允许使用的饲料药物添加剂

为了规范饲料药物添加剂的合理使用,防止滥用饲料药物添加剂,农业部在2001年发布了《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》。该《规范》中规定了目前允许使用的饲料药物添加剂名录。 一、农业部批准的具有预防动物疾病、促进动物生长作用,可在饲料中长时间添加使用的饲料药物添加剂:     

抗菌药物饲料添加剂的应用

抗菌药物饲料添加剂的应用云南省西畴县畜牧站刘学剑抗菌药物饲料添加剂包括抗生素饲料添加剂和合成抗菌药物饲料添加剂两大类，目前已成为畜牧业生产中不可缺少的饲料添加剂之一。１抗菌药物饲料添加剂的种类目前，国内外用作饲料添加剂的抗菌药物饲料添加剂有６０余种，...     

常用饲料添加剂对某些兽药的不良影响

随着集约化养殖业的不断发展 ,饲料添加剂日趋成为广大养殖户降低饲养成本 ,提高饲料报酬的重要物质基础和饲养手段。但在追求效益的同时 ,往往忽视了饲料添加剂对畜禽常用药物疗效所产生的一些不良影响。因此 ,在使用饲料添加剂时 ,必须考虑它们对某些药物药效的负面效应 ,在用药期间慎用对该药有不良影响的饲料添加剂。下面介绍一些常用添加剂对某些药物的不良影响。1　抗生素类饲料添加剂常用的抗生素类添加剂有链霉素、土霉素、新霉素、泰乐菌素等。它们主要对活菌制剂 ,氢氧化铝和庆大霉素产生不良影响。1.1　各类抗生素饲料添加剂 :活…     

饲料添加剂使用的范围及分类标准

饲料添加剂分为营养性饲料添加剂和一般饲料添加剂2类,但从广义范围上应包括药物饲料添加剂。在本文中饲料添加剂均包括营养性饲料添加剂、一般饲料添加剂和药物饲料添加剂3大类。营养性饲料添加剂,用于补充饲料营养成分的少量或者微量物质,包括饲料级氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素、酶制剂、非蛋白氮等;     

瘦肉精残留对人体的危害及其检测方法

随着饲料工业的发展,饲料安全越来越受到政府部门和消费者的重视,安全饲料的生产将是新时期饲料工业发展的主要方向。经过多年的发展,虽然饲料产品的质量有所提高,但使用非法药物作为添加剂或不按规定使用药物添加剂客观上成了饲料安全的主要隐患。瘦肉精作为非法药物添加剂的代表,对     

看电视要防致癌物质

1．滥用；对饲料药物添加剂的性能、作用不够了解，或过分追求饲养效果，在饲养过程中同时使用了几种彼此间具有配伍禁忌的饲料药物添加剂。或在不知情的情况下，使用了商品名称不同，但在组成成分上是大同小异的饲料药物添加剂，最后造成某些成分超量引起中毒。或在疫情严重威胁情况下，对防治性饲料药物添加剂，采取超量．超疗程使用，造成药物在动物体内积蓄而引起中毒。     

影响药物疗效的饲料及其添加剂

有许多饲料或饲料添加剂可与治疗疾病或预防疾病的药物发生对抗作用,使药物疗效降低。所以为保证药物疗效充分发挥,在给畜禽用药物防治疾病时,必须暂时有针对性地停喂某种饲料或饲料添加剂。对防病治病药物有降低疗效作用的饲料和饲料添加剂,大约有以下十多种:     

中草药作为饲料添加剂的研究进展

中草药作为饲料添加剂的研究进展余德谦目前，各种饲料添加剂层出不穷，在饲料中应用的添加剂越来越多，这些添加剂大多数是抗生素和化学合成的药物。饲料添加剂的应用对畜牧业的发展起了很大的促进作用。但是，这些抗生素和药物普遍存在残留毒素和病菌抗药性的问题。一些...     

饲料药物添加剂的生产现状与发展趋势

集约化养殖业,为了满足畜禽的特殊需要,达到促进生长、改善产品品质和防治疾病等目的,常在饲料中添加某些药物,制成预混剂,称为饲料药物添加剂。生产实践表明,饲料药物添加剂具有促进畜禽生长,增强机体抗病力,提高畜禽生产性能等多种功能。但是,随着人们对饲料药物添加剂危害认     

药物添加剂对饲料及动物产品的污染

饲料药物添加剂是动物性食品中药物残留的主要来源。与食品安全有关的饲料添加剂主要有如下六种，详见下表。~~药物添加剂对饲料及动物产品的污染@李增光     

欧盟禁用饲料药物添加剂的历史和法规

欧盟考虑到抗生素耐药性的发展和抗生素耐药基因可能从动物到人微生物的转移,决定从2006年1月1日起禁止抗生素作为生长促进剂,甚至还建议禁止在动物饲料中全面使用所有的抗菌剂。收集和整理欧盟饲料药物添加剂的禁用清单和法规,介绍欧盟禁用饲料药物添加剂的历史及其对动物健康的影响,以期为中国饲料药物添加剂的使用和管理提供借鉴和参考。     

欧盟准用饲料药物添加剂使用和管理现状

欧盟允许在饲料和饮水中添加抗菌药和抗球虫药治疗、预防和防治动物疾病。本文收集和整理了欧盟常见的准用饲料药物添加剂清单,说明其适应症和用法用量,并对其授权程序和使用等管理现状进行简单概述,为中国饲料药物添加剂的使用和管理提供借鉴和参考。     

几种多肽类抗生素添加剂在饲料中的应用研究

杆菌肽、维吉尼亚霉素等四种多肽类抗生素因具有促进畜禽生长、在畜禽体内残留量较小、不易产生耐药性等特点,被批准为可以在饲料中长时间添加使用的饲料药物添加剂。本文就多肽类抗生素在畜禽生产中的应用研究在《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》中的用法用量作一综述,为正确合理使用该类药物,保障畜产品质量提供参考。     

减抗、限抗、禁抗及其替代方案对生猪养殖的影响

药物添加剂作为饲料添加剂应用于畜牧业生产,在促进动物生长和提高其抗病力等方面发挥了重要作用。但随着时间的推移,抗生素的滥用也引发了诸如药物残留、细菌耐药性及环境污染等问题,减抗、限抗乃至禁抗已刻不容缓。文章综述了药物饲料添加剂发展历程、种类、作用以及减抗、限抗、禁抗及其替代方案对生猪养殖的影响。     

植物提取物在动物生产中的应用进展

近年来饲料药物添加剂的使用日渐受到限制,研究、开发、利用能改善动物健康、维持一定免疫水平的非药物添加剂成为畜牧科研和生产的热点问题。植物提取物具有抗微生物和抗氧化功能,能提高动物肠道健康和机体免疫,因其"安全、高效、稳定、可控"的特性,已在动物生产中得到广泛地应用。作者主要对植物提取物的生物功能和动物生产中的应用情况做一简要概述,以便为生产实践提供参考和借鉴。     

The effect of continuous in-feed medication with thiophanate on Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum spp. egg output in young pigs

The full potential of anthelmintics now available for single dose treatment is not achieved because the devising system for worm control in piglets/weaners is not efficiently applicable in practice. Therefore an in-feed medication programme for growing young pigs, allowing only one feed lot to be handled by the farmer, was tested in two studies. Study A Feed containing 0.0225% thiophanate was continuously fed almost ad lib. to piglets from birth right up to about 25 kg body weight when ready for fattening. This control measure effectively prevented A. suum and Oesophagostomum from becoming established during the whole pre-fattening period, thus allowing "worm-free" weaners to be produced. -33% of animals receiving unmedicated feed harboured mature Oesophagostomum already at an age of 63 days when first examined. Three out of 97 unmedicated pigs were then A. suum egg-count positive. At the same time all medicated pigs, except one with a low Oesophagostomum egg output, were egg-count negative. All medicated were still egg-count negative at 23-29 days after the withdrawal of the feed. About 30% of unmedicated pigs were then shedding eggs of A. suum and Oesophagostomum respectively. At 45-49 days after the withdrawal of the medicated feed 8% of previously medicated pigs and 43% of unmedicated pigs were A. suum egg-count positive. The corresponding figures for Oesophagostomum egg-count positive pigs were 6% and 40% respectively. The acquisition of worm infections by previously medicated pigs most probably was made in the fattening unit after the withdrawal of the thiophanate medicated feed. Study B In this study it was further substantiated that in-feed medication of pigs with thiophanate prevents A. suum from becoming established. All treated pigs were A. suum egg-count negative at Day 43 and 46 after the withdrawal of the medicated feed whereas about 62% of untreated control pigs were shedding A. suum eggs at the same time. This finding justify the proposal that the in-feed medication performed prevented larval migration. Furthermore it was shown that the in-feed medication must proceed right up to the transfer of piglets to the fattening unit in order to achieve its full potential. Farrowing pens may be heavily contaminated with infective Oesophagostomum larvae at the end of the pre-fattening period resulting in sudden and heavy nodular worm infections after the withdrawal of the medicated feed.     

科学合理使用饲料添加剂应注意的问题

阐述了科学合理使用饲料添加剂应注意的若干问题：选购合格的饲料添加剂;选用适合的饲料添加剂;饲料添加剂的添加量要适当;多种饲料添加剂同时使用时,要注意相互之间的拮抗作用;加入饲料添加剂要搅拌均匀;要妥善保存饲料添加剂;应注意饲料添加剂的副作用。     

Effect of efrotomycin in feed on the quantity, duration, and prevalence of shedding and antibacterial susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected swine

The influence of efrotomycin administered at the rate of 16 mg/kg of feed in 10 Salmonella typhimurium-inoculated pigs was determined by comparing this group with a group of 10 pigs inoculated with S typhimurium that were given nonmedicated feed. Two control groups of 4 noninoculated pigs each, 1 group medicated with efrotomycin at 16 mg/kg of feed, the other nonmedicated, also were evaluated. An inoculum of 1.7 x 10(10) colony-forming-units/pig induced colonization of S typhimurium in all 20 pigs. Evaluation of the quantity of shedding did not reveal a clear or consistent treatment-related increase in S typhimurium counts; mean differences between the nonmedicated and medicated groups never exceeded 1 log unit. On the last day of the study (day 56 of the medication), 8 nonmedicated and 9 medicated pigs were determined to be infected with S typhimurium via enrichment procedures, so there was no difference in duration of shedding, and there were no significant differences in prevalence of shedding between the nonmedicated and medicated groups at any of the sampling times. Of 1,340 S typhimurium colonies isolated from the nonmedicated and medicated groups, 1,330 were susceptible to all 12 antibacterials tested, indicating no treatment-related effect on susceptibility. At necropsy, S typhimurium was not isolated from any liver or spleen specimens, and was isolated from only 2 of 20 lymph nodes. However, S typhimurium was isolated via enrichment from the cecal contents from all 20 pigs. There were no treatment-related differences in feed consumption, weight gain, or feed efficiency. Appreciable differences in the measurements were not found between the efrotomycin-medicated and nonmedicated pigs.     

The problem of oral administration of antimicrobially effective substances. Experiences from Switzerland

The oral medication of sick animals is very common and a very preserve therapy. This method of therapy demands a high level of know-how for the veterinarians and also for meet-producers relating to food safety and bacterial resistance. In the new ordinance on veterinary medicine in 2004 many aspects of production and application of medicated feed are regulated in the legislation. This ordinance pretends to control all technical equipments used for production, transport and application of medicated feed by a qualified person (QP) on farms. Important criteria are defined in the ordinance on veterinary medicines.     

美国肉牛饲料添加剂科学使用概述

饲料添加剂是肉牛日粮的重要组成部分,不同种类的添加剂作用效果不同,且添加剂的使用剂量尤为重要。综述了美国肉牛饲料添加剂的使用剂量和用途,旨在通过了解美国肉牛饲料添加剂的使用情况,为我国肉牛养殖领域中饲料添加剂的科学、合理选择和使用提供参考。