两个朝鲜蓟品种引种栽培观察

朝鲜蓟为菊科多年生蓟类植物.原产地中海沿岸、欧洲南部及北非.其食用部分为肉质花托及花托的肥嫩苞片.朝鲜蓟的叶是一种欧洲传统的草药,含有洋蓟酸等物质,具有利尿、促进胆汁分泌及降低胆固醇的作用,其根部含有较多的菊糖.国内对朝鲜蓟的报道很少,但该品种有很大的出口创汇潜力,我国上海、浙江、云南、山东及北京等地已有种植.     

黄岩蜜橘产业的调查与思考

黄岩蜜橘是黄岩农业的主导产业,也是食品加工业的重要原料。无论是鲜果,还是经加工之后的橘子罐头,都是黄岩区出口创汇的名品。随着一批新兴橘区于1980年代以后的相继崛起,橘果产业内的竞争趋向激烈。在黄岩蜜橘的种植区域内,工业经济的快速发展,形成了对黄岩蜜橘在空间上的挤压;黄龙病的为害,更给黄岩蜜橘这一传统优势产业蒙上了一层阴影。现状是橘园面积逐年减少,橘果总产量连续下降,橘农种橘的积极性大不如前。     

掘金甜玉米,还需迈过两道坎

在白沙洲批发市场,甜玉米的销售价格从5月初的3.8元/kg降至现在的2.4元/kg,说明眼下又到了甜玉米集中上市的季节。随着价格的下跌,市民对甜玉米的购买热情有增无减,白沙洲批发市场甜玉米的日均销量高达472.4 t,在主销蔬菜品种中一举拔得头筹。     

原野上的姐妹

正没有人能够知道,五月的原野上盛开着多少种鲜花。在这个五彩缤纷的季节里,有一种花,她盛开在三湘大地的广袤原野,绽放在青青山岗的灌木丛中,缠绕在农家小院的篱笆墙头,飘香于村姑农妇的两鬓发际。她有着来自原野的自由散漫,又兼具小女子那种柔藤缠树的依附,她的花蕾从来都是相伴而生,好似一对相亲相爱的双胞胎姐妹,姐姐的名字叫金,妹妹的名字叫银,她就是那一年年一季季盛开在我的心头,让我忘不了、放不下的,大自然里最朴实无华的金银     

海柏公园赏樱

海柏公园(High Park)是加拿大多伦多市中心最大的一个公园,占地1.6平方公里,堪比英国伦敦的海德公园、美国纽约的中央公园。海柏公园一年之中最热闹的时候,当属樱花盛开的季节。每逢春季,园中的樱花树花开如海,吸引着无数的游人前来观瞻。一般赏樱盛开的时节在四月底五月初,2011年加拿大的春天来得晚     

偷花记

说来惭愧,我的第一棵花是偷来的。我偷的不是足以使我锒铛入狱、价值百万的天价兰花,而是当时我们这边并不多见的金边吊兰。那时我尚不足学龄。一天,经过我们农场场长家门口时,我眼前一亮,两盆金边吊兰在树阴下享受着班驳陆离的阳光,娇嫩欲滴的叶子在微风中惬意地摇晃。在那之前我所见过的植物都是全绿的,我不信天底下竞有植物可     

嫩早1号南瓜新品种推广经验总结

选育一个特色、富有推广前景的蔬菜新品种,需花费育种者们数年的汗水和智慧。如何将优秀的蔬菜新品种快速推上市场,为种植户、经销商及育种者带来更高更快的经济效益,是每个拥有蔬菜新品种知识产权的单位(或组织)必须面对的问题。     

设施农业不良环境因素发生与防治对策

随着农业产业化结构的不断调整,设施农业如雨后春笋,在辽北这片肥沃的土地上成规模地发展起来,给广大农民带来了直接的效益,由于辽北地区所处北温带季风性气候,10月份开始到次年的4月份,开始进行蔬菜生产,各类型蔬菜在长达210多天的人为控制的环境下生长,与此同时各种不良的环境因素也时刻在阻碍着蔬菜的生长发育,它们以不同的方式,不同的特点威胁着蔬菜的生长.     

蔬菜中的碳水化合物和纤维素及膳食纤维

蔬菜是人们生活中的重要副食品之一,含有人体所需的维生素、碳水化合物、矿质元素、蛋白质等营养成分。随着营养学的发展,人们进一步认识到纤维素对人体健康的重要作用,在传统的五大营养源（碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿质元素）基础上添加了纤维素,称为六大营养源。蔬菜是纤维素的重要来源之一,因而在一些涉及蔬菜营养的书籍、文献中,常常会看到“粗纤维”、“纤维素”、“半纤维素”、“膳食纤维”等专有名词。由于这些名词的特定含义及其相互之间的交叉关系,有时会在非专业人员中造成歧义。     

谨防花卉的毒副作用

花卉即花花草草,泛指草本的观赏植物.本文中的"花卉"取其广义,指可供观赏的花草树木等植物.花草树木能吸附灰尘,吸收有害气体,减轻大气污染,净化空气,并对噪音有吸收和反射作用,使空气新鲜,起到美化环境的作用,好的花卉赏心悦目,让人心神愉悦,对人的健康大有裨益.可是,许多花卉含有毒性物质,或释放有害气体,人体长期接触或误食会引起不适甚至中毒,对人的健康构成了潜在的威胁.     

Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in scar tissue and its relationship with apoptosis

AIM: To examine the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in scar tissue, and observe the phenomenon of apoptosis and its involvement in the process of pathological scarring and the presence of myofibroblasts or absence of cell in the dermis. To investigate the potential role of reparative cell apoptosis in hyperplastic scar formation. METHODS: The samples of scar were obtained from post-burn patients undergoing plastic operation in our burn unit recently, and the samples of control came from skin donor site of the same patient correspondingly. TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate the number of apoptotic cells in scar versus normal skin. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining technique were employed to determine the expression of different dermis cells markers in scar tissue and normal skin. RESULTS: There existed evident difference in apoptotic cells in the dermis between scars tissue and normal human skin. The expression positive cells were much more in hyperplastic scars than that in normal human skin; the apoptotic cells of proliferative stage were slight more than that of mature stage. However, in proliferative stage, the number of apoptotic cells was higher for the combination of hyperplastic scar than normally healed flat scars. But in mature stage, no obviously difference was detected between hyperplastic scar and normally healed flat scar. The monoclonal anti-α smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression was significantly stronger in proliferative stage than that of mature stage. CONCLUSIONS: With reconstitution of dermal tissue, myofibroblasts containing alpha-SM actin disappear under normal wound healing, probably as a result of apoptosis. The myofibroblast play a critical role in wound closure and in the pathologic sequelae of healing.     

CaM在梨花芽分化过程中的含量变化

以梨为试材，对成花过程中的短枝芽和叶所含钙调素（ＣａＭ）的含量进行了测定。（１）短枝芽的ＣａＭ含量在整个成花前后都明显高于新梢芽的含量，特别是在成花的发端期突然成倍增加，形成高峰；（２）短果枝叶的ＣａＭ与新梢叶有着相近的变化趋势，但在成花前后，短果枝叶的ＣａＭ含量明显高于新梢叶；（３）ＣａＡｃ处理可以使短枝芽所含ＣａＭ的峰值提前出现，ＴＦＰ处理可明显降低ＣａＭ含量和延迟其峰值到来。还就ＣａＭ在成花过程中的作用及与Ｃａ２＋的关系等问题进行了讨论。     

Effects of exercise stress on cigarette smoking-induced downregulation of BKCa and Kv1.5 expression in rat bronchial smooth muscle cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of exercise stress on chronic cigarette smoking-induced downregulation of expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK_Ca) and voltage-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv1.5) in rat bronchial smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control, smoking control and smoking plus exercise training group. The alteration of airway responsiveness and plasma cortisol level were detected, and potassium channel expression and pathological changes in lung tissue were determined with HE staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Western blot techniques. RESULTS: (1) Cigarette smoking induced an increase in airway responsiveness, smoking plus exercise lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness in contrast to smoking control group; (2) Plasma level of cortisol determined immediately after exercise was higher than that determined before exercise; (3) HE staining showed that there was severe chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in smoking control group, which was slight in the smoking plus exercise group; (4) The protein and mRNA expression of BK_Ca in cigarette smoking group were less than that in control group in BSMC, the mRNA expression of BK_Ca in exercise group were higher than that in smoking group; (5) The protein and mRNA expression of Kv1.5 in smoking group were less than that in control group in BSMC, and expression of Kv1.5 in exercise group was higher than that in smoking group in bronchioli. CONCLUSION: Proper exercise training can increase the expression of potassium channel BK_Ca and Kv1.5, and increase the cortisol secretion, which may contribute to the decreasing of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by cigarette smoking.     

日光温室和露地甜樱桃红艳秋季枝叶中氮代谢的比较

以日光温室和露地栽培的6年生槽栽甜樱桃红艳植株为试材,对秋季枝叶中全氮、总氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、硝酸还原酶的变化动态进行了测定。结果表明,温室条件下叶片中的氮向枝中运转的量少于露地;长枝枝皮、短枝中的可溶性蛋白质减少,而长枝木质中可溶性蛋白质增加很多;叶中可溶性蛋白质高于露地,而且叶中的可溶性蛋白质在整个秋季都维持在相当高的水平。秋季枝中总氨基酸的变化趋势比较复杂,而叶中总氨基酸的变化趋势则很有规律,都有增加的趋势。秋季叶中谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、硝酸还原酶的活性在整个秋季都没有急剧减少,有时还有增加,这表明叶片中的氮代谢一直在进行,并没有随叶片的衰老而减弱。     

‘长富2号’苹果果实类黄酮组成和含量研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法对‘长富2号’苹果果皮和果肉中的类黄酮进行了测定,并对6个产地‘长富2号’苹果的类黄酮组成与含量进行了比较研究。结果表明:果皮含4类16种类黄酮,总含量810.12～1304.59mg·kg-(1黄酮醇占58.3%～73.1%);果肉含3类11种类黄酮,总含量79.87～124.88mg·kg-1(黄烷醇占67.5%～85.5%);果肉中各种类黄酮含量均很低,特别是黄酮醇,含量仅为果皮的0.1%～3.1%;6个产地‘长富2号’苹果所含类黄酮种类完全相同,产地间果皮黄酮醇液相色谱指纹图谱相似度高达0.922～0.990;不同产地间类黄酮含量多有明显差异(P0.05),陕西白水样品果皮中类黄酮含量最高而果肉中最低,河北昌黎样品果皮类黄酮含量最低,山东牟平样品果肉类黄酮含量最高;平均单果含类黄酮35.14mg,其中,果皮类黄酮占41.3%,果肉类黄酮占58.7%。     

Modulation of K+ channels by Ca2+ and pH in regulatory volume decrease

It has been widely appreciated that animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease(RVD) after swell in a hypotonic environment. Activation of K channels is crucial in the process of self-protection. There are a characterized increase in cytoplasmic Ca and a decrease in pH in the process of RVD in many cell types. Ca entry via transient receptor potential(TRP) channel is crucial for the cytoplasmic Ca increase, which in turn induces the decrease in pH.The increase in cytoplasmic Ca and decrease in pH activate or inhibit the activity of K channel, respectively. In this review, the regulatory network at cellular level between cytoplasmic Ca and pH, and the modulation of K channels by Ca and pH in the process of RVD are discussed.     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in the initiating stage of fibrosis in lungs of rats

AIM: To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the initiating stage of pulmonary fibrosis of rats after administration of bleomycin (BLM).METHODS: The expression of CTGF in lungs was detected by Western blotting. The content of hydroxyproline was assayed by the method of chloramines T. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma was investigated by colorimetry.RESULTS: On day 14 after administration of BLM, the contents of CTGF in lungs and MDA in plasma in BLM+NS group were higher than those in NS group, respectively (P<0.05; P<0.01). On day 30 after BLM, the contents of hydroxyproline in lungs and MDA in plasma in BLM+NS group were higher than those in NS group, respectively (both P<0.01). Treatment with GbE ameliorated the above changes induced by BLM. CONCLUSION: GbE ameliorates the up-regulation of CTGF in the initial stage of fibrosis in lungs of rats after administration of BLM. GbE prevents the hyperoxidative injury in lungs of rats after BLM, which might be one of mechanisms underling the effect of GbE on CTGF.     

Influence of exogenous somatostatin on pancreatic blood flow in normal rats or rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the influence of exogenous somatostatin (stilamin) on pancreatic blood flow in normal rats or rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).METHODS:Pancreatic blood flow (PBF) was detected with computerized tissue blood flowmeter and rats with ANP were triggered with sodium taurocholate. Metabolites of eicosanoids in plasma were determined with radioimmunoassay. Other laboratory tests including histopathologic observation under optical or electron microscope were used. RESULTS:There was a significant decrease in PBF in normal rats after stilamin administration in comparison with that before use of the drug. There was significant decrease in PBF after onset of ANP, but, compared with that in ANP group, significant increase was shown in SS(stilamin)+ANP group. Plasma thromboxin-B₂(TXB₂) in ANP group at 6 hours after ANP was significantly higher, with increase of 4.5 times, than that in Sham(sham operated) group while TXB₂, detected each time during the course of ANP, significantly decreased in SS+ANP group. 6-Keto-prostagland in F_1α(6-Keto-PGF_1α) at 6 h after ANP was significantly higher, and the ratio of TXB ₂／6-Keto-PGF_1α, significantly lower in SS+ANP group than that in ANP group. Lessened necrosis of acinar cells, along with much fewer microthrombi in microvessels in SS+ANP group, was shown by pathologic scoring or electron microscope than that in ANP group.CONCLUSION:Administration of exogenous somatostatin leads to the decrease in PBF in physiological setting but it attenuates pancreatic ischemia in SS+ANP group, which may be attributed to correction of abnormal metabolism of eicosanoids, improvement of pancreatic microcirculation and cytoprotection of acinar cells as well.     

Effects of exogenous ADM on HPA axis in early stage of acute mechanical renal trauma

AIM: To explore the effects of exogenous adrenomedullin(ADM) on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA)axis in the early stage of acute mechanical renal trauma.METHODS: Healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 8 in control group, 32 in trauma group, 32 in the group injected with ADM before trauma and 32 in the group injected with ADM after trauma. To induce renal trauma, the rats in the latter 3 groups were subjected to mechanical impact directly on the skin of renal region by a free-fall iron hammer. The rats in 2 treatment groups were injected with ADM (0.1 nmol/kg) intraperitoneally 10 min just before and after trauma,respectively. The rats in the 3 groups with kidney injury were executed in batches by drawing all the blood quickly in the hearts at the time points of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after trauma. The hypothalamus tissues were also collected. The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) in hypothalamus and the concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and cortisol(CORT) in plasma were detected by immunohistochemical method and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The expression of CRH in hypothalamus and the concentrations of ACTH and CORT in plasma in trauma group,but were slightly higher than those in control group,but without statistical significance. The expression of CRH in hypothalamus at 1 h and 24 h, the concentration of ACTH in plasma at 12 h and CORT at 6 h,12 h and 24 h in the group injected with ADM before trauma significantly higher than those in trauma group and control group (P<0.05). The expression of CRH in hypothalamus at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h and the concentration of CORT in plasma at 12 h and 24 h in the group injected with ADM after trauma were obviously higher than those in trauma group and control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exogenous ADM stimulates HPA axis and activates the function of HPA axis markedly. However, the different layers of HPA axis have different responses to exogenous ADM. Injection of ADM before or after trauma has different effects on HPA axis.     

The changes in proliferation and apoptosis of macrophages in the development of pulmonary fibrosis of rats

AIM: To observe the changes in proliferation and apoptosis of macrophages in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: The number of macrophages, apoptotic cells, the proliferation index (PI) and MTT activity of macrophages were assayed on the day 14 and the day 30 after intratracheal adminstration BLMA₅ in rats. RESULTS: (1) The number of alveolar macrophages was increased in BLMA₅ 14 d group and in BLMA₅ 30 d group, compared with sham 14 d group and sham 30 d group, respectively. The number of macrophages in BLMA₅ 14 d group was higher than that in BLMA₅ 30 d group. (2) The PI of macrophages increased in BLMA₅ 14 d group, and decreased in BLMA₅ 30 d group. (3) The number of apoptotic cells increased both in BLMA₅ 14 d group and BLMA₅ 30 d group. The number of apoptotic cells in BLMA₅ 14 d group was lower than that in BLMA₅ 30 d group. (4) The MTT activity of macrophages was higher in BLMA₅ 14 d group and in BLMA₅ 30 d group than that in sham 14 d group and sham 30 d group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of proliferation increased at first, and then decreased, but the apoptosis of macrophages increased all the time, in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This might be partly contributed to the changes of the number and function of macrophages in lung.