Variation in ascorbic acid and mineral content in fruits of some varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Ascorbic acid content in green and ripe fruits and zinc, copper, manganese, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content in dry fruits were found to vary significantly in different varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Ascorbic acid content in ripe fruits of all of the eleven chilli varieties was higher than in the corresponding green fruits. Path coefficient analysis showed that number of days to fruit ripening, fruit surface area, fruit length, dry and fresh fruit yield, ascorbic acid content in green fruits and iron, calcium, magnesium and copper content in dry fruits influenced ascorbic acid content in ripe fruits of chilli.     

Trace elements in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cultivated in soil fortified with graded levels of iron

Trace elements in two varieties of spinach cultivated in soil with different levels of added iron were determined. Addition of iron to soil decreased potassium, sodium and magnesium contents in spinach markedly (p<0.05), while the contents of zinc, manganese and copper in spinach were not significantly altered (p>0.05). Differential behaviour of spinach varieties was found in the zinc, manganese and sodium contents.     

中国马铃薯主产区植地土壤养分初步评价

本研究对中国马铃薯主产区的17个省（自治区）中90个市、县的130个土壤样本的有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰进行分析，以对中国马铃薯主产区的土壤养分丰缺状况作出初步评价。结果表明：同一种营养元素在不同产区的含量相差很大；西南产区和东北产区土壤有机质含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区土壤有机质较为缺乏；西南产区氮含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区氮缺乏；东北产区、西北产区和中原产区磷缺乏；西南产区和西北产区钾缺乏。大部分产区土壤中有效钙含量都比较丰富，只有云南、四川、重庆的部分地区含量较低；有效镁的含量普遍较低；有效铁、锌、铜、锰含量都很丰富。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定大豆中14种元素含量

将大豆样品置于密闭容器内,加入一定量的硝酸和过氧化氢,放在微波消解系统内进行消解.建立了用微波消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定大豆中的钙、钾、镁、磷、铁、锌、铅、镉、砷、汞、铬、铜、锰、锡的方法.研究结果显示:该法测定精度高,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)均小于2.0％,加标回收率为93.4％～109...     

不同产地平贝母营养元素、有效成分及其相关性研究

为平贝母药材的质量评价提供参考和平贝母道地药材的规范化栽培提供理论指导,对东北三省9个不同产地的平贝母营养元素的含量和有效成分进行研究。结果显示平贝母中的N、P、K、B、Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn含量平均值分别为27420mg/kg、4440mg/kg、18500mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、1310mg/kg、610mg/kg、1160mg/kg、30mg/kg、160mg/kg,Cu、cd、Pb、Hg重金属含量不超标。9个不同产地之间的平贝母总生物碱含量差异达到了极显著水平;K、Hg和含量差异达到了显著水平,B、Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn、N、P、Cu、Cd、Pb和总皂苷含量的差异不显著。所有平贝母鳞茎营养元素和总生物碱含量无相关性,只有K元素和总皂苷含量呈显著正相关,可以模拟线性回归方程。     

Field resistance to late blight of four indian potato cultivars

Summary The nature and extent of field resistance to late blight, and the effect of plant age and inoculum level on resistance components and host attributes, were studied on the Indian potato cultivars Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Badshah and Kufri Sherpa. Latent period, infection efficiency, colonization rate and sporulation were found to operate in cvs Kufri Jyoti, and Kufri Badshah. Based on component analysis cv. Kufri Jyoti was similar to or sometimes more resistant than Kufri Badshah. No correlation was observed between any of the host attributes and resistance to late blight, except that the erect canopy of Kufri Badshah was associated with its slow blighting rate. At high inoculum, colonization rate and total sporulation were increased but infection efficiency was decreased.     

华南荔枝园土壤性质调查与分析

采集华南荔枝主产区荔枝园土壤样本470个,根据第二次全国土壤普查土壤养分分级指标对土壤性质进行评价,并对各产区土壤性质进行对比,进一步探讨土壤性质之间的关系。结果表明,华南荔枝园土壤普遍酸性强,90%以上果园土壤为酸性和强酸性。土壤阳离子交换量整体处于低水平,保水保肥能力弱。土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾及有效钼含量处于中低水平,交换性钙和镁及有效硼处于低水平,而有效磷、有效锌含量适中,有效硫和有效铜含量丰富。整体上荔枝园土壤养分肥力偏低且不均衡。不同产区土壤养分肥力差异较大。海南产区土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效锌含量最高;云南产区速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铜含量明显高于其他产区,而有机质、有效磷、有效硫、有效钼含量最低;广东产区则土壤有效硼含量最高。Pearson相关分析结果显示,土壤多种性质之间关系密切。其中,pH和交换性钙、交换性镁均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;交换性钙和交换性镁之间,有效铜和有效锌之间,速效钾与交换性钙之间均为极显著正相关（P<0.01）。针对华南荔枝园土壤酸性强及养分不均衡的问题,建议重视土壤pH改良,加强有机肥的施用,合理施用氮、磷、钾肥,并增加钙、镁、硼肥。     

A compendium of tissue nutrient concentrations for field-grown potatoes

Current literature was reviewed to evaluate relationships between potato tissue nutrient concentrations and yield. Primary sources (those based on original research) were emphasized to prevent duplicate information. Data were rejected if stage of growth and plant part were not specifically defined. Data that met these criteria were separated by plant part, stage of growth, and nutrient form (soluble versus total nutrient). The information was then compiled to illustrate the range of reported values for each nutrient, stage of growth, and plant part. Values are presented for deficient, low, sufficient, high, and toxic levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc.     

广佛手不同套种模式下根际土壤理化性质及有效态元素的变化

研究3种套种模式（分别套种广藿香、金钱草和穿心莲）对广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态元素的影响。结果表明,广佛手与广金钱草套种土壤pH最低（pH 6.1）,广佛手单作土壤pH最高（pH 6.4）;与广佛手单作相比,3种套种模式下土壤有机质含量和土壤碱解氮含量有所下降,其中与广金钱草套种下降最为显著,广藿香套种组土壤碱解氮与广佛手单作组无显著差异;穿心莲套种组比广佛手单作组土壤有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了8.07%和3.41%,说明套种穿心莲后土壤有效磷、速效钾含量明显增加;广藿香套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁,有效铜的含量降低,有效锌、铁、锰、硼的含量增加;广金钱草套种组根际土壤的交换性钙、镁,有效铜、锌、铁的含量降低,有效锰、硼的含量增加;穿心莲套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁、有效铜、锰的含量降低,有效锌、铁、硼的含量增加;PCA分析结果表明碱解氮,速效钾,有效磷、铜、锌、铁是影响广佛手生长的特征因素;同时不同套种模式提高了整体经济效益。不同套种模式显著影响了广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态微量元素的含量,为广佛手套种模式的应用提供参考。     

Mineral content modifications during ripening of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis,L.)

The essential elements: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) were analyzed in fresh asparagus to determine the effect of the ripening of the asparagus on the mineral content. Asparagus samples were classified in two groups by diameter (<11 mm and >14 mm). Asparagus from a sample group with the same diameter were divided into two portions (apical and basal) according to distance from the tip. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus increased with the ripening process of the asparagus while the content of sodium decreased when the white asparagus turned into a green ripening state. No significant differences were established for potassium. The green ripening state was the group with the greater concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were observed between portions of asparagus (tip and rest of stem) in the contents of the five mineral elements analyzed. The levels of mineral elements investigated increased notably in the tip of the asparagus with the exception of sodium and potassium of which the levels in the apical portion decreased or hardly modified. The variance analyses determined statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in the concentration of magnesium, sodium and phosphorus between asparagus diameters (<11 and >14 mm) and no significant differences (p>0.05) were found for calcium and potassium. The mean element levels were (mg/kg dry weight): Ca=3240±1186; Mg=1818±490; Na=368±86; K=37297±4167 and P=6809±2491.     

Contents of minerals in green leafy vegetables cultivated in soil fortified with different chemical fertilizers

Content of selected minerals in spinach (Spinacea oleracea) andambat chuka (Rumex vesicarius) cultivated in soil fortified withdifferent chemical fertilizers was determined in a pot experiment.Addition of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) fertilizer alongwith micronutrients, iron and zinc, enhanced the concentration of zinc,iron and magnesium in selected green leafy vegetables markedly (p<0.05),while the concentration of copper was not altered significantly(p>>0.05). Potassium content in the green leafy vegetables was notaffected (p>0.05) by the addition of chemical fertilizers to soil.Spinach and ambat chuka differed remarkably in their mineral contents.Contents of potassium, zinc and copper were significantly high in spinach,while the contents of magnesium and iron were markedly high in ambatchuka (p<0.05).     

Genetic Diversity for Seed Mineral Composition in the Wild Legume <Emphasis Type="Italic">Teramnus labialis</Emphasis>

Teramnus labialis (L.) Spreng. is a wild, tropical legume whose seeds are collected and used as a food source by tribal populations. In order to assess the potential of this legume to provide dietary minerals for humans, fourteen diverse accessions were grown under controlled, nutrient-replete conditions and seeds were harvested for mineral analysis. The germplasm originated from Indonesia, Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Seed concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were found to fall within the range of published values for several cultivated grain legumes, while calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were higher in T. labialis seeds. Mineral concentrations across the diverse accessions showed ranges of 1.3- to 2.3-fold for the macronutrient minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K) and 1.8- to 15.9-fold for the micronutrient minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Na). The existing genetic diversity in this wild legume, especially for the essential minerals Ca and Mg, could be exploited to develop T. labialis as a new cultivated legume for tropical regions of the world.     

栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响——第11报不同营养元素对产量及米质的影响

3 a试验结果表明:氮肥有利于增加分蘖和粒数,对产量起决定性作用,但不利于提高稻米品质;磷肥能够促进氮肥的吸收,增施磷肥有提高成熟度和增加产量的作用,同时又提高出米率和降低蛋白质含量;钾肥和镁肥对于产量影响不明显,但对改善稻米品质作用最明显。氮、磷、钾配施产量最高,增产6.3%,米质趋中,如果再加施镁肥,既有利于提高产量又有利于提高稻米品质。     

The release of mineral elements from grass silages incubated in sacco in the rumens of Jersey cattle

The objective of the study was to determine the rate and extent to which calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn) were released from polyester bags containing grass silages incubated in the rumens of cattle. The rate of mineral disappearance from the bags was faster than the rate of dry matter disappearance. The disappearance of each mineral element from the bags was characterized by a rapid release of the mineral within 2 h of placing the bags in the rumen followed by a slower release extending up to 48 h of rumen incubation. The extent to which each mineral was rapidly released from the silages differed significantly and the minerals were ranked in the order P < Zn < Ca < Cu < K < Mg < Na. There were no differences between minerals in the rate at which they were released during the slower phase.
Combination of these results with different rates of outflow of material from the rumen showed that for each of the minerals examined more than 0.65, on a proportional basis, was released from the silages; for Na the values were greater than 0.90. Indeed, all the residual Na and P remaining in the bags after 48 h rumen incubation could have resulted from bacterial     

Mineral composition of freshly harvested potatoes

Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).     

Nutritional parameters and yield evaluation of newly developed genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Among the commonly consumed food legumes, lentils occupy an important place in human nutrition in the Indian subcontinent. Twenty-one lentil genotypes were evaluated for such nutrition related parameters as moisture, protein, crude fiber, fat, ash (total mineral matter), carbohydrates, total energy and metabolizable energy. These genotypes were also analyzed for 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant. Protein content ranged between 22.1 and 27.4% with significant differences among genotypes. Considerable variations were observed among the genotypes for calcium, phosphorus, iron and tannin contents. Large variations existed in yield and 100-seed weight of these genotypes. Seed yield/plant was not significantly correlated with any of the principal seed constituents analyzed in the present study. The genotypes, LH 97 and LH 37 were found to be better and hence could be explored for further development and selection of desirable characteristics.     

Genetic variation for phytic acid content in mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storage form of organic phosphorus in seeds. It is a strong inhibitor against the absorption of nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium in monogastric animals. Genotypes with low phytic acid(lpa) in seed may show increased assimilation of nutrients and be useful in breeding lpa cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify lpa sources, genetic variation, heritability, and association with seed coat color, inorganic phosphorus(IP), and seed size in 102 mungbean genotypes including released varieties, land races, mutants, and wild species grown in two seasons: summer 2011 and rabi 2012. PA and IP in dry seeds were estimated by modified colorimetric method and Chen's modified method,respectively. PA, IP, and 100-seed weight differed significantly in the two seasons. PA content in102 genotypes ranged from 5.74 to 18.98 mg g-1and 5.85 to 20.02 mg g-1in summer 2011 and rabi 2012, respectively. High heritability was found for PA(0.87 and 0.86) and seed size(0.82 and0.83) but low heritability for IP(0.61 and 0.60). A negative correlation was found between PA and seed size(r =-0.183 and-0.267). Yellow and green seed coat genotypes contained significantly less PA than black seed coat genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed the distinctness of wild species, land races and cultivated varieties on the basis of PA content. The genotypes YBSM(6.001 mg g-1) and JL-781(6.179 mg g-1) showed lowest PA. These lpa sources can be used to develop high-yielding mungbean cultivars with low phytic acid.     

Influence of Source and Time of Potassium Application on Potato Growth,Yield, Economics and Crisp Quality

Field studies were conducted at the Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram (India), during two seasons (2003–2004 and 2004–2005), with two processing cultivars (cvs Kufri Chipsona-1 and Kufri Chipsona-2) and nine combinations of potassium source (K-chloride, K-sulphate and K-nitrate) and time of K application (basal dressing, split application and split application + foliar spray) to investigate their effect on tuber yield and processing attributes for crisp production under subtropical conditions. Yearly variations were observed for most of the variables studied. Between cultivars, the tuber and biomass yield was higher in cv. Kufri Chipsona-1, whereas specific gravity, tuber dry-matter percentage and crisp recovery were higher in cv. Kufri Chipsona-2. Stem number, plant height and compound leaf number were not influenced by sources of K fertilizer or application time. Processing-grade tuber yield, total tuber yield and biomass yield were statistically similar for K-chloride and K-sulphate and lower for K-nitrate. K sources affected both specific gravity and tuber dry-matter percentage significantly; K-sulphate and K-nitrate gave significantly higher values than K-chloride. The application time had no significant effect on processing grade and total tuber yield or on tuber specific gravity and dry-matter percentage. Values for crisp colour and reducing sugars were within the acceptable range for all treatments. Crisp yields were calculated to be highest and oil percentage of the crisps to be lowest when K-sulphate was applied as K fertilizer. Net income and benefit:cost ratio were highest for K-chloride followed by K-sulphate and lowest for K-nitrate. The study suggests that for crisping potatoes, K-sulphate is more suited than K-chloride, as it not only increased tuber dry-matter percentage and crisp yield, but also decreased crisp oil percentage.     

半灰化-微波消解-MPT-AES测定大豆皮中的金属元素

采用半灰化HNO3-H2O2消解大豆皮,微波等离子体矩原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)测定其中铁、镍、镁、钙、锌和铜的含量,同时详细考察了测定各金属元素的最佳试验条件以及介质酸和共存离子的影响.结果表明:测定铁、镍、镁、钙、锌、铜的检出限分别为22.94、7.55、0.36、0.92、16.27、2.1 ng·mL-1,...     

Genotype–Environment Interactions of Selected Rice Lines in Direct Water-Seeded Culture

Summary

Five rice genotypes including 4 breeding lines (lines 36 and 42 from the cross of Aoinokaze//Lemont/ Hinohikari and 53 and 76 from Yumehikari//Lemont/Hinohikari) and a reference cultivar, Hinohikari, were grown under various environmental conditions (year, location, plant density and nitrogen level) to determine the genotype-environment interactions for yield, yield components and yield adaptability in water direct-seeded culture. No genotype-year interactions were found in yield or yield components, i.e., the ranking of the genotypes did not change across the years. The interactions of genotype with plant density and nitrogen level were significant only in the percentage of filled grains, indicating that the ranking of rice genotypes for yield traits except the percentage of filled grains remained constant across plant densities and nitrogen levels. There were significant differences in the ranking in grain yield of genotypes between the plants cultivated in Fukuoka and Chikushino. However, line 42 was ranked the highest at both locations. The adaptability to environmental conditions evaluated by a regression method varied with the genotype and line 42 which showed high average yield and higher yield in high-yielding conditions was selected to be suitable for direct-seeded culture.