平湖浆蜂与苏王1号遗传多样性的微卫星DNA分析

利用6对微卫星DNA标记对平湖浆蜂与苏王1号两个蜜蜂品种进行遗传多样性分析，评估品种内的遗传变异和品种间的遗传分化。结果表明：共检测到40个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数从4~10不等，所有位点平均的期望杂合度和多态信息含量值分别为0.5078和0.4708。平湖浆蜂和苏王1号6个微卫星位点平均有效等位基因数分别为5.67和5.17，平均基因杂合度为0.4981和0.5007，群体分化系数为3.7％，2个品种间的Reynolds’遗传距离和Nm分别为0.03770和6.507。2个蜜蜂品种均表现出较高的群体杂合度和丰富的遗传多样性。     

利用微卫星标记分析泸水中华蜜蜂遗传多样性

利用21对微卫星标记对云南泸水中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性进行分析,共检测到121个等位基因,等位基因数目从2-12不等。平均等位基因数为5.76;所有位点的平均期望杂合度（He）和平均多态信息含量（PIC）值分别为0.6752和0.6192。表明泸水中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性较为丰富。     

九州意蜂与肥东意蜂微卫星标记研究

利用5对微卫星DNA标记对安徽九州意蜂与肥东意蜂两个品种进行分析,评估品种内的遗传变异和品种间的遗传分化。结果共检测到28个等位基因,所有位点平均的PIC值和期望杂合度分别为0.5510和0.5764。九州意蜂与肥东意蜂5个微卫星位点平均有效等位基因数分别为5.4和5.0,平均期望杂合度为0.5014和0.4979,两个蜜蜂品种均表现出较高的群体杂合度和丰富的遗传多样性。     

沂蒙山中华蜜蜂微卫星DNA遗传多样性分析

利用19对微卫星标记对山东省中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性进行分析,共检测到100个等位基因,等位基因数目从3-9不等。平均等位基因数为5.26;所有位点平均的期望杂合度和PIC值分别为0.6666和0.6136。表明沂蒙山中蜂是多态性丰富的群体。     

利用微卫星标记分析长白山中华蜜蜂遗传多样性

利用21对微卫星标记对吉林长白山中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性进行分析,共检测到39个等位基因,等位基因数目从1~5不等。平均等位基因数为1.8571;所有位点的平均期望杂合度(He)和平均多态信息含量(PIC)值分别为0.2068和0.1679。表明长白山中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性较低。     

海南中蜂微卫星DNA遗传多样性研究

本研究利用微卫星DNA方法对海南中蜂蜜蜂群体多态性进行研究,评估品种内的遗传变异。结果共检测到55个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数为11,单个位点的等位基因数从8到13不等。所有位点的平均PIC值与平均期望杂合度分别为0.7569(0.0330)与0.8577(0.0267)。表明海南中蜂群体具有较高的多态性,显示出丰富的遗传多样性和较高的选择潜力,可为分析遗传多样性提供充分的信息。     

样本量和性比对微卫星分析中群体遗传多样性指标的影响

以4个中国地方鸡品种遗传多样性的微卫星分析数据为例,分析样本量和性比对微卫星分析中群体遗传多样性指标的影响。结果表明:当样本量超过20后,期望杂合度值趋于稳定,样本量与期望杂合度无显著相关,而与平均等位基因数呈正相关,在微卫星分析中性比对群体遗传多样性指标不表现出显著影响;微卫星位点多态性的高低直接影响到检测所需的样本量,在使用平均等位基因数分析群体遗传多样性时,应该充分考虑样本量对检测结果的影响;期望杂合度受样本量变动的影响较小,可作为度量群体遗传多样性的一个最适参数,而且样本量以20～25较为适宜。     

8个微卫星位点在甘肃高山细毛羊肉毛兼用品系中的遗传多样性研究

利用8个微卫星位点对甘肃高山细毛羊肉毛兼用品系进行遗传检测,计算了等位基因频率、有效等位基因数、群体杂合度和多态信息含量。结果表明,位点BM3501的有效等位基因数、群体杂合度和多态信息含量都最高（Ne=7.30,H=0.866,PIC=0.848）;位点BM3413的有效等位基因数、群体杂合度和多态信息含量都最低（Ne=2.33,H=0.573,PIC=0.478）;8个微卫星位点在甘肃高山细毛羊肉毛兼用品系中多态性丰富,除位点BM3413表现为中度多态外,其余位点均表现为高度多态。因此,甘肃高山细毛羊肉毛兼用品系遗传杂合度较高,遗传多样性丰富,选择余地较大;8个微卫星位点可用于甘肃高山细毛羊肉毛兼用品系遗传多样性评估,并可用于对其羊毛性状和肉用性状的进一步研究。     

长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构研究

应用结构基因座和微卫星DNA两种遗传标记探讨长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构。结果表明,检测的9个结构基因座位上7个存在多态性,座位的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0.1767、0.1457和1.2837;7个微卫星位点上共检测到110个等位基因,位点的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0.8867、0.8774和11.2907。群体内的遗传变异程度相对较高,反映出丰富的遗传多样性,而且微卫星DNA标记揭示的遗传变异高于结构基因座。     

长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构研究

应用结构基因座和微卫星DNA两种遗传标记探讨长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构。结果表明,检测的9个结构基因座位上7个存在多态性,座位的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0．1767、0．1457和1．2837;7个微卫星位点上共检测到110个等位基因,位点的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0．8867、0．8774和11．2907。群体内的遗传变异程度相对较高,反映出丰富的遗传多样性,而且微卫星DNA标记揭示的遗传变异高于结构基因座。     

微卫星分子标记分析四川绵羊群体遗传多样性

为探究四川省6个绵羊群体的遗传多样性,实验应用12个微卫星标记计算基因频率、有效等位基因数、杂合度及多态信息含量来评估群体内遗传多样度,通过遗传距离聚类图、群体结构推测图、主成分分析及群体间分子方差分析来评估群体间遗传关系。结果表明:6个绵羊群体在12个微卫星位点的平均有效等位基因数为3.006~3.176,平均多态信息含量变化为0.559~0.612,平均期望遗传杂合度为0.610~0.670;6个绵羊群体间的遗传关系与地理分布情况及育成史实不完全一致,但遗传距离聚类图、群体结构推测图和主成分分析结果均显示,6个绵羊群体中布拖黑绵羊类群与贾洛绵羊类群遗传关系更近;6个绵羊群体间方差组分F统计量结果为0.112 39,处于中度分化水平。     

中国6个双峰驼群体微卫星遗传多样性分析

为了解中国双峰驼群体的遗传多样性及不同种群间的遗传进化关系,本研究采用微卫星标记技术,对中国阿拉善驼、青海驼、南疆驼、北疆驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼6个双峰驼群体进行了遗传多样性分析。通过计算杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因（Ne）、Shannon信息指数等分析群体内遗传变异,通过计算F-统计量、基因流、遗传分化系数、遗传距离等分析群体间遗传进化关系。结果显示,10个微卫星位点共检测到了89个等位基因,平均每个位点检测到8.9个等位基因;所有位点均属中高度多态位点（YWLL08除外）,平均PIC值在0.488~0.752之间;6个群体观测杂合度值（0.355~0.448）都低于期望杂合度值（0.643~0.703）;几乎所有位点的Shannon指数都>1,且处于哈代-温伯格不平衡状态（P< 0.05）。群体间遗传分化系数Fst值为0.059,处于较低程度的中等分化状态; 6个双峰驼群体的平均Fis值均为正值,说明6个双峰驼群体都存在不同程度的近交。基于标准遗传距离D_S和遗传距离D_A进行聚类分析,南疆驼和北疆驼聚为一支,阿拉善驼、青海驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼4个群体聚为一支。研究表明,中国双峰驼遗传多样性丰富,群体内遗传变异较大,存在一定近交现象;群体间存在着一定的基因流动,群体间的分化主要由群体内的遗传变异造成;6个群体分为2个类群。     

Analysis on the Genetic Diversity of Six Bactrian Camel Populations in China Using Microsatellite Marker

In order to understand the genetic diversity of Bactrian camel and the genetic evolutionary relationships between different populations,the genetic diversity of Alashan camel, Qinghai camel, Nanjiang camel, Beijiang camel, Subei camel and Sunite camel populations in China were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers. By calculating heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele (Ne), Shannon information index, the genetic variation within populations were analyzed. By calculating the F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation coefficient and genetic distance to analyze the genetic relationship between populations. The results showed that 89 alleles were tested at the 10 microsatellite loci,8.9 alleles were tested at every locus in average. All loci were medium-highly polymorphic loci (except YWLL08),the average PIC of the Bactrian camel population was between 0.488 to 0.752. The observed heterozygosity (0.355 to 0.448) of 6 Bactrian camel populations was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.643 to 0.703). Almost all loci Shannon index was greater than 1,and most of loci were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. The genetic differentiation coefficient between groups (Fst) value was 0.059 and in the low degree of moderately differentiated state. The average Fis values of 6 Bactrian camel populations were positive which suggested 6 Bactrian camel populations had different levels of inbreeding. The standard genetic distance (D_S) and genetic distance T (D_A) clustering analysis showed that the Nanjiang camel and Beijiang camel jointed as one group, the Alxa camel, Qinghai camel, Subei camel, Sunite camel jointed as the other group. Research showed that Chinese Bactrian camel was abundant in genetic diversity, genetic variation within population was larger, and there was a phenomenon of inbreeding. There was a certain gene flow between populations, the differentiation of populations were mainly caused by genetic variation within population. 6 Chinese Bactrian camel populations were divided into two groups.     

Genetic variation in domestic and wild elk (Cervus elaphus)

Elk (Cervus elaphus) have recently been established as domestic livestock derived from extant wild populations and may provide insights into changes in genetic variation during domestication. We compared genetic variation at 10 microsatellite DNA loci and the mitochondrial DNA D-loop in 2 herds of domestic elk in Alaska and Canada and wild elk from 8 locations in western North America and Asia. Average individual heterozygosity was 0.55 in domestic elk and 0.47 in wild elk, average number of alleles per locus was 4.1 in domestic elk and 3.9 in wild elk, and 4 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were observed in domestic elk and 3 in wild elk. Levels of genetic variation were not significantly different among the domestic elk and wild elk we analyzed. Our results are consistent with other studies showing that genetic variation can be maintained in domestic and wild populations of elk and other deer with appropriate management.     

Genetic analysis of Mexican Criollo cattle populations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure of Mexican Criollo cattle populations using microsatellite genetic markers. DNA samples were collected from 168 animals from four Mexican Criollo cattle populations, geographically isolated in remote areas of Sierra Madre Occidental (West Highlands). Also were included samples from two breeds with Iberian origin: the fighting bull (n = 24) and the milking central American Criollo (n = 24) and one Asiatic breed: Guzerat (n = 32). Genetic analysis consisted of the estimation of the genetic diversity in each population by the allele number and the average expected heterozygosity found in nine microsatellite loci. Furthermore, genetic relationships among the populations were defined by their genetic distances. Our data shows that Mexican cattle populations have a relatively high level of genetic diversity based either on the mean number of alleles (10.2-13.6) and on the expected heterozygosity (0.71-0.85). The degree of observed homozygosity within the Criollo populations was remarkable and probably caused by inbreeding (reduced effective population size) possibly due to reproductive structure within populations. Our data shows that considerable genetic differentiation has been occurred among the Criollo cattle populations in different regions of Mexico.