菌性条斑病流行仍具有潜在的威胁。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抑制基因

 小麦-簇毛麦6VS. 6AL 易位染色体含有抗白粉病基因Pm21,在我国的小麦育种中被广泛应用。近年来,一些含有Pm21 基因的小麦品种(系)开始感染白粉病。为探索含Pm21 的品种(系)感染白粉病的原因,本研究在6VS. 6AL 易位系与小麦品系(种)R14 和川农12 的杂交后代中利用分子标记CINAU17-1086 和CINAU18-723 辅助选择的遗传背景相对简单的F7 和F8 近等基因系为材料,研究了小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗病性表达。结果发现,在3 个含有6VS. 6AL 易位染色体的感病F6 植株繁殖的F7 近等基因系中发生了白粉病抗性的分离,分离比率符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的理论值。在随机选取的F7 感病小麦单株所繁殖的F8 近等基因系中,有7 / 13 的株系一致地重感白粉病,有6 / 13 的株系发生了抗白粉病的分离,其中2 / 13 的株系分离比符合3 感病︰ 1 抗病、4 / 13 的株系分离比符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的分离模式。这一结果指出,小麦株系中的抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗性表达受小麦基因组中的一对显性抑制基因所控制,该基因来源于小麦品种(系)川农12或R14,建议命名为SuPm21。本研究指出,在把外源基因引入小麦的研究中,有利的外源基因与不含抑制基因的受体遗传资源同等重要。     

Inheritance of Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica juncea

ABSTRACT The inheritance of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of black leg of crucifers, was studied in Brassica juncea. Three resistant accessions (UM3021, UM3043, and UM3323) and one susceptible accession (UM3132) of B. juncea were crossed in a complete diallel. Parents, F(1), and F(2) progenies were evaluated for all crosses using both cotyledon and stem inoculation. Cotyledon reaction was evaluated with two isolates of L. maculans, but stem reaction was evaluated with one isolate. Disease reactions observed for individual plants were the same for both inoculation methods and for both isolates of the pathogen for cotyledon reaction. No segregation was observed for the crosses between resistant accessions (UM3043 x UM3323 and UM3021 x UM3323), but a few susceptible plants were observed in the F(2) progeny of crosses between resistant parents (UM3021 x UM3043). This was probably due to heterozygosity in some parental plants of UM3021. For crosses be tween the susceptible parent and resistant parents, F(1) plants for two crosses were all resistant. For cross UM3132 x UM3021, some susceptible plants occurred, which was also suggestive of heterozygosity in UM3021. Although resistance in F(1) was dominant, for F(2) populations, segregation fit either 13:3, 3:1, or 1:3 ratios, indicating that resistance can be either adominant or recessive trait. F(3) families derived from some susceptible F(2) plants from crosses UM3021 x UM3132 and UM3043 x UM3132 were evaluated using the cotyledon inoculation method only. Segregation of F(2) plants and F(3) families in crosses involving resistant and susceptible parents indicated that the resistance to L. maculans in B. juncea is controlled by two nuclear genes with dominant recessive epistatic gene action.     

Seedling and adult plant resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. botrytis)

Seedlings of six cauliflower cultivars ( Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. botrytis ) were assessed for resistance to a Danish isolate of Peronospora parasitica , under controlled conditions. Resistance, characterized by restricted sporulation and necrotic dark flecks at the inoculation site on the cotyledons, was expressed in the hybrids 9306 F1, 9311 F1, and the open pollinated cultivar Perfection. Testing of the parent lines and F2 generations of the two resistant hybrids suggested that resistance was a dominantly inherited trait controlled by a single gene. Inoculation of the cultivars with seven isolates, from different geographical origins, showed that the resistance was isolate specific. The two hybrid cultivars expressing cotyledon resistance and two hybrids expressing susceptibility were assessed for adult plant resistance under field conditions. The AUDPC (Area Under the Disease Progress Curve), based on disease incidence and severity, revealed significant differences between the cultivars. At harvest, the cultivars exhibited significantly different levels of defoliation and curd attack. The cultivars 9306 F1 and 9311 F1 showed high levels of resistance in all assessments, whereas the two cultivars exhibiting susceptibility at the seedling stage, 9304 F1 and 9305 F1, also exhibited susceptibility through the adult plant stage. Thus, the resistance exhibited under field conditions resembled that identified at the seedling stage under controlled conditions. The results suggest that cotyledon resistance similar to that described could provide resistance throughout the adult plant stage, including curds.     

小麦对黄花叶病的抗性鉴定及典型品种的遗传分析

 本研究针对来自江苏、河南、四川、湖北、日本和美国的37个小麦品种,在进行小麦抗黄花叶病的抗病性鉴定、调查的基础上,结合分子生物学检测(RT-PCR和ELISA),证实小麦品种扬辐9311对小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)表现免疫。将该品种与表现高感的小麦品种进行杂交和回交,通过对其后代抗感分离的调查与分析,确定了小麦品种扬辐9311对黄花叶病的抗性受一对显性基因控制,并为寻找小麦抗黄花叶病基因的分子标记提供理论依据和实验材料。同时,本文对小麦抗黄花叶病表现的影响因素及宁麦9号的抗病性进行了分析和讨论。     

Inheritance of resistance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum nigrum</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis>

Solanum nigrum, black nightshade, is a wild non-tuber bearing hexaploid species with a high level of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Colon et al. 1993), the causal agent of potato late blight, the most devastating disease in potato production. However, the genetic mode of resistance in S. nigrum is still poorly understood. In the present study, two S. nigrum accessions, 984750019 (N19) and #13, resistant (R) and susceptible (S), respectively, to three different isolates of P. infestans, were sexually crossed. The various kinds of progeny including F1, F2, F3, and backcross populations (BC₁; F1 × S), as well as two populations produced by self-pollinating the R parent and S parent, were each screened for susceptibility to P. infestans isolate MP 324 using detached leaf assays. Fifty seedling plant individuals of the F1 progeny were each resistant to this specific isolate, similarly to the seedling plants resulting from self-pollination of the resistant R parent. Thirty seedling plants obtained from self-pollination of the S parent were susceptible. Among a total of 180 F2 plants, the segregation ratio between resistant and susceptible plants was approximately 3: 1. Among the 66 seedling plants of the BC₁ progeny originating from crossing an F1 plant with the susceptible S parent, there were 26 susceptible and 40 resistant plants to P. infestans. The segregation patterns obtained indicated monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to P. infestans isolate MP 324 in S. nigrum acc. 984750019. This gene, conferring resistance to P. infestans, may be useful for the transformation of potato cultivars susceptible to late blight.     

Recovery and characterization of asexual recombinants ofMagnaporthe grisea

Eleven nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from six field isolates ofMagnaporthe grisea that had different degrees of sensitivity to the blasticide kitazin P (iprobenfos, IBP). Allnit mutants were resistant to chlorate and there were no significant differences in hyphal growth rate, conidial production, sensitivity to IBP, and pathogenicity betweennit mutants and their parent isolates.nit phenotypes and IBP-resistance were used as two independent genetic markers to study asexual recombination inM. grisea. Asexual recombinants were recovered from the heterokaryotic mycelium of three inter-strain pairings, namely, DY2-3(nitl-LR) + A7-3 (nitM-S); A7-3 (nitM-S) + F4-2 (nitl-MR); and F4-2 (nitl-MR) + DY2-4 (nitA-LR), at a frequency of 7.31%, 14.00% and 8.63%, respectively. The growth rate, conidial production and pathogenicity of asexual recombinants were similar to those of parental strains. We concluded that asexual recombination resulting from hyphal fusion might contribute to variability inM. grisea. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

小麦纹枯病抗性及抗性遗传的初步研究

 从一个多亲本的复式杂交后代中,选育了4个高抗纹枯病的小麦新品系,编号为MN-3、7、18和19。抗病性鉴定证明,在对照品种绵阳19病株率100%,发病等级4~5级的情况下,这4个新品系的病株率和发病等级分别在3.65%~6.98%和0~1之间。这4个品系与高感纹枯病的小麦品种绵阳19杂交,在F2代群体中植株符合抗:感=3:1的分离比率,在隐性亲本的测交后代中符合1:1的分离比率;在这4个品系之间的杂交后代群体中未观察到抗性的分离。试验结果指出,4个品系均含有同一个抗小麦纹枯病的单显性抗病基因,该基因被命名为Ses 1。本研究指出了小麦抗纹枯病育种的可能性,并为进一步研究小麦宿主和纹枯病菌原的相互关系及其遗传学提供了材料。     

Resistance to quinclorac and ALS-inhibitor herbicides in Galium spurium is conferred by two distinct genes

Classical Mendelian experiments were conducted to determine the genetics and inheritance of quinclorac and acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibitor resistance in a biotype of Galium spurium. Plants were screened with the formulated product of either quinclorac or the ALS‐inhibitor, thifensulfuron, at the field dose of 125 or 6 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha^?1 respectively. Segregation in the F₂ generation indicated that quinclorac resistance was a single, recessive nuclear trait, based on a 1 : 3 segregation ratio [resistant : susceptible (R : S)]. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to a single, dominant nuclear trait, segregating in the F₂ generation in a 3 : 1 ratio (R : S). The genetic models were confirmed by herbicide screens of F₁ and backcrosses between the F₁ and the S parent. F₂ plants that survived quinclorac treatment set seed and the resulting F₃ progeny were screened with either herbicide. Quinclorac‐treated F₃ plants segregated in a 1 : 0 ratio (R : S), hence F₂ progenitors were homozygous for quinclorac resistance. In contrast, F₃ progeny segregated into three ratios: 1 : 0, 3 : 1 and 0 : 1 (R : S) in response to ALS‐inhibitor treatment. This segregation pattern indicates that their F₂ parents were either homozygous or heterozygous for ALS‐inhibitor resistance. Therefore, there were clearly two distinct resistance mechanisms encoded by two genes that were not tightly linked as demonstrated by segregation patterns of the F₃.     

Relationship Among Genes Conferring Partial Resistance to Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) in Wheat Lines CI 13227 and L-574-1

ABSTRACT This study describes the segregation of genes for resistance to the fungus Puccinia triticina in a cross between partially resistant wheat lines L-574-1 and CI 13227 with two and four genes for resistance, respectively. The objectives of this study were to use parental, F(1), F(2), and backcross populations to quantify maternal effects, degree of dominance, and transgressive segregation, and to determine whether CI 13227 and L-574-1 share any resistance genes for long latent period or small uredinia. In two experiments conducted in the greenhouse, the uppermost leaf of adult wheat plants was inoculated prior to heading with P. triticina. On days 6 to 21 after inoculation, the number of uredinia that erupted from the leaf surface was counted and used to calculate the mean latent period (MLP). The length and width of five arbitrarily selected uredinia were measured and used to calculate uredinium area. Midparent values, degree of dominance, and broad-sense heritability were calculated for MLP and uredinium area. For experiment A, MLP values for CI 13227, L-574-1, F(1), and F(2) generations were 12.2, 10.5, 10.2, and 10.6 days, respectively. For experiment B, MLP values for CI 13227, L-574-1, F(1), F(2), backcross to CI 13227, and backcross to L-574-1 were 12.3, 10.0, 10.6, 10.8, 11.1, and 10.0 days, respectively. The inheritance of long latent period was partially recessive, and no maternal effect was present (P = 0.62 to 0.87 for the comparison of means in reciprocal crosses). Broad-sense heritability for MLP ranged from 0.72 to 0.74, and there was transgressive segregation in the F(2) and backcross populations. Uredinia of the F(1) generation were slightly larger than uredinia for CI 13227. The inheritance of uredinium size was partially dominant, and no maternal effect was present (P = 0.5 to 0.63). Broad-sense heritability for uredinium area ranged from 0.36 to 0.73 and transgressive segregation was present in the F(2) and backcross populations. The results for MLP indicate that lines CI 13227 and L-574 likely share one gene for resistance (based on F(1) values) but not two genes (based on the presence of transgressive segregation). CI 13227 and L 574-1 appear to have at least one gene difference for uredinium area. The linear relationship between uredinium area regressed onto MLP was significant (P < 0.001) and r(2) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.26. These results indicate that the resistance in CI 13227 and L-574-1 could be combined to create wheat cultivars with greater partial resistance than that possessed by either parent based on MLP or uredinium size.