影响闽南山地巨尾枕生长的土壤因子研究

利用巨尾桉林分生长及要下土壤调查资料，采用逐步回归统计方法，探讨影响闽南山地巨尾桉生长的土壤主导因子，结果表明：限制闽南山地巨尾桉速生丰产的土壤主导因子为土壤毛管持水量、腐殖质层厚度、土壤厚度及有效磷，其回归方程为：Ｙ＝１．５４４＋０．１５７Ｘ５＋０．０５９Ｘ２＋０．０３４Ｘ１＋０．３２７Ｘ８。     

影响闽南山地巨尾枕生长的土壤因子研究

利用巨尾桉林分生长及要下土壤调查资料，采用逐步回归统计方法，探讨影响闽南山地巨尾桉生长的土壤主导因子，结果表明：限制闽南山地巨尾桉速生丰产的土壤主导因子为土壤毛管持水量、腐殖质层厚度、土壤厚度及有效磷，其回归方程为：Ｙ＝１．５４４＋０．１５７Ｘ５＋０．０５９Ｘ２＋０．０３４Ｘ１＋０．３２７Ｘ８。     

4PU在重瓣丝石竹试管苗繁殖技术中的应用试验

对４ＰＵ在重瓣丝石竹试管苗繁殖中增殖、高生长的作用进行研究，结果表明，其最佳壮苗增殖培养基和最佳壮苗高生长培养基分别为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＬＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＰ３３３ ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋４ＰＵ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，并初步认为４ＰＵ对生长有一定促进作用。     

杉木幼林根圈土壤磷酸酶活性、磷组分及其相互关系

通过对杉木人工林根圈土壤两种磷酸酶活性、８种磷组分及其相互关系研究，结果表明：（１）根圈酸性、中性磷酸酶活性分别比根圈外高１．４４、０．６６酚ｍｇ／ｇ（３７℃，１２ｈ），Ｒ／Ｓ值分别为１．９１和２．０１；（２）根圈全Ｐ、ＤＡ－Ｐ、Ａｌ－Ｐ、Ｆｅ－Ｐ、Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｐ分别比根圈外高２０３．４５，２．２１，３．０５，１０．９３，１０．３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｒ／Ｓ值分别为１．６１，４．６８，３．６１，１．９７，２．４６，Ｃａ－Ｐ比根圈外低２．３４，Ｒ／Ｓ值为０．７２，Ｉ－Ｐ和Ｏ－Ｐ无显著差异；（３）根圈酸性磷酸酶活性与ＤＡ－Ｐ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｐ呈显著正相关，ｒ值分别为０．５８４和０．５７９，中性磷酸酶活性与全Ｐ、Ｉ－Ｐ和Ｏ－Ｐ呈显著或极显著正相关，ｒ值分别为０．５９４，０．７７３和０．６８６。     

沙棘心血康口服液对犬冠脉流量和心肌耗氧的作用

沙棘心血康口服液是以沙棘为主经提取制成,为了研究其对缺血性心脏病（心绞痛、心肌梗塞）的实验治疗作用,实验观察了沙棘心血康口服液对犬冠脉流量和心肌耗氧的作用。结果表明：沙棘心血康口服液在０．４６、１．２、２．９ｇ（生态）／ｋｇ剂量时,可增加犬冠脉流量（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,减少心肌摄氧率和心肌耗氧量（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

正红菇的生长与生态环境的关系

通过对正红菇生态环境各因子调查观察，为人工模拟生态环境、引种栽培野生红菇提供依据。历时４年的调查研究表明：正红菇是一种外生共生菌；在相对稳定的生态条件下（平均温度２５－２７℃，湿度８０％－１００％，降雨量（土壤含水量）达４０％以上），正红菇发生，降雨量为其主导因子；正红菇年发生２次，在夏秋季节高温、闷热阵雨之后为发生盛期；发生地海拔不限，以山的中下部为多，林间郁闭度０．８左右，土壤ｐＨ值５．６－７．０之间；其共生树种以壳斗科为主。     

板栗丰产技术研究

野生板栗嫁接早期经营管理技术，采用整形修枝、虫害防治、土壤施肥三因子三水平的正交试验，结果表明：整形修枝和虫害防治二因子对板栗生长和结实有一定影响，但不明显；土壤施肥不但树体长势好，而且结实量明显增加，是板栗早期丰产、稳产的主导因子。通过三项技术管理，板栗株产年平均可增加０．５７ｋｇ，年平均增产幅度为３０．４％，具有较大的增产潜力。     

应用多重极化L—波段合成孔径雷达数据估测森林生物量,林冠结构和树…

本文报道了应用多重极化Ｌ－波段合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）数据估测森林生物量，冠层结构和树种组成的主要研究成果。ＳＡＲ数据与树高，胸径，植株密度，方位和样地几何形状等因素呈显著相关（Ｐ＝０．０５或Ｐ＝０．０１），特别能反映硬阔叶林分子其它森林树种组间林冠特征差异（包括分枝形态，冠重量和面积），主要树种组内，树种组间与林结构的变化（包括树高，植株胸径和密度）以及一些低生物量和部分疏林地与潮湿土壤及枯枝落叶     

白龙江林区冷杉林生产力预估和林分立地质量的评定

在５５块典型样地调查的基础上，运用数量化理论Ｉ的方法，对本区冷杉林生产力进行了预估，提出了冷杉生产力预估化模型，确定了影响林木生产的主导因子为：坡向，土壤种类，坡位，海拔，为经营为冷杉林提供了科学依据。     

桐柏大枣组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

以优良枣树品种桐柏大枣为试材，对适宜的组织培养快速繁殖条件进行了研究，基本培养基为ＭＳ，筛选出了该品种的最佳启动、增殖、生根培养基，分别为：ＢＡ１．０＋ＩＢＡ０．０１￣０．１，ＢＡ１．５＋ＩＢＡ０．５＋ＧＡ０．５，ＢＡ０．０１＋ＩＢＡ２．０＋ＩＡＡ０．５，同时还取得了一些其他有指导价值的结果。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.