红松樟子松异砧嫁接建立红松果林技术

根据红松樟子松异砧嫁接建立红松果林的存在的问题,制定了选择砧木、选择优树、采穗时间、选择接穗、接穗贮藏及嫁接时期等标准。嫁接方法为"插坐髓心形成层贴接",嫁接时直接削去砧木顶芽,使砧木与接穗接嫁接面全方位接触,不仅提高了接穗的生长量,而且愈合效果极其显著,避免了红松-樟子松异砧嫁接因剪砧流脂的现象,解决了嫁接不亲和问题。     

柿树嫁接繁殖与管理措施探析

从砧木选择、采集接穗与接穗处理、嫁接时期选择、嫁接方法、接后管理等方面,总结提出了几种提高柿树嫁接成活率的嫁接繁殖方法与管理措施.     

不同试验处理对蒙古栎嫁接育苗的影响

以呼伦贝尔市蚕业科学研究所蒙古栎嫁接试验为基础,采用卡方检验和双样本频率检验方法对接穗采集日期、接穗贮藏方式和接穗嫁接时间对蒙古栎嫁接成活率的影响进行了探讨,结果表明:接穗采集时间对蒙古栎嫁接后的成活率没有影响;沙埋贮藏蒙古栎接穗嫁接后的成活率较冷库贮藏蒙古栎接穗嫁接后的成活率高;嫁接时间选择5月中下旬比较合理,其对提高蒙古栎嫁接后的成活率有利.     

油茶大树嫁接茶花技术研究

以油茶大树作砧木、用良种茶花作接穗进行了嫁接生产大规格茶花的试验研究了不同嫁接条件对茶花接穗成活及生长的影响,结果表明：嫁接时间、接穗保存时间对接穗成活有显著影响,断砧高度对接穗成活没有显著影响;断砧高度、嫁接时间对接穗新梢长度有显著影响,接穗保存时间对新梢长度没有显著影响;选择5月下旬在采穗当天嫁接,能提高茶花的嫁接成活率和新梢长度。     

营建油茶换冠采穗圃的嫁接技术试验初报

以普通油茶作砧木和接穗进行大树嫁接换冠,研究不同嫁接条件对油茶接穗成活及生长的影响。结果表明:砧木年龄、嫁接时期、接穗保存时间对接穗成活有显著影响,断砧高度对接穗成活没有显著影响;砧木年龄、断砧高度、嫁接时期对接穗新梢长度有显著影响,接穗保存时间在接穗成活后对新梢长度没有显著影响。选择20 a砧木+25～50 cm断砧高度+6月上旬+采穗当天嫁接,最有利于提高油茶的嫁接成活率和新梢长度。     

厚朴种子园母树嫁接培育技术初步研究

通过不同种源接穗嫁接、不同嫁接方法嫁接和不同嫁接时间嫁接对比试验表明,用小凸尖型厚朴为砧木,采用浙江省景宁县厚朴种源(中间型厚朴)作接穗嫁接比采用广西省资源县厚朴种源(凹叶厚朴)作接穗嫁接成活率要高,采用腹接法嫁接与采用切接法嫁接的成活率没有明显差异,春季嫁接比秋季嫁接的成活率要高。在厚朴种子园建设中,采用嫁接法培育厚朴母树,嫁接时间的选择十分重要,接穗的来源也是需要适当考虑的因素,而常规嫁接方法的选择对嫁接成功与否没有太多意义。     

果树接穗的选择、采集和贮藏

<正>果树接穗的质量,直接影响到果树嫁接成活率;另一方面由于嫁接是一种无性繁殖方式,如果用带有病虫害(特别是病毒病害)的接穗进行嫁接,病虫害将通过嫁接而传播蔓延,给生产造成巨大经济损失。因此为保证嫁接成活率,必须严格地选择和采集接穗;同时对采集的接穗,要     

核桃夏季芽接技术

从嫁接工具、芽接时间、砧木与接穗的处理、嫁接方法、接后管理等几方面详细阐述了核桃双刃刀具大方块芽接的技术,从接穗木质化程度、嫁接时间、嫁接时温度及伤流、接穗芽片位置的选择、芽在砧木上的嫁接部位等几方面分析了影响核桃芽接成活率的主要因素,使嫁接成活率明显提高,生产成本降低。     

樱花枝接技术

介绍了樱花嫁接技术,包括砧木选择、接穗采集、嫁接时期、嫁接方法、苗圃地管理等。     

商洛市板栗良种更新插皮套袋嫁接技术

针对商洛市板栗园品种杂、挂果少、产量低的现实,提出了板栗良种插皮套袋嫁接新技术,主要包括砧木选择、接穗准备和物料准备,嫁接时间选择、嫁接方法步骤,嫁接后的袋膜和穗芽管控、水肥和环境管控管理等。该技术方法提出的白色塑料薄膜套袋包扎嫁接板栗砧木与良种接穗,可起到袋内保温控湿,能促进嫁接伤口愈合、接穗提早发芽,防止病虫害、冻害、寒害;延长嫁接时间,提高嫁接速度、成活率和保存率等作用,嫁接成活率可达98.0%～100.0%,比传统嫁接技术提高约13百分点。     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

Effects of flooding on growth of seedlings of woody riparian species

The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns.     

Susceptibility of species of Juglans to pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris

Bacterial blight is considered one of the most serious diseases affecting the genus Juglans. Artificial inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. Juglandis were performed in the field by spraying seedlings of Juglans cinerea, Juglans hindsii, Juglans mandshurica, Juglans nigra, Juglans regia and Juglans sieboldiana. Juglans nigra, J. cinerea ana J. sieboldiana proved to be the most resistant. The multiplication ability of Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina, X. c. pv. juglandis, and X. c. pv. campestris was evaluated by injecting 2-year-old seedling leaves of J. mandshurica, J. nigra and J. regia. The bacterial growth was monitored in the infected tissue over 12 days. Xanthomonas c. pv. juglandis exhibited a high growth rate and induced black greasy spots in J. mandshurica and J. regia; X. c. pv. campestris grew in leaf tissues without inducing symptoms, X. c. pv. corylina showed a very low growth rate. None of the tested bacterial strains multiplied in the leaves of J. nigra. This confirms the results obtained in the field tests. Juglans regia was the most susceptible among the walnut species tested.     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

Technologies of liquefaction of bamboo and preparation of adhesive

The technology of liquefying processed-waste bamboo with phenol is investigated by single factor trials and an orthogonal design. We studied the preparation technology and properties of adhesives from this phenol-liquefied bamboo with formaldehyde (BPF). The results show that temperature has a significant effect on liquefaction. The effect of the mass ratio of phenol to bamboo comes second and the catalyst dosage within the range of 2%–4% is the least effective. The optimum conditions of liquefaction are as follows: a mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3.5, a catalyst dosage of 4%, liquefying temperature 145°C and liquefying time 60 min. The liquefaction rate of bamboo reached 99.1%. For the preparation of the adhesive, a mass ratio of liquefied bamboo products to formaldehyde (37%) is 100 to 164.8–199.5, while the ratio 100 to 108.2 is the best. This adhesive has a lower curing temperature than that of normal PF resin. At a hot-press temperature of 130 or 140°C, this new adhesive provides excellent bonding strength of plywood. The most favorable temperature for hot-pressing is 140°C. __________ Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2007, 27(6): 65–70 [译自: 林产化学与工业]     

Nondestructive test and prediction of modulus of elasticity of veneer-overlaid particleboard composite

The effects of grain angle, thickness of face veneer, and shelling ratio on dynamic modulus of elasticity (E) of veneer-overlaid particleboard composite (VOP) were examined by using nondestructive test. In this study, the possibility that E of VOP can be predicted by means of some empirical formula was also discussed. This study has shown that grain angle, thickness of face veneer, and shelling ratio have substantial effects on E of VOP. The E at 0° of grain angle of face veneer was the largest, decreasing rapidly with increase in the grain angle. The lowest value of E occurred at 90° of grain angle of face veneer. The relationship between grain angle of face veneer and E of VOP can be expressed in the form of Jenkin’s and Hankinson’s equations. The orthotropic properties of wood and VOP defined as the ratio E ₀/ E ₉₀ were 25.7 for wood and 4.7 for VOP. When the grain direction of face veneer was parallel to the length of the specimens, the E of VOP increased with increasing shelling ratio. VOP increased E from 125 to 179% over that of the particleboard and veneer thickness from 2.1 upto 3.6 mm. However, when the grain direction of face veneer was perpendicular to the length of the specimens, the E of VOP decreased with increasing shelling ratio. VOP decreased E from 23 to 41% over that of the particleboard and veneer thickness from 2.1 upto 3.6 mm. The relationship between E of VOP and face veneer thickness can be expressed in the form of a second-order parabolic equation. Rule of Mixture (ROM) can be used to predict E of VOP from the E of wood element and particleboard element.     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

大花葵花色苷抑菌功能研究

本项研究通过采用固体培养和液体培养的试验方法,进行大花葵花(Malvasylvestris)色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌试验。结果表明:大花葵花色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有抑制现象发生。在固体培养试验中大花葵花色苷随着浓度的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制程度越大,当大花葵花色苷浓度为10g/L时抑菌圈平均直径为6mm,当浓度增加至30g/L时,抑菌圈平均直径为16mm。而且,高浓度的大花葵花色苷溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有长时间的抑制作用。     

Theory of the shrinkage of wood

Summary The wood, composed of alternate earlywood and latewood lamellae, forms a statically indeterminate system with two redundants. The redundant forces are the shearing forces arising at the edge of the boundary between earlywood and latewood in the longitudinal and in the tangential directions of wood. By determining the redundant forces according to the theory of statically indeterminate systems, we know the state of stress and the state of detormation of the wood element and thus can determine its shrinkage and stresses in the longitudinal, tangential and radial directions.

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Zusammenfassung Holz ist aus Früh-und Spätholzlamellen aufgebaut und bildet damit ein statisch unbestimmtes System mit zwei statisch unbestimmten Größen. Diese statisch unbestimmten Größen sind die Scherkräfte, die in longitudinaler und tangentialer Richtung an den Kanten der Grenzschicht zwischen Früh-und Spätholz entstehen. Bestimmt man die statisch unbestimmten größen nach der Theorie der statisch unbestimmten Systeme, so kennt man den Spannungs-und Verformungszustand der Gefügeteile des Holzes und ist damit in der Lage, scine Schwindung und Schwindspannungen in longitudinaler, tangentialer und radialer Richtung zu berechnen.

     

Inhibition of Armillaria by bacteria isolated from soils of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Ontario

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp. and Agrobacterium radiobacter were isolated from root-free soils of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Ontario a, nd found to be capable of inhibiting the linear growth of Armillaria ostoyae in vitro. Isolates of P. fluorescens, Bacillus spp. and A. radiobacter were the most effective inhibitors of mycelial growth. To test the ability of the bacteria to suppress rhizomorph formation, A. gallica, which produces rhizomorphs in culture more consistently than does A. ostoyae, was used; only a small fraction of P. fluorescens and Bacillus spp. isolates were capable of preventing in vitro rhizomorph formation by A. gallica.