Serum levels of GOT,GPT, and OCT enzymes in goats infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis

SGOT, SGPT and SOCT levels increased significantly in young goats infected with 5000 eggs of Taenia hydatigena. These enzymes showed an increase on Day 10 of infection and their level remained higher than those of controls until the end of the experiment. The increase in enzyme levels was essentially due to tissue damage caused by C. tenuicollis migrating through the visceral organs.     

Hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in goats

OBJECTIVE: To determine hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in young healthy goats. DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 24 healthy 9-month-old female goats. PROCEDURE: Goats were sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and anesthetized with halothane (n = 12) or isoflurane (12) while undergoing tendon surgery. End-tidal halothane and isoflurane concentrations were maintained at 0.9 and 1.2 times the minimal alveolar concentrations, respectively, and ventilation was controlled. Venous blood samples were collected approximately 15 minutes after xylazine was administered and 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Goats were euthanatized 25 or 62 days after anesthesia, and postmortem liver specimens were submitted for histologic examination. RESULTS: All goats recovered from anesthesia and survived until euthanasia. Serum SDH, GGT, and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration did not increase after anesthesia, but serum AST activity was significantly increased. However, serum hepatic enzyme activities were within reference limits at all times in all except 1 goat in which serum AST activity was high 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia. This goat had been anesthetized with halothane and had the longest duration of anesthesia. No clinically important abnormalities were seen on histologic examination of liver specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that use of halothane or isoflurane for anesthesia in young healthy goats is unlikely to cause hepatic injury.     

半胱胺对草鱼酮体代谢、转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

通过对草鱼鱼种腹腔注射半胱胺(Cys—teamine)的测定结果表明：注射后3h，鱼体肝、胰脏酮体生成量达最大值，比对照组增加357％。注射后5h，谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT）、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性达最高值，此时肝、胰脏GPT、GOT和AKP活性分别比对照组增加了86％、58．8％、110％。肌肉GOT、GPT和AKP活性比对照组增加了34．8％、33．3％、58．56％。AKP活性11h恢复到正常水平，GPT、GOT活性恢复正常水平时间较长。一次性注射半胱胺0．375～1．500mg／kg BW。草鱼肝、胰脏和肌肉的酮体生成量和AKP活性和肝胰脏的GOT、GFT活性均比对照组显著增加，肌肉中GOT、GPT活性与对照组相比差异均不显著。     

Effect of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on myocardial irritability in chickens

The relative myocardial irritant properties of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital were evaluated in chickens. Sixteen adult male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group-1 chickens were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, IV), group-2 chickens were anesthetized with halothane (end tidal halothane 1.2%), and group-3 chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane (end tidal isoflurane 2.1%). Birds in any 2 of the 3 treatment groups were tested on any 1 day. Local anesthesia was induced, and blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, and blood gas variables were measured before general anesthesia was induced. Positive-pressure ventilation with an inspired O2 fraction greater than 0.95 was adjusted to result in an end tidal CO2 concentration that reflected a Paco2 similar to that obtained prior to anesthesia and ventilation. All measurements were repeated. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in response to electrical stimulation of the heart was then determined for all birds. Effects of anesthesia on hemodynamic and blood gas variables were similar in all 3 groups. Compared with halothane or pentobarbital, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower threshold for electrical fibrillation of the heart.     

柠檬酸、Ca2+及其联合对小鼠血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性的影响

通过测定小鼠血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性,探讨柠檬酸、Ca²⁺及二者联合对小鼠肝脏潜在毒性。将体重(20±2)g的昆明系小鼠100只,随机分为对照组,柠檬酸低、中、高剂量组,Ca²⁺低、中、高剂量组,柠檬酸联合Ca²⁺低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。分别经腹腔注射途径作相应处理,0.2 mL/只,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,注射2次,第2次注射7 d后,眼球取血,分离血清,分别测定血清中GOT和GPT的活性。结果显示,各组GOT活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组GPT活性相比,钙高剂量组GPT活性升高51.66%,差异显著(P<0.05);钙中剂量组GPT活性升高42.63%,差异显著(P<0.05);联合高剂量组GPT活性升高35.32%,差异显著(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,一定剂量的Ca²⁺能引起肝脏细胞损伤,与柠檬酸联合后,降低了其对肝脏的毒性。     

GPA对小鼠肝损伤血清及肝组织中GOT、GPT的影响

采用刀豆蛋白A（ConA）尾静脉注射方法建立小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,分别用低（100mg/kg）、中（200mg/kg）、高（400mg/kg）3个不同剂量大蒜多糖（GPA）对小鼠进行灌胃,灌服7d后,小鼠尾静脉注射刀豆蛋白A,采血及取肝组织,用赖氏法测定天冬氨酸转氨酶（GOT）及丙氨酸转氨酶（GPT）变化。结果模型组和多糖组与空白组比较,除高浓度多糖组差异不显著（P〉0.05）外,其它各组均差异显著（P〈0.05）,且多糖组与模型组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）,并呈现一定的量效关系。表明不同浓度的大蒜多糖均对ConA致小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Effects of propofol-sevoflurane anesthesia on the maternal and fetal hemodynamics blood gases, and uterine activity in pregnant goats

To determine the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on hemodynamics, acid-base balance and uterine activity in pregnant animals, a prospective experimental study was designed by use of ten pregnant goats. Propofol was intravenously administered at a bolus dose of 5 mg/kg and then infused a rate of 0.3 mg/kg/min for 5 min. Following the induction, the animals were incrementally inhaled 2.7 and 4.1% of end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane each for 30 min, and then recovered. The maternal and fetal heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP) and acid-base balance, the intrauterine pressure (IUP), and the uterine blood flow (UBF) were measured. Following the pre-anesthetic data, the parameters were measured 7 times throughout the anesthetic and recovering periods. The propofol infusion induced 1.37 times of HR increase and produced decrease in PO(2) and a relevant metabolic acidemia in the mother, with no effect in the fetus. Sevoflurane reduced BP in the fetus from 30 (2.7%) to 60 (4.1%) min of inhalation. The uterine contractions disappeared throughout sevoflurane inhalation, and then recurred within 15 min after the cessation of sevoflurane. Propofol injection increases HR, and induces a moderate hypoxemia and metabolic acidemia associated with the suppressed ventilation for pregnant goats, with less effect on the fetal hemodinamics. Sevoflurane causes minimal change in maternal hemodynamics, but induces significant hypotension in the fetus and reduction of uterine activity. These data may be useful in making anesthetic choices combined with analgesia for Caesarian section in goats.     

Dynamics of changes in the activity of plasma lactate dehydrogenase, leucylarylamidase and GOT and GPT aminotransferases in poultry following damage to the organism caused by cadmium and tetrachloromethane]

In the experiments performed with broilers, after a per os application of tetrachloromethane and cadmium (Cd+2), the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucylarylamidase (LA), and the GOT and GPT amino transferase was determined in the blood plasm. By means of an electrophoretic division of the blood plasm of clinically healthy broilers one enzymatically active fraction of LA and LDH was ascertained. The injury caused to the organism of poultry by carbon tetrachloride and cadmium did not affect the heterogeneity of these two enzymes. After an application of tetrachloromethane (CCl4) in the dose of 8 and 10 ml kg-1 the total activity of LDH and LA changed. The influence of cadmium on the organism in the total dose of 200 mg kg-1 resulted in the changed activity of LDH, GOT, and LA. From the results obtained it has been assumed that the examined activity of LDH, GOT, and LA can be utilized for the diagnosing of non-specific injuries of the organism of poultry.     

Effect of anticholinergic preanesthetic medicaments on the requirements of halothane for anesthesia in the cat

To study the effects of anticholinergics on anesthetic requirements, minimal alveolar concentrations (MAC) for halothane in the cat were measured before and after IM administration of an anticholinergic (atropine sulfate [0.045 mg/kg], glycopyrrolate [0.011 mg/kg], or scopolamine hydrobromide [0.02 mg/kg]) or a physiologic saline control. The study was performed in 8 adult cats, using a randomized-block experimental design. There was no significant difference between the mean MAC obtained before and after administration of any of the test drugs or vs the control values. The mean MAC of halothane in cats was 0.985% atmosphere.     

Influence of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on gastroesophageal reflux during anesthesia in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maintenance of anesthesia with halothane or sevoflurane is associated with a lower incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) than the use of isoflurane in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. ANIMALS: 90 dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were evaluated during elective orthopedic surgery. Dogs with a history of vomiting or that had received any drugs that would alter gastrointestinal tract function were excluded from the study. The anesthetic protocol used was standardized to include administration of acepromazine maleate and morphine prior to induction of anesthesia with thiopental. Dogs were allocated to receive halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane to maintain anesthesia. A sensor-tipped catheter was placed to measure esophageal pH during anesthesia. Gastroesophageal reflux was defined as an esophageal pH < 4 or > 7.5. RESULTS: 51 dogs had 1 or more episodes of acidic GER during anesthesia. Reflux was detected in 14 dogs receiving isoflurane, 19 dogs receiving halothane, and 18 dogs receiving sevoflurane. In dogs with GER, mean +/- SD time from probe placement to onset of GER was 36 +/- 65 minutes and esophageal pH remained < 4 for a mean of 64% of the measurement period. There was no significant association between GER and start of surgery or moving a dog on or off the surgery table. Dogs that developed GER soon after induction of anesthesia were more likely to regurgitate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Maintenance of anesthesia with any of the 3 commonly used inhalant agents is associated with a similar risk for development of GER in dogs.